不同产地软玉的拉曼光谱分析及在古玉器无损研究中的应用

利用拉曼(Raman)光谱技术分别对中国新疆、青海、江苏、辽宁及韩国、俄罗斯、加拿大、新西兰和澳大利亚的软玉样品进行无损分析研究。首先利用拉曼光谱区分了透闪石型和阳起石型软玉, 并对软玉双链结构中Na+、K+对Ca2+以及Al3+对Si2+的不同置换程度引起低频区域特征峰的漂移进行分析, 同时还研究了表面状态和显微结构对674cm-1附近峰强的影响。最后利用拉曼(Raman)光谱技术结合质子激发X射线荧光(PIXE)和X射线衍射(XRD)对河南安阳殷墟遗址、河南省洛阳地区和浙江良渚遗址出土的9件中国古代玉器进行透闪石型软玉的矿相标定, 证明拉曼光谱在中国古玉器结构测试和材质鉴定中是一种很好的无损分析手段。     

拉曼光谱在薛家岗古玉测试分析中的应用

无损分析一直是玉器研究所追求的目标,文章将拉曼光谱技术应用于薛家岗文化遗址出土古玉的研究中,在确定古玉的主体矿物、不同类型斑晶及内含包裹体的组成等方面取得了很好的效果。结果表明：拉曼光谱作为一种无损测试方法,能够快速、准确地探测古玉表层及内部的信息,对古玉的鉴定和探讨其矿料来源的地质特征具有重要的指示意义。     

拉曼光谱在优化处理绿松石中的应用研究

优化处理绿松石的大量面市,给绿松石的鉴定带来了挑战。通过激光拉曼光谱测试分析、压制及人工注塑处理绿松石为研究对象,对优化处理绿松石的激光拉曼光谱特征进行了研究。结果表明,拉曼光谱技术是一种有效鉴别绿松石及其处理品的无损检测方法,OH,H₂O,PO₄ 及CH₂基团的振动模式和频率决定了优化处理绿松石的激光拉曼光谱特征。优化处理绿松石除具绿松石典型拉曼光谱特征外,在2 937和2 883 cm-1处普遍出现一组具鉴定意义的由外来添加物中CH₂伸缩振动及CH₂弯曲振动致拉曼谱带。依据这些特征拉曼谱带,有助于将天然绿松石与优化处理品区分开。该研究为快速、准确、无损鉴别绿松石提供了一种新思路。     

辽宁岫岩河磨玉和老玉(闪石玉)中石墨包体的拉曼光谱及其应用

辽宁岫岩是中国新石器时期红山文化玉器的重要来源,辽宁岫岩的闪石玉可分为河磨玉(籽料)和老玉(山流水和山料)两种。文章利用拉曼光谱技术对两种玉料中发现的石墨包体进行了测试分析。结果显示,两种玉料中石墨包体拉曼光谱的特征明显不同,反映了两类闪石玉形成条件上存在的差异,它们是不同成矿期次或者是不同成矿部位的产物。显然,拉曼光谱技术可以成为无损鉴定玉料产地来源的重要辅助手段。     

无损光谱技术在彩绘陶质文物分析中的应用进展

彩绘陶质文物拥有丰富的信息内涵,对于研究我国古代历史文化、经济商贸、科学技术发展起到极其重要的作用。但由于彩绘陶质文物的珍贵性和不可破坏性,普通分析技术难以满足其测试要求,近年来无损光谱技术被引入文物分析检测领域并逐渐得到应用。本工作从彩绘颜料分析、陶胎分析以及器物信息提取等三个方面阐述了激光拉曼显微光谱、激光诱导击穿光谱、能量色散X射线荧光光谱等无损光谱技术应用的现状、方法原理、特点及局限性,并对无损光谱技术在彩绘陶质文物分析中的应用进行了展望。     

不透明高密度聚乙烯覆盖下硝酸钠的拉曼光谱研究

空间偏移拉曼光谱技术(SORS)作为一种新型拉曼光谱技术,其光谱收集系统与激光入射点在空间位置上有一定的偏移距离~([1]),具有很好的抑制表层成分拉曼光谱及荧光光谱的能力,能够实现不/半透明材料覆盖下内部成分拉曼光谱的无损、快速检测~([2-4])。研究团队基于建立空间偏移拉曼光谱探测系统,已成功实现了不透明介质覆盖下隐藏成分的探测,针对偏移距离对于空间偏移拉曼光谱探测信号强度的影响进行了实验研究及分析。     

天然气水合物拉曼光谱研究进展

介绍了常见的几种类型气体水合物的拉曼光谱特征,从水合物晶体结构、生成和分解动力学过程、自然界水合物的分析鉴定及激光拉曼光谱原位探测等几方面对天然气水合物拉曼光谱研究的最新进展进行了综述,探讨了激光拉曼光谱技术目前存在的问题与挑战,指出了其在天然气水合物研究方面的发展趋势与工作重点。     

乙醇和甲醇混合溶液的拉曼光谱法研究

近年来激光技术的快速发展,使得拉曼光谱技术成为激光分析研究领域中的热门之一。拉曼光谱技术广泛地应用于结构化学分析。本文对甲醇和乙醇混合液的拉曼光谱进行了较详尽的研究分析,通过该实验可以有助于学生对激光拉曼技术的进一步了解。     

2000年以来拉曼光谱在考古中的应用

拉曼光谱有着原位无损分析的特点,被广泛应用在考古文物的鉴定与研究中。自2000年以来,随着拉曼光谱技术的不断发展完善,国内外学者积极探索和发掘其在考古研究和文物保护领域的应用潜力。本文详细综述了2000年以来拉曼光谱在考古领域的应用,尝试对相关文献资料进行分类总结,阐述拉曼光谱对考古研究的重要性。     

拉曼光谱技术在农作物生理信息检测中的研究进展

拉曼光谱(Raman spectroscopy,RS)是一种散射光谱,具有样品前处理简单、响应速度快、灵敏性高以及原位无损检测等特点。由于拉曼信号具有指纹图谱特性和不受水分信息干扰的优势,其在生物体信息检测方面发挥着重要作用。拉曼光谱成像技术是拉曼光谱技术发展的新方向,其可以同时获取研究对象的空间及光谱信息;显微拉曼光谱技术不仅可以进行分子结构的检测,还能够实现生物组织微区化学成分的空间分布分析。目前,应用拉曼光谱进行农作物生理信息的检测成为学者们的研究热点。本文概述了拉曼光谱的基本原理和分类,并重点介绍了拉曼光谱技术在农作物的生殖与营养器官(种子,花朵,果实和根,茎,叶)中生理信息检测方面的国内外最新研究进展。最后结合国内外研究现状,分析了拉曼光谱在农作物生理信息检测中的局限,并对其的应用前景进行了展望。     

Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Agricultural Products and Food Analysis: A Review

Abstract

Raman spectroscopy has been gaining popularity as an analytical tool due to advances in development of Raman spectrometry and the power of personal computers. Due to to its narrow and highly resolved bands, Raman spectroscopy allows for nondestructive extraction of chemical and physical information about samples and aids in rapid on-line analysis without any special sample preparation. In this review, Raman spectroscopic techniques such as dispersive Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and spatially offset Raman spectroscopy are briefly introduced. In addition, applications of Raman spectroscopy are explored, within various fields of agricultural products and food, including fruits and vegetables, crops, meat and dairy products, oil, as well as beverages. In addition, some discussion on the importance of Raman spectroscopy as fundamental and applied research of agricultural products and food is provided.     

Application of Raman spectroscopy in the nondestructive analyses of ancient Chinese jades

Jade, as one of the symbols of Chinese material cultures, is the cultural boundary between ancient Chinese and western civilizations. Amphibole, serpentine, turquoise and quartz are the four main kinds of ancient Chinese jades. In this article, the use of Raman spectroscopy in the nondestructive identification of the four kinds of Chinese jades for their phase is discussed. The spectra, in combination with PIXE analysis, help resolve some relevant and further problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Applications of Raman spectroscopy in herbal medicine

Raman spectroscopic techniques are a group of chemical fingerprint detection methods based on molecular vibrational spectroscopy. They are compatible with aqueous solutions and are time saving, nondestructive, and highly informative. With complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) becoming increasingly popular, more people are consuming natural herbal medicines. Thus, chemical fingerprints of herbal medicines are investigated to determine the content of these products. In this study, I review the different types of Raman spectroscopic techniques used in fingerprinting herbal medicines, including dispersive Raman spectroscopy, resonance Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform (FT)–Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy, and confocal/microscopic Raman spectroscopy. Lab-grade Raman spectroscopy instruments help detect the chemical components of herbal medicines effectively and accurately without the need for complicated separation and extraction procedures. In addition, portable Raman spectroscopy instruments could be used to monitor the health and safety compliance of herbal products in the consumer market.     

Multiexcitation Raman Spectroscopy in Identification of Chinese Jade

The high-fluorescence background of jade creates a great impact on the Raman spectra measurements that impedes their application in jade analysis and treatment, particularly with ancient jade. The five most important materials of Chinese ancient jade are amphibole, serpentine, turquoise, agate/chalcedony, and anorthite-zoisite (Dushan jade). This study comparatively analyzed the Raman spectra of different wavelengths' excitation light sources (514.5 nm, 632.8 nm, 785 nm) in identifying these Chinese jades, and this article discusses the most applicable ones to the analysis of different jade materials. The results show that although 632.8 nm He-Ne laser is appropriate for turquoise jades, generally speaking, Raman spectra produced by the 785 nm semiconductor laser and the 632.8 nm He-Ne laser are better for most kinds of jades than the spectra produced by the 514.5 nm argon ion laser, and both of them can be effectively used jointly in research by nondestructive phase analysis of Chinese ancient jade.     

Correlation between the piezoelectric properties and the structure of lead‐free KNN‐modified ceramics,studied by Raman Spectroscopy

The structure of (Li,Na,K)(Nb,Ta,Sb)O₃ piezoelectric ceramics was thoroughly studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy for samples with different compositions and sintered for different times. A linear relationship is evidenced between the tetragonality ratio derived from XRD and the Raman shift. The Raman stretching modes are used to demonstrate the correlation of the structure and the piezoelectric properties of the materials, and to calculate the effective ionic displacement causing the piezoelectric polarization. The methodology proposed here offers invaluable insight into the nondestructive Raman analysis of perovskite structures based on the potassium sodium niobate systems, which are not amenable by studies of diffraction or other spectroscopic techniques. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SERS技术用于苹果表面有机磷农药残留的检测

传统农药残留检测方法比较繁琐、耗时、破坏样品,快速、无损、实时在线是农残检测的发展方向。本文利用表面增强拉曼光谱技术,以苹果为载体,有机磷农药甲拌磷和倍硫磷为研究对象,初步探讨了苹果表面甲拌磷和倍硫磷农药的快速无损检测方法。结果表明,运用表面增强拉曼光谱技术,可使两种有机磷农药的特征频率较易识别,并选取甲拌磷的728 cm-1和倍硫磷的1 512 cm-1 处的拉曼信号作为定量分析目标峰,采用内标法建立甲拌磷、倍硫磷的线性回归模型,可以作为定量分析甲拌磷、倍硫磷的参考依据。     

热释光方法在古陶瓷鉴定中的应用

中国古陶瓷是国际性的艺术收藏品,它的真伪判定是一个关键而且是首要的问题.传统的“目鉴”方法由于它的主观性,结论不容易取得共识,也不易对采用现代高新技术制作的赝品做出准确的鉴别.对古陶瓷进行现代的科技方法鉴定是必然的趋势,而且已取得重要的进展.热释光检测方法是一种绝对断代方法,它不依赖于数据库的建立.经过40余年的发展,热释光技术已从早期的常规方法发展出前剂量方法和高温峰测定方法,一种快速无损的二氧化碳激光加热检测法亦已取得重要的进展.     

Raman spectroscopy can discriminate distinct glioma subtypes as defined by RNA expression profiling

Raman spectroscopy is a molecular spectroscopic technique that can measure the molecular composition of tissue samples within seconds without any extraction processes or dyes. In microbiology, Raman spectroscopy is used to identify bacteriae. In glioblastoma tissue, it was reported that necrosis, normal brain and tumor can be discriminated using Raman spectroscopy. Therefore, we hypothesized that Raman spectroscopy could discriminate glioblastoma tissue from different glioma subtypes defined by RNA expression profiling. We analyzed 20 glioma samples from two distinct molecular subtypes. Both subtypes consisted of glioblastoma samples showing a variety in glioma grading and typing. The Raman spectroscopic results could be grouped in two distinct clusters in an unsupervised cluster analysis. Further analysis of these clusters showed that they were fully congruent with the two clusters as defined by RNA expression profiling. Conclusion: our results demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy can discriminate between different molecular subtypes of glioma and, therefore, may prove to be a valuable tool in in vitro cancer research. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

In vivo study on the protection of indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C) against the mouse acute alcoholic liver injury by micro‐Raman spectroscopy

Micro‐Raman spectroscopy (MRS) was utilized for the first time to evaluate the effect of indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C) on acute alcoholic liver injury in vivo. In situ Raman analysis of tissue sections provided distinct spectra that can be used to distinguish alcoholic liver injury as well as ethanol‐induced liver fibrosis from the normal state. Sixteen mice with liver diseases including acute liver injury and chronic liver fibrosis, and eight mice with normal liver tissues, and eight remedial mice were studied employing the Raman spectroscopic technique in conjunction with biomedical assays. The biochemical changes in mouse liver tissue when liver injury/fibrosis occurs such as the loss of reduced glutathione (GSH), and the increase of collagen (α‐helix protein) were observed by MRS. The intensity ratio of two Raman peaks (I₁₄₅₀/I₆₆₆) and in combination with statistical analysis of the entire Raman spectrum was found capable of classifying liver tissues with different pathological features. Raman spectroscopy therefore is an important candidate for a nondestructive in vivo screening of the effect of drug treatment on liver disease, which potentially decreases the time‐consuming clinical trials. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

拉曼微区分析技术在古颜料研究中的应用

拉曼微区分析技术可进行空间分辨的原位无损检测,为其他现代分析技术所不及,文章介绍了这一分析技术在古代文稿、油画、水彩画、壁画、陶等颜料分析中的应用。