金属离子在液相氧化中的催化作用——Ⅷ.在丙酸氧化反应中Mn(Ⅲ)-Co(Ⅲ)催化体系不同离子的功能

本文仔细地研究了Mn(Ⅲ)-Co(Ⅲ)催化体系中不同离子在丙酸氧化中的功能:Mn(Ⅲ)离子首先与丙酸作用并被还原成Mn(Ⅱ)离子;Co(Ⅲ)离子可在反应体系中将Mn(Ⅱ)再氧化,而还原了的Co(Ⅱ)离子可为氧再生.这样建立起的氧化还原体系形成了催化循环.     

Mn(Ⅱ),Fe(Ⅲ)和活性炭对S(IV)液相氧化的催化作用

在金属离子参与下S(Ⅳ)的催化氧化反应是大气含水体系中S(Ⅳ)转化为S(Ⅵ)的重要反应.普遍认为大气中的主要金属元素 Mn,Fe,Cu和 Co对 S(Ⅳ)的氧化有催化作用.尽管 Mn(Ⅰ)和 Fe(Ⅱ)对于 S(Ⅳ)催化氧化的化学动力学已被广泛研究,但至今尚未取得一致的结果;有关Mn(Ⅰ)和 Fe(Ⅱ)催化氧化的协同作用亦是人们争论的问题。本工作在分别研究了Mn(Ⅰ)和 Fe(Ⅱ)对 S(Ⅳ)氧化的催化作用的基础上,进一步考察了 Mn(Ⅰ)和 Fe(Ⅱ)是否存在着协同催化作用.另外,还探讨了Fe(Ⅱ)和活性炭、Mn(Ⅰ)和活性炭对S(Ⅳ)的氧化是否存在着协同催化作用.     

NH4Cl.CrO3对烯丙基醚和苄基醚的选择性氧化成酯的研究

本文报道了NH4Cl.CrO3(简称ACC)在无溶剂反应条件下, 以较好的产率, 将烯丙基醚或苄基醚选择性地氧化成相应的酯。     

Mn(Ⅱ)/Mn(Ⅲ)电对在硫酸溶液中氧化还原行为

采用循环伏安法对Mn(Ⅱ)/Mn(Ⅲ)电对在硫酸溶液中铂电极上的氧化还原与Mn(Ⅱ)浓度、酸浓度、扫描速率、温度以及对流因素的函数关系进行了研究.结果发现,Mn(Ⅱ)在铂电极上Mn(Ⅱ)的氧化及Mn(Ⅲ)的还原均受扩散控制；升高温度和磁搅拌均能增加Mn(Ⅱ)氧化为Mn(Ⅲ)的速率；增加酸浓度和Mn(Ⅱ)浓度有利于增加Mn(Ⅲ)的稳定性,减少Mn(Ⅲ)的歧化和水解.     

相转移催化下苄基醚选择性间接电氧化的研究

研究了相转移催化剂（Ｂｕ４ＮＨＳＯ４）作用下，Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）／Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）间接氧化还原体系电氧化苄基醚。实验结果表明，苄基醚可选择性地高产率氧化为苯甲醛，阳极液中Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）可以循环使用。     

读者园地

问:1.Mn(Ⅱ)的过硫酸铵氧化光度测定法为什么至今仍被广泛应用于金属材料中锰的测定? 2.过硫酸铵氧化Mn(Ⅱ)至Mn(Ⅲ)反应的酸度要求如何?反应宜在何种酸的介质中进行? 3.氧化Mn(Ⅱ)至Mn(Ⅶ)应加入多少过硫酸铵?     

锰氮掺杂的碳材料催化苄基醚氧化生成酯（英文）

报道了一种在无溶剂条件下可回收的锰氮掺杂的碳材料催化叔丁基过氧化氢氧化苄基醚生成酯的催化氧化体系.该催化氧化体系具有好的官能团耐受性、优异的化学选择性,而且该催化氧化体系可以放大.     

离子液体中芳烃侧链分子氧催化氧化反应研究

分别以离子液体[Hex-mim]BF4, [Bmim]BF4, [Bmim]PF6和[Omim]BF4为溶剂, Co(Ⅱ), Mn(Ⅱ)或Ni(Ⅱ)/NHPI(AIBN)为复合催化剂, 考察了不同离子液体-催化剂体系中常压分子氧氧化芳烃侧链烷基的反应. 在[Hex-mim]BF4中, Co(Ⅱ)或Mn(Ⅱ)/NHPI可有效地催化芳烃侧链烷基的分子氧氧化. 在优化条件下, 乙苯、正丙苯和正丁苯分别以高达90%, 94%和93%的收率得到相应的芳香酮; 甲苯和对位取代甲苯以32%~47%的收率被氧化为相应的芳香酸. 离子液体及金属催化剂体系在减压下除水后, 可循环使用.     

催化动力学光度法测定痕量锰

在H2SO4介质中,在表面活性剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯(7)醚的活化下,Mn(Ⅱ)催化溴酸钾氧化甲基紫褪色,建立了动力学光度法测定痕量Mn(Ⅱ)的新方法.考查了最佳试验条件并进行了动力学参数的测定;该方法检出限为2.3×10-7 g/L;线性范围0.0002～0.014 μg/mL;最大相对标准偏差为4.8%.用于水和面粉的测定,回收率在95.0%～104.7%之间;对面粉样用石墨炉原子吸收法进行了对比试验,方法相对误差低于±5.0%.     

相转移催化下Mn（Ⅲ）／Mn（Ⅱ）体系对醇类的选择性电氧化

以Mn(Ⅲ)/Mn(Ⅱ)为间接氧化还原体系,用间接电氧化的方法,在相转移催化条件下对醇类的氧化进行了研究。结果表明,在所用实验条件下,Mn(Ⅲ)可以方便地在电极上生成及再生,对苄醇类及二级脂肪醇类能高产率地选择性氧化成相应的羰基化合物。     

Mn(OAc)3—an efficient oxidant for regeneration of DDQ: deprotection of p-methoxy benzyl ethers

Mn(OAc)₃ has been successfully developed as a new oxidant for the regeneration of DDQ from HDDQ. This DDQ regeneration technique, making use of 3 equiv. of Mn(OAc)₃–DDQ (10 mol%), was applied to the deprotection of p-methoxy benzyl (PMB) ethers.     

Novel and Efficient Oxidation of Benzyl Ethers to Benzaldehydes by DMSO/49% Aq. HBr

Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) oxidizes benzyl ethers into corresponding benzaldehydes at 110°C; the reaction is accelerated by 49% aq. HBr. The conditions work well for different aryl‐substituted benzyl ethers. This protocol is inert toward dialkyl ethers.     

氯化铵三氧化铬在干反应中对苄醚的选择性氧化

本文报道氯化铵三氧化铬(ACC)是具有高选择性的氧化剂, 在无溶剂的干反应中, 可以把苄醚氧化成相应的苯甲酸酯, 且顶点满意的产率.     

Reduction of carbon-carbon double bonds and hydrogenolysis by sodium hypophosphite

Sodium hypophosphite plus palladium-charcoal is a mild, economical, selective system for the reduction of carbon-carbon double bonds and hydrogenolysis of benzyl ethers and benzyl carbonates.     

Chemoselective and Direct Functionalization of Methyl Benzyl Ethers and Unsymmetrical Dibenzyl Ethers by Using Iron Trichloride

Methyl and benzyl ethers are widely utilized as protected alcohols due to their chemical stability, such as the low reactivity of the methoxy and benzyloxy groups as leaving groups under nucleophilic conditions. We have established the direct azidation of chemically stable methyl and benzyl ethers derived from secondary and tertiary benzyl alcohols. The present azidation chemoselectively proceeds at the secondary or tertiary benzylic positions of methyl benzyl ethers or unsymmetrical dibenzyl ethers and is also applicable to direct allylation, alkynylation, and cyanation reactions, as well as the azidation. The present methodologies provide not only a novel chemoselectivity but also the advantage of shortened synthetic steps, due to the direct process without the deprotection of the methyl and benzyl ethers.     

One-Pot Reductive Mono-N-alkylation of Aromatic Nitro Compounds Using Nitriles as Alkylating Reagents

Palladium catalysed transfer hydrogenation using cyclohexene as the donor is found to deprotect readily alcohol benzyl ethers and aliphatic benzyl esters. The phenol benzyl ethers and benzyl benzoates are stable under these conditions.     

Synthesis of Benzyl Alkyl Ethers by Intermolecular Dehydration of Benzyl Alcohol with Aliphatic Alcohols under the Effect of Copper Containing Catalysts

Synthesis of benzyl alkyl ethers was performed in high yields by intermolecular dehydration of benzyl and primary, secondary, tertiary alcohols under the effect of copper containing catalysts. The formation of benzyl alkyl ethers occurs with participation of benzyl cation.     

Rare earth metal trifluoromethanesulfonates catalyzed benzyl-etherification

Rare earth metal trifluoromethanesulfonates [rare earth metal triflate, RE(OTf)3] were found to be efficient catalyst for benzyl-etherification. In the presence of a catalytic amount of RE(OTf)3, condensation of benzyl alcohols and aliphatic alcohols proceeded smoothly to afford the benzyl ethers. The condensation between benzyl alcohols and thiols also proceeded, and thio ethers were obtained in good yield. In these reactions, RE(OTf)3 could be recovered easily after the reactions were completed and could be reused without loss of activity.     

DDQ-mediated direct cross-dehydrogenative-coupling (CDC) between benzyl ethers and simple ketones

A direct Cross-Dehydrogenative-Coupling (CDC) between benzyl ethers and simple ketones was developed without using any metal catalyst. By using DDQ, various benzyl ethers and simples ketones were coupled together directly to form beta-alkoxyl ketones efficiently. A mechanism in which the DDQ serves the double roles of an oxidizing agent and an organomediator was proposed.     

Rearrangements of organometallic compounds : X. The mechanism of 1,2-aryl migration in the Wittig rearrangement of α-metallated benzyl aryl ethers

The mechanism of 1,2-aryl shifts in the Wittig rearrangement of α-metallated benzyl aryl ethers has been investigated by a detailed examination of the behavior of the following ethers: benzyl phenyl ether, benzyl para-tert-butyl- and meta-tert-butyl-phenyl ethers, benzyl 2-bromo-4-tert-butylphenyl ether and dibenzo[b,d] pyran. The failure to trap any aldehyde intermediate, the ease of rearrangement for the pyran, the lack of evidence for an aryne intermediate with the benzyl butyl ethers and other circumstantial evidence have led to the proposal of an intramolecular pathway in which radical pairs are generated and then collapse to the isomeric carbinolate.