SYNTHESIS OF SnO2 NANOCRYSTALS BY SOLID STATE REACTION FOLLOWED BY CALCINATION

Nanocrystalline SnO2 was synthesized by direct mixing and grinding of SnCI4-5H2O and NaOH at room temperature, followed by calcination at different temperatures for different times in air. Product samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope, revealing that the amorphous precursor SnO2 was transformed to crystals at 200℃ for 3h, and that the average particle size increased upon raising the calcining temperature or prolonging the calcining time. The mechanism of the phase transformation of the products is discussed.     

爆轰波推动金属球壳的初始态分析

爆轰波推动金属介质是经常涉及到的工程问题。本文应用极曲线方法,分析了爆轰波作用下金属球壳初始运动状态,依赖于爆轰波速度和爆轰波与金属界面夹角。并与Freund,H.U.等所做的实验结果相比较。同时讨论了单层介质和复合层介质初始态的差异。     

用 KHT 状态方程计算炸药爆轰参数

调整了部分气态爆轰产物的ＫＨＴ状态方程参数及游离Ｃ的Ｃｏｗａｎ状态方程参数，应用新参数计算了典型单质炸药、混合炸药和燃料空气炸药的爆轰性能。结果表明，应用新参数得出的炸药爆轰性能更加接近实验值；对于含铝炸药，与文献相比，计算结果不仅与实验相符，而且体现了铝为高能添加剂的特点。     

厚板弹塑性混合状态Hamiltonian元的半解析法

采用初应力法并通过对增量形式Ｈｅｌｌｉｎｇｅｒ－Ｒｅｉｓｓｎｅｒ变分原理的修正，给出了厚板弹塑性分析的Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ正则方程及其相应的半解析法。此法在厚板平面内采用通常的有限元离散，而沿板厚方向采用状态空间法给出半解析解答。     

高能推进剂的撞击损伤状态对其燃烧稳定的影响

以大型落锤为加载手段,对高能ＮＥＰＥ推进剂试样产生损伤。扫描电镜观察,基体材料破坏,而固体颗粒无明显变化。热分析试验表明,损伤对以硝酸酯为主的基体材料的热分解有影响。密闭爆发器试验显示,损伤对燃烧稳定有明显影响。     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING FOR THIN PLATE-LIKE STRUCTURES INCLUDING SURFACE EFFECTS BY USING STATE SPACE METHOD

<正>A three-dimensional(3-D)approach based on the state space method is proposed to study size-dependent mechanical properties of ultra-thin plate-like elastic structures considering surface effects.The structure is modeled as a laminate composed of a bulk bounded with upper and bottom surface layers,which are allowed to have different material properties from the bulk layer.State equations,including the surface properties of the structure,can be established on the basis of 3-D fundamental elasticity to analyze the size-dependent static characteristics of the thin plate-like structure.Compared with two-dimensional plate theories based size-dependent models for thin film structures in literature,the present 3-D approach is exact,which can provide benchmark results to assess the accuracy of 2-D plate theories and various numerical approaches. To show the feasibility of the proposed approach,a 3-D analytical solution for a simply supported plate-like thin structure including surface layers is derived.An algorithm is proposed for the calculation of the state equations obtained to ensure that the numerical results can reveal the surface effects clearly even for extremely thin surface layers.Numerical examples are carried out to exhibit the surface effects and some discussions are provided based on the results obtained.     

LIMIT STATE DETERMINATION FOR A SUBWAY STATION STRUCTURE BY INCREMENTAL DYNAMIC ANALYSIS1)

-5 表征地下结构抗震性能的研究不多,而性能化设计方法需要确定结构物在地震作用下的极限状态. 本文根据地铁车站特点,从结构变形性能和止水性能两个方面定义了抗震性能的四个极限状态,并以结构最大层间位移角 作为特征指标. 以上海某多层地铁车站为背景,建立了土--结构二维有限元模型,采用增量动力分析法 研究该类结构的抗震极限状态,建立了增量动力分析法的地震动强度指标结构底部峰值加速度与结构性能指标最大层间位移角 的关系曲线,给出了该地铁车站结构4个极限状态的最大层间位移角界限值.     

STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF ELASTOPLASTIC BODIES WITH CRACK

A physical cut model is used to describe the changes in the stress-strain state(SSS)in elastoplastic bodies weakened by cracks. The distance between the crack edges is considered to be finite in contrast to the mathematical cut. The interactive layer with a thickness limited by the possibility of using the hypothesis of continuity is distinguished on the physical cut extension.Distribution of stresses and strains over the layer thickness is constant and does not depend on the geometry of the boundary between the cut and the interactive layer. The relationship between stresses and strains is determined by the deformation plasticity theory. The problem of plane strain or plane stress state of an arbitrary finite body weakened by a physical cut is reduced to solving a system of two variational equations for displacement fields in the body parts adjacent to the interactive layer. The proposed approach eliminates the singularity in stress distribution in contrast to the mathematical cut model. Use of local strength criteria allows us to determine the time, point and direction of the fracture initiation. Possibilities of the proposed model are illustrated by solving the problems of determining the SSS of a rectangular body weakened by a physical cut under symmetric and antisymmetric loadings.     

区域地壳稳定性研究现状与趋势

回顾了区域地壳稳定性发展历史及现状。区域稳定评价应和工程实际要求紧密结合 ,逐步实现由场地评价—场地利用—地质工程设计的转变 ;在理论上紧密结合“岩石圈动力学” ,“大陆动力学”等当代地球科学发展前沿 ;在分析评价上 ,考虑内外地球动力作用的耦合 ,将地球内外动力地质灾害统一起来分析 ,建立统一地质灾害动力学模型 ,最终实现区域地壳稳定性研究的系统化和定量化     

THE EQUILIBRIUM STATE OF A FLEXIBLE PENDULUM

In this paper the analytical solutions of the equilibrium states of a flexible pendulumwith oscillating base motions are given.     

非稳态纯滚动接触弹塑性分析

建立了二维弹塑性非稳态循环纯滚动接触有限元模型.材料本构采用一种较好的循环塑性模型,并通过材料用户子程序在通用有限元软件ABAQUS中自定义该本构模型.通过在弹塑性无限半空间表面上重复移动随时间按简谐规律变化的赫兹法向载荷来模拟非稳态循环纯滚动接触过程.通过数值模拟,得到接触表面附近的残余累积变形、应变和残余应力.不同的最大赫兹接触压力对残余应力和残余应变影响较大.在简谐变化的法向接触载荷作用下接触表面的变形呈波浪形,随着滚动次数的增加,该波状表面沿载荷移动相反方向逐渐移动,但移动速率要衰减.波状表面波谷处的残余应力、应变和变形大于波峰处.随滚动次数的增加,残余应力增大但很快趋于稳定,残余应变也增大但增大速率衰减.     

斜梁在热状态下非线性振动分岔

利用Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ原理及Ｍｅｌｎｉｋｏｖ函数法研究了斜梁在热状态下的非线性振动分岔,并讨论分析了温度、长高比、倾斜角对斜梁发生混沌运动区域的影响．     

微机械陀螺的发展现状

随着对微电子机械系统(MEMS)的深入研究和取得的进展,属于MEMS研究内容之一的微机械陀螺,在汽车工业需求的推动下,已经成为过去几十年内广泛研究和发展的主题.微机械陀螺与传统机械式陀螺、固体陀螺、光学陀螺等相比,具有成本低、尺寸小、重量轻、可靠性高等优点,其精度正不断得到提高,应用领域也随之不断扩大.本文首先简要介绍了微机械陀螺的定义及特征、性能指标、工作原理、分类以及加工技术,随后对已出现的不同类型微机械陀螺的结构、加工方式、工作原理以及性能进行了综述,最后对微机械陀螺的商业化现状以及发展趋势进行了展望.      

斜梁在热状态下非线性振动分岔

利用Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ原理及Ｍｅｌｎｉｋｏｖ函数法研究了斜梁在热状态下的非线性振动分岔,并讨论分析了温度、长高比、倾斜角对斜梁发生混沌运动区域的影响．     

油藏数值模拟发展现状

油藏数值模拟是以多相流体在多孔介质中流动的理论为基础,目前已广泛应用于油藏工程.本文就流体流动方程、数值计算方法、软件的开发和应用等方面,阐述了所谓黑油模型发展现状,同时介绍了组分模型和热采模型等其他类型模型.还就国内如何开展油藏模拟工作提出了建议.      

地球流变学研究现状

地球流变学研究地球介质的流变学性质、地质构造的形成和演化、地震的前兆及其发展、泥石流、岩浆流、冰川运动等地学问题。它是介于地球科学和力学之间的边缘学科。本文介绍地球流变学的进展,包括:岩石蠕变实验,利用观测数据反演地球流变学性质,岩石圈变形分析,动力热体系,地质构造、矿物颗粒的定向分布以及地震过程与流变学的关系。      

热爆炸临界状态的变分特性

本文利用热爆炸的临界状态是其定态方程分岔点的定义,给出了热爆炸临界参数的一个变分原理。泛函J（,）的极大值恰好是点火临界参数i;其极小值则是熄火临界参数e;其鞍点值是转点参数tr。     

用变分法估计热爆炸临界状态参数

本文利用作者给出的关于爆炸临界状态的变分原理,并用变分的直接方法,得到了六种不同形状(平板、无限长圆柱,球,无限长方形杆,有限长圆柱,正方体)系统的临界P-K参数和临界温度的近似公式,与精确的数值计算结果比较表明,对点火临界参数,本文公式均能给出较好的估计值。