计时电位法测定乙酰胆碱酯酶活性

报道了一种采用电化学计时电位法测定乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的方法。以碘化乙酰硫代胆碱作底物,将铂对电极和饱和甘汞参比电极浸入该底物溶液中,向两支铂电极上施加一个合适的恒电流,记录电位E随时间t的变化曲线。该曲线的斜率△E／△t代表酶催化水解的速度,从而反映出酶活性的大小。对固定化乙酰胆碱酯酶片获得了满意的测定结果。     

纳米铂微粒修饰电极上甲醛电催化氧化的电位振荡和电流振荡

通过阴极还原-阳极氧化法制备了钛基纳米铂微粒修饰电极, 扫描电镜观察发现, 分布于钛基体表面的氧化钛膜三维网状孔道中的纳米铂微粒具有高度分散状态. 采用多种电化学手段在该电极上不仅观察到甲醛在恒电流条件下产生的电位振荡, 而且在循环伏安和恒电位两种条件下均观察到强烈的电流振荡, 这进一步证明高度分散的纳米铂微粒使电极的催化活性大大提高, 促进了甲醛及其毒化中间产物的电催化氧化过程, 从而有利于电极上电化学振荡的产生. 研究结果还表明, 甲醛底物浓度、硫酸介质浓度、恒电位或恒电流大小等多种因素对振荡强度、范围或类型会产生规律性的影响.     

纳米铂直接修饰玻碳电极的制备及在半胱氨酸中的电化学行为

采用一步化学原位还原法将球形纳米铂颗粒直接修饰在玻碳电极上,用SEM、EDS和电化学方法对该电极进行表征并与铂片电极、裸玻碳电极进行了对比。结果表明,纳米铂修饰电极的峰电流与扫描速度呈线性关系,纳米铂在电极表面覆盖率为1.28×10-7mol/cm2。循环伏安法研究结果表明纳米铂修饰电极对半胱氨酸的催化氧化作用和铂片电极相比提高了数倍,且峰电位负移了0.3V。在纳米铂修饰的玻碳电极上,半胱氨酸的浓度在1.0×10-7mol/L到1.0×10-5mol/L范围内和催化电流呈线性关系。     

流动注射双安培法测定尿囊素的研究

基于尿囊素的不可逆氧化和氧化铂的不可逆还原构成的双安培检测体系,建立了测定尿囊素的电化学新方法.在外加电压为0.10V时,通过偶合尿囊素在一支电极上的氧化及氧化铂在另一支电极上的还原两个不可逆电极过程,构成流动注射双安培检测新体系.在pH=2.2的邻苯二甲酸氢钾-盐酸缓冲溶液中,测得尿囊素的氧化电流与其浓度在1.0×1...     

流动注射双安培法测定苯胺

应用苯胺在预阳极化的铂电极上的催化氧化过程,建立了流动注射双安培法直接检测苯胺的电化学新方法.在外加电压差为0.30V时,苯胺在预阳极化处理后铂电极上的和氧化铂在另一支铂电极上的还原为两个不可逆电极过程,在pH=9.94的碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠缓冲溶液中,苯胺的氧化电流与其浓度在4.0×10-6～1.0×10-4 mol/L...     

流动注射双安培法测定维生素P

建立了一种快速准确的在线分析测定维生素P的电化学新方法。基于维生素P在经预阳极化的铂电极上的催化氧化和不可逆电对的双安培检测原理,使用经过恒电位预阳极化处理的双铂电极,在外加电位差为0V时,通过偶合维生素P在一支电极上的氧化和氧化铂在另一支电极上的还原两个不可逆电极过程,构建流动注射双安培检测体系。维生素P的氧化电流与其浓度在0.6~60mg.L-1范围内呈线性关系(r=0.9985,n=9)。检出限为0.3mg.L-1。用该方法对芦丁片与槐米中维生素P含量进行了测定,有很高的选择性和灵敏度,且样品处理方法简单快速,适于在线分析。     

流动注射双安培法测定葛根素

利用不可逆电对的双安培检测原理,建立了流动注射双安培直接检测葛根素的电化学新方法.使用经过恒电位预阳极化处理的双铂电极,通过耦合葛根素在一支电极上的氧化和氧化铂在另一支电极上的还原两个不可逆电极过程,构成流动注射双安培检测体系.在外加电位差为0.2 V时,pH 8.94的碳酸钠-碳酸氢钠缓冲溶液中,测得氧化电流与葛根素浓度在6.0×10-6～1.0×10-3 mol/L范围内呈线性关系(r=0.997 4,n=8),检出限为1.0×10-6 mol/L.连续40次测定6.0 ×10-4 mol/L的葛根素,RSD=1.58%.用该方法对葛根素含量进行了测定,结果令人满意.     

流动注射双安培法测定水飞蓟素

使用一支经恒电位预阳极化处理的双铂电极,在外加电位差为0.2 V时,通过偶合水飞蓟素在一支电极上的氧化和氧化铂在另一支电极上的还原两个不可逆电极过程,在此基础上并结合流动注射技术提出了流动注射双安培法直接测定水飞蓟素的方法。在pH 5.02 B-R缓冲溶液中,水飞蓟素氧化峰电流与其浓度在4.0×10-5~8.0×10-4mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为2.0×10-5mol.L-1。连续20次测定1.0×10-4mol.L-1水飞蓟素标准溶液,所得相对标准偏差为3.3%。方法用于益肝灵片中水飞蓟素含量的测定,回收率为99.0%。     

茴香醛的直接电氧化合成研究

应用循环伏安和恒电位电解法研究了茴香醚在铂电极上直接电氧化行为.考查扫描速率、反应底物浓度、支持电解质和溶剂对该电氧化行为的影响.结果表明,茴香醚在铂电极上的氧化过程是不可逆的.在硫酸/丙酮溶液中,其响应峰电流最高,反应受扩散控制.经GC-MS检测,主要氧化产物为茴香醛,选择性为66.5%.     

流动注射双安培法测定联苯胺

基于联苯胺在预阳极化的铂电极上的催化氧化和不可逆电对的双安培检测原理,建立流动注射双安培直接检测联苯胺的新方法。使用经过恒电位预阳极化处理的双铂电极,在外加电压差为0.3 V时,通过偶合联苯胺在一支电极上的氧化和氧化铂在另一支电极上的还原两个不可逆电极过程,建立一种快速准确的在线分析测定联苯胺的流动注射双安培检测法。结果表明:在pH 5.2的KHC8H4O4-NaOH缓冲溶液中,外加电位差为0.3 V时测得联苯胺的氧化电流与其浓度在8.0×10-6~3.0×10-3mol/L范围内呈线性关系(r=0.9962,n=11)。检出限为1.0×10-6mol/L。连续20次测定1.0×10-4mol/L的联苯胺溶液,电流值RSD=1.9%。电极的稳定性良好,常见无机离子和有机物均不干扰测定。用该方法对样品中联苯胺进行了测定,样品处理方法简单,且有很高的选择性和灵敏性。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.