In the present work, we investigate wetting phenomena on freshly prepared nanostructured porous silicon (nPS) with tunable properties. Surface roughness and porosity of nPS can be tailored by controlling fabrication current density in the range 40-120 mA/cm(2). The length scale of the characteristic surface structures that compose nPS allows the application of thermodynamic wettability approaches. The high interaction energy between water and surface is determined by measuring water contact angle (WCA) hysteresis, which reveals Wenzel wetting regime. Moreover, the morphological analysis of the surfaces by atomic force microscopy allows predicting WCA from a semiempiric model adapted to this material. 相似文献
A typical superhydrophobic (ultrahydrophobic) surface can repel water droplets from wetting itself, and the contact angle of a water droplet resting on a superhydrophobic surface is greater than 150°, which means extremely low wettability is achievable on superhydrophobic surfaces. Many superhydrophobic surfaces (both manmade and natural) normally exhibit micro- or nanosized roughness as well as hierarchical structure, which somehow can influence the surface's water repellence. As the research into superhydrophobic surfaces goes deeper and wider, it is becoming more important to both academic fields and industrial applications. In this work, the most recent progress in preparing manmade superhydrophobic surfaces through a variety of methodologies, particularly within the past several years, and the fundamental theories of wetting phenomena related to superhydrophobic surfaces are reviewed. We also discuss the perspective of natural superhydrophobic surfaces utilized as mimicking models. The discussion focuses on how the superhydrophobic property is promoted on solid surfaces and emphasizes the effect of surface roughness and structure in particular. This review aims to enable researchers to perceive the inner principles of wetting phenomena and employ suitable methods for creation and modification of superhydrophobic surfaces. 相似文献
In this work, we have developed a practical approach for the replication of hierarchical structures on a native leaf surface via a fast two‐step molding process combining both the fast curability to prevent shrinkage of cells and the strong resistance to chemical compounds for further applications. The negative replica of the leaf was produced from perfluoropolyether (PFPE) by precise molding followed by a fast curing with UV. A liquid ceramic precursor material (polyvinylsilazane, PVSZ) was used to fabricate the positive leaf structure through the same process as applied for the negative imprint of the surface yielding a highly detailed replica of the native leaf surface structure. Static water contact angle measurements show that the biomimetic surfaces exhibit a wettability similar to the native leaves. 相似文献
In this paper, we demonstrate how condensed moisture droplets wet classical superhydrophobic lotus leaf surfaces and analyze the mechanism that causes the increase of contact angle hysteresis. Superhydrophobic lotus leaves in nature show amazing self-cleaning property with high water contact angle (>150°) and low contact angle hysteresis (usually <10°), causing droplets to roll off at low inclination angles, in accordance with classical Cassie–Baxter wetting state. However, when superhydrophobic lotus leaves are wetted with condensation, the condensed water droplets are sticky and exhibit higher contact angle hysteresis (40–50°). Compared with a fully wetted sessile droplet (classical Wenzel state) on the lotus leaves, the condensed water droplet still has relatively large contact angle (>145°), suggesting that the wetting state deviates from a fully wetted Wenzel state. When the condensed water droplets are subjected to evaporation at room conditions, a thin water film is observed bridging over the micropillar structures of the lotus leaves. This causes the dew to stick to the surface. This result suggests that the condensed moisture does not uniformly wet the superhydrophobic lotus leaf surfaces. Instead, there occurs a mixed wetting state, between classical Cassie–Baxter and Wenzel states that causes a distinct increase of contact angle hysteresis. It is also observed that the mixed Cassie–Baxter/Wenzel state can be restored to the original Cassie–Baxter state by applying ultrasonic vibration which supplies energy to overcome the energy barrier for the wetting transition. In contrast, when the surface is fully wetted (classical Wenzel state), such restoration is not observed with ultrasonic vibration. The results reveal that although the superhydrophobic lotus leaves are susceptible to being wetted by condensing moisture, the configured wetting state is intermediate between the classical Cassie–Baxter and Wenzel states. 相似文献
Summary: A soft‐lithographic imprinting approach to fabricate super‐hydrophobic surfaces has been developed in this work. In this process, fresh lotus leaves were used as masters and PDMS stamps were prepared by replica molding against the lotus‐leaf surfaces. By using the stamps and an epoxy‐based azo polymer solution as “ink”, the mimicked lotus‐leaf surfaces made of the polymer were fabricated by pressing the featured faces of the stamps against “inked” substrates and drying under a proper condition after peeling off the stamps. The lotus‐leaf‐like surfaces show super‐hydrophobic characteristics with the water contact angle higher than 150° and contact angle hysteresis less than 3°.
SEM images of lotus‐leaf‐like papillary structures on the imprinted surface. 相似文献
The wetting characteristics of surfaces of polymers doped with photochromic spiropyran molecules can be tuned when irradiated with laser beams of properly chosen photon energy. The hydrophilicity is enhanced upon UV laser irradiation since the embedded nonpolar spiropyran molecules convert to their polar merocyanine isomers. The process is reversed upon green laser irradiation. Structuring of the photochromic polymeric surfaces with soft lithography enhances significantly the hydrophobicity of the system, indicating that the water droplets on the patterned features interact with air that is trapped in the microcavities, thus creating superhydrophobic air-water contact areas. Furthermore, the light-induced wettability variations of the structured surfaces are enhanced by a factor of 3 compared to those on the flat surfaces. This significant enhancement is attributed to the photoinduced reversible volume changes to the imprinted gratings, which additionally contribute to the wettability changes due to the light-induced photochromic interconversions. 相似文献
Polymers like poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) exhibit lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior. A variety of reports have shown that brush grafts of PNIPAM on surfaces exhibit similar temperature responsiveness. We recently described an alternative synthetic approach to such surfaces that affords surfaces with similar LCST-like behavior. We also noted how such surfaces' wettability can change in response to the identity and concentration of solutes. Here we show that this synthetic procedure can be extended to glass surfaces and to more complex surfaces present in porous glass frits. Functionalized glass surfaces exhibit solute-dependent wetting behavior analogous to that previously reported. We further show that the resulting responsive nanocomposite grafts on such frits exhibit "smart" responsive permeability with a greater than 1000-fold difference in permeability to water versus aqueous solutions of sodium sulfate. This "smart" permeability is ascribed to the solute-dependent wettability behavior of the responsive PNIPAM component of the nanocomposite graft, which is sensitive both to the identity and concentration of the solute anion and to temperature. 相似文献
AbstractDue to the important use of pesticide formulation, it is necessary to make it clear how ionic surfactant effect the wettability at leaf surface. In this work, we used the sessile drop method to study the wettability of SDS and DTAB on wheat leaf surfaces at different leaf stages, and reveal the relationship between surfactants structures and leaf stages of wheat leaf surfaces on wettability behavior. Results showed that few surfactant molecules adsorbed at the interface at low concentrations. With the concentration increased, the surfactant replaced the air layer partially within the nano/micro structure of leaf surfaces. When the concentration exceeded to CMC, the adsorption of surfactant molecules was saturated at both air-liquid interface and solid-liquid interface, the wetting state was still the transitional state between Cassie-Baxter’s and Wenzel’s state. In all concentrations, the adhesional tension and surface tension showed the linear relationship and the slope values were all below ?1, suggesting there were more surfactant molecules adsorbed at the solid-liquid interface than the liquid-air interface. As SDS is a common wetting agent and DTAB is a common fungicide in agrochemical, this study will provide potential guidance in practical application of pesticide solutions in leaf surface wetting. 相似文献
The water-conducting network of capillaries in plants has evolved to cope with the frequent occurrence of cavitation, which leads to air-filled capillaries that are unable to function in water transport. However, the material from which the capillaries are constructed is not perfectly wetted by water, contrary to what is often assumed and to what one might expect in an optimal design. I demonstrate that nature is able to overcome this deficiency by engineering the roughness of the capillary walls to achieve near complete wetting, a strategy analogous to that used in the natural engineering of the wettability of plant leaves and insect wings. The results provide an appealing answer to the long-standing debate on the function of wall sculpturing in plant capillaries, and may provide biomimetic clues for the engineering of wettability in technological applications such as microfluidics. 相似文献
A novel strategy for a tunable sigmoidal wetting transition from superhydrophobicity to superhydrophilicity on a continuous nanostructured hybrid film via gradient UV-ozone (UVO) exposure is presented. Along a single wetting gradient surface (40 mm), we could visualize the superhydrophobic (thetaH2O > 165 degrees and low contact angle hysteresis) transition (165 degrees > thetaH2O > 10 degrees ) and superhydrophilic (thetaH2O < 10 degrees within 1 s) regions simply through the optical images of water droplets on the surface. The film is prepared through layer-by-layer assembly of negatively charged silica nanoparticles (11 nm) and positively charged poly(allylamine hydrochloride) with an initial deposition in a fractal manner. The extraordinary wetting transition on chemically modified nanoparticle layered surfaces with submicrometer- to micrometer-scale pores represents a competition between the chemical wettability and hierarchical roughness of surfaces as often occurs in nature (e.g., lotus leaves, insect wings, etc). 相似文献
Harvesting water from humid air via dewing can provide a viable solution to a water shortage problem where liquid-phase water is not available. Here we experimentally quantify the effects of wettability and geometry of the condensation substrate on the water harvest efficiency. Uniformly hydrophilic surfaces are found to exhibit higher rates of water condensation and collection than surfaces with lower wettability. This is in contrast to a fog basking method where the most efficient surface consists of hydrophilic islands surrounded by hydrophobic background. A thin drainage path in the lower portion of the condensation substrate is revealed to greatly enhance the water collection efficiency. The optimal surface conditions found in this work can be used to design a practical device that harvests water as its biological counterpart, a green tree frog, Litoria caerulea , does during the dry season in tropical northern Australia. 相似文献
The fine microstructure on the natural green bristlegrass leaf of Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv, which exhibits a contact angle (CA) of 155°±2° and a rolling angle (RA) of 79°±2°, is carefully observed. Based on the understanding of the underlying mechanisms for superhydrophobicity and moderate surface adhesion, an efficient replica molding strategy is proposed for mimicking the microstructures on green bristlegrass leaf surface to polypropylene (PP) surfaces. The bioinspired PP replica with dual‐level micropillars are molded by using the unitized template of steel Meshes A and B. Interestingly, the PP replica inherits both hydrophobicity and adhesion of the natural leaf. Furthermore, the PP replica can stabilize its hydrophobic state under a 980 Pa external pressure, which is attributed to the composite Cassie‐Wenzel mixed wetting state on the microstructured interface. The CA comparatively goes down and RA increases, resulting in superhydrophobic surface with moderate adhesion on the bioinspired surface. Hence, the microstructures and hydrophobicity are successfully replicated to the PP surface by only using the low cost, available and reliable steel meshes in the bioinspired replica molding process. 相似文献
Many natural superhydrophobic structures have hierarchical two-tier roughness which is empirically known to promote robust superhydrophobicity. We report the wetting and dewetting properties of two-tier roughness as a function of the wettability of the working fluid, where the surface tension of water/ethanol drops is tuned by the mixing ratio, and compare the results to one-tier roughness. When the ethanol concentration of deposited drops is gradually increased on one-tier control samples, the impalement of the microtier-only surface occurs at a lower ethanol concentration compared to the nanotier-only surface. The corresponding two-tier surface exhibits a two-stage wetting transition, first for the impalement of the microscale texture and then for the nanoscale one. The impaled drops are subsequently subjected to vibration-induced dewetting. Drops impaling one-tier surfaces could not be dewetted; neither could drops impaling both tiers of the two-tier roughness. However, on the two-tier surface, drops impaling only the microscale roughness exhibited a full dewetting transition upon vibration. Our work suggests that two-tier roughness is essential for preventing catastrophic, irreversible wetting of superhydrophobic surfaces. 相似文献
Hydrophobins are a type of small amphipathic proteins with a unique self-assembly property, which can be used to modify material surfaces and adsorb enzymes, antibodies and even cells. In this study, a fusion protein consisting of hydrophobin HGFI and green fluorescent protein(GFP) was successfully obtained from Pichia patoris (P. pastoris). Water contact angle(WCA) measurement proves that the wettability of the surfaces of different materials was changed. We further demonstrated the self-assembly ability of HGFI-GFP, which can be used to disperse the multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs). Finally, the adsorption of HGFI-GFP onto the surface of the tissue engineering material poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL) was evaluated by detecting the fluorescence of the fusion protein itself. The resalt demonstrates that both the basic self-assembly activity of the HGFI domain and the functional activity of the GFP domain were still remained. 相似文献
Superhydrophobic films with hierarchical micro-nano structures were deposited on glass substrates by solution immersion method from a solution containing cobalt chloride, urea and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). Subsequently the films were hydrophobized with a low surface energy material like octadecanoic acid under ambient conditions resulting in superhydrophobic surfaces with water contact angle (WCA) of about 168° and contact angle hysteresis of 1°. The effect of deposition parameters such as solution composition, temperature, deposition time and alkanoic acid treatment on surface morphology and wettability of the films was studied. Mechanism of formation of cobalt chloride carbonate hydroxide film is discussed. Addition of CTAB to the solution resulted in a change in the surface morphology of the deposited films with flower-like structures. The wettability of films obtained under different process conditions was correlated to surface roughness using Wenzel and Cassie models. 相似文献