xLi2MnO3·(1-x)LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(x=0.1、0.2、0.3和0.4)固溶体材料性能研究

通过LiNO3与Mn(NO3)2的混合溶液与LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2粉体共混干燥后在900℃热处理12 h制备了xLi2MnO3.(1-x)LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(x=0.1、0.2、0.3和0.4)固溶体。随着x的增加,固溶体的XRD峰强度减弱,峰形变宽,而在20°~30°间的结构特征峰(LiMn6)更加明显;尽管固溶体的外观形貌为团聚状,但组成其的单颗粒平均粒径随着x增大,由x=0.1时的250 nm增大到x=0.4时的350 nm。随着充放电截止电压的升高,固溶体的放电比容量增大;在2.5~4.6 V间充放电,当x=0.2时,充放电的极化最小,放电平台最高;不同倍率充放电循环21周后发现随着x的增大,容量保持率从91.2%增加大105.6%。研究结果表明,Li2MnO3可以改善LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2材料的电化学性能。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2在LiNO_3溶液中的电化学性能研究

由溶胶凝胶法合成的锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2在水溶液体系中具有优异的高倍率充放电性能,放电时能够输出极高功率密度.XRD表征证明合成的LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2材料具有层状α-NaFeO2结构,SEM形貌显示材料的粒径约为500nm,恒电流充放电测试表明LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2材料在pH12的2mol·L-1LiNO3溶液中,以2C(0.36A/g)倍率充放时,比容量达到了147mAh/g.如以80C(14.4A/g)、150C(27A/g)和220C(39.6A/g)的倍率充放,材料的比容量仍可达到64mAh/g、33mAh/g和16mAh/g,而全电池的功率密度分别达到2574W/kg、3925W/kg、4967W/kg.其中80C倍率充放,经1000周循环后,容量保持率为90.9%.     

湿化学法合成LiNi_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Co_(1/3)O_2及其表征(英文)

利用琥珀酸为鳌合剂的湿化学法成功合成了一系列锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2,在合成过程中改变琥珀酸与金属离子摩尔比(R)并研究了这一参数对合成LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2材料物理及电化学性质的影响.采用热重、X射线衍射、Rietveld精修、扫描电镜以及超导量子干涉仪对反应机理、材料的结构、形貌以及磁学性质进行了详细表征.得到最佳合成条件为R=1,此时LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2的阳离子混排度最低.此外,通过Rietveld精修得到该材料阳离子混排度的结果与通过磁学方法得到的结果定量相符,如对于在R=1条件下合成的样品,Rietveld精修结果显示其阳离子混排度为1.85%,而超导量子干涉仪的测试结果为1.80%.当充放电区间为3.0-4.3V,电流密度为0.2C(1C=160mA·g-1)时,该样品的首次放电容量为161mAh·g-1,库仑效率为93.1%,经过50次循环后,容量保持率可达91.3%.     

三元正极材料前驱体Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2的连续合成与条件探究

以硫酸锰、硫酸镍、硫酸钴为原材料、NaOH和氨水分别为沉淀剂和络合剂,采用共沉淀法制备三元正极材料前驱体Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3(OH)₂. 探究了搅拌速度对造核颗粒形貌和晶核流量、氨水流量、浆料返流、搅拌桨对晶体结构、前驱体形貌、粒度及其粒度分布的影响. 物理表征结果表明,搅拌速度300 r•min^-1时,生成的晶核聚集成球形或类球形,分散性好,颗粒粒径4~5 μm;在造核金属液流量0.4L•h^-1,生长金属液流量1.72 L•h^-1,搅拌桨为推进式时,产物为单一相的β-Ni(OH)₂层状结构,粒度D₅₀为6~7 μm,振实密度≥2.0 g•cm^-3,比表面积6~10 m²•g^-1;电化学测试结果表明,在3.0~4.25 V电压范围内,0.2 C时,其首次放电容量为149.7 mAh•g^-1,循环100次后,容量保持率为94.09 %;产物满足高端三元正极材料厂家需求. 多釜串联工艺简单有效,具有可行性,有望用于三元正极材料前驱体的规模生产.     

Y2O3包覆LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2的电化学性能

通过在硝酸钇水溶液浸渍并焙烧的简单工艺, 在LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2材料表面包覆了一层Y2O3. 采用X射线衍射(XRD), 扫描电子显微镜(SEM), 透射电子显微镜(TEM), 循环伏安(CV)和恒流充放电对包覆和未包覆的LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2进行了测试分析. 结果表明, Y2O3包覆并没有改变LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2的晶体结构, 只存在于LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2的表面; 与未包覆的材料相比, Y2O3包覆后的材料在高电位下具有更好的容量保持率和放电容量. CV测试表明, 包覆层的存在有效抑制了材料层状结构的转变及电极与电解液的负反应.     

锌掺杂提高LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料的电化学稳定性

通过共沉淀法与固相法相结合制备了掺锌的高稳定性Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)1-xZnxO2(x=0,0.02,0.05)正极材料.循环伏安(CV)曲线表明Zn掺杂使氧化峰与还原峰的电势差减小到0.09 V,电化学阻抗谱(EIS)曲线表明Zn掺杂使电极的阻抗从266Ω减小到102Ω. Li+嵌入扩散系数从1.20×10-11 cm2·s-1增大到2.54×10-11 cm2· s-1. Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)0.98Zn0.02O2正极材料以0.3C充放电在较高的截止电压(4.6 V)下比其他两种材料的电化学循环性能更稳定,其第二周的放电比容量为176.2 mAh·g-1,室温下循环100周后容量几乎没衰减;高温(55°C)下充放电循环100周,其放电比容量平均每周仅衰减0.20%,远小于其他两种正极材料(LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2平均每周衰减0.54%;Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)0.95Zn0.05O2平均每周衰减0.38%). Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)0.98Zn0.02O2正极材料以3C充放电时其放电比容量可达142 mAh·g-1,高于其他两种正极材料.电化学稳定性的提高归因于Zn掺杂后减小了电极的极化和阻抗,增大了锂离子扩散系数     

纳米MgO掺杂改善LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料

将氢氧化物共沉淀法制备的(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)（OH）₂在500℃热处理5 h得到具有尖晶石结构、纳米尺寸的氧化物M₃O₄(M=Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3).将其与LiOH及不同量的纳米MgO混合均匀,并在850℃热处理24 h制备了Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)_1/xMg_xO₂（x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05）正极村料.随着Mg掺杂量的增大,正极材料的晶胞参数增大;少量的Mg掺杂增大了锂离子的扩散系数,而过度掺杂却使锂离子扩散系数有所降低,其中Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)_0.98Mg_0.02O₂的锂离子扩散系数最大,其脱出和嵌入扩散系数分别为D_Li-dein=29.20×10^-11cm²·S^-1和D_Li-in=4.760×10^-11cm²·s^-1;其以3C倍率充放电的平均放电比容量为139.3 mAh·g^-1,比未掺杂的原粉约高9.5 mAh·g^-1;另外其循环性能也得到了大幅度改善.     

Eu(OPri)3/Tb(OPri)3共掺杂P(MMA-co-St)

Eu(OPri)3/Tb(OPri)3共掺杂P(MMA-co-St);Eu(OPri)3/Tb(OPri)3;共掺杂;P(MMA-co-St);荧光性能     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2的制备及其电化学性能

以Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3(OH)2(2)和Li2CO3为原料,在空气气氛中,经过高温热处理工艺制备了高结晶度的锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(1)。正交试验确定最佳工艺条件为:2 0.3 mol,n(Li):n(2)=1.2,于950℃反应13 h。电化学性能研究结果表明,在2.7 V～4.6 V,电流密度16 mA.g-1时,1的首次放电比容量为203.4 mAh.g-1;经16 mA.g-1循环2次,32 mA.g-1循环9次,80 mA.g-1循环20次后放电比容量为164.1 mAh.g-1。     

氨蒸发诱导法制备纳米结构LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2及其作为高功率型锂离子电池正极材料的性能

采用氨蒸发诱导法成功制备出纳米结构LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2正极材料,借助X射线衍射(XRD)分析、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、高分辨率透射电镜(HRTEM)、能量分散谱(EDS)和比表面测试等表征手段及恒电流充放电测试研究了其晶体结构、微观形貌和电化学性能.研究表明该方法制备出的材料具有良好的α-NaFeO2层状结构,阳离子混排程度低.纳米片交错堆积而成核桃仁状形貌,片与片之间形成许多纳米孔,而且纳米片的侧面属于{010}活性面,能够提供较多的锂离子的脱嵌通道.在室温下及3.0-4.6 V充放电范围内,该材料在电流密度为0.5C、1C、3C、5C和10C时放电比容量分别为172.90、153.95、147.09、142.16和131.23mAh?g-1.说明其具有优异的电化学性能,非常有潜力用于动力汽车等高功率密度锂离子电池中.     

共沸蒸馏法制备高性能LiNi_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2正极材料

三元复合氧化物镍钴锰酸锂(LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2)因兼有LiNiO2和LiCoO2的优点,被认为是最有可能取代LiCoO2的新型正极材料而受到广泛关注.本文采用一种改进的共沉淀方法合成了LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2,以共沸蒸馏干燥前驱物.结果表明,共沸干燥法最终得到的产物比普通干燥法得到的产物具有更高的比容量、更好的循环性能以及更优的倍率性能.究其原因,可归结为共沸干燥得到的样品颗粒更小,且粒径分布更均匀,球形度高,比表面积大,促进了锂离子的扩散,因而提高了其电化学性能.     

Improved kinetics of LiNi(1/3)Mn(1/3)Co(1/3)O2 cathode material through reduced graphene oxide networks

An electronically conducting 3D network of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) was introduced into LiNi(1/3)Mn(1/3)Co(1/3)O(2) (LNMC) cathode material in a special nano/micro hierarchical structure. The rate test and cycling measurement showed that the hierarchical networks remarkably improve the high rate performance of LNMC electrode for lithium-ion batteries. The effect of RGO conducting networks on kinetic property was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiostatic intermittent titration (PITT). The EIS results reveal that the RGO network greatly decreases the resistance of lithium batteries, especially the charge transfer resistance which can be attributed to the significantly improved conducting networks. The enhancement of apparent diffusion coefficient by the RGO conducting networks is shown by PITT. The power performance was found to be limited by the electrical conduction in the two-phase region, which can be greatly facilitated by the hierarchical RGO network together with carbon black. The as-obtained LNMC/RGO cathode exhibits an outstanding electrochemical property supporting the design idea of electronically conducting 3D networks for the high-energy and high-power lithium-ion batteries.     

Low-temperature magnetic behavior of perovskite compounds PbFe(1/2)Ta(1/2)O3 and PbFe(1/2)Nb(1/2)O3

The isostructural perovskite compounds PbFe(1/2)Ta(1/2)O3 and PbFe(1/2)Nb(1/2)O3 have been known for long time, and they are part of the important class of materials called multiferroic, where ferroelasticity, ferroelectricity, and ferromagnetism coexist. In the literature regarding PbFe(1/2)Ta(1/2)O3 and PbFe(1/2)Nb(1/2)O3, an "anomaly" of their low-temperature magnetic behavior has not always been reported. Moreover, both the origin of this behavior, and the cause for which it was not always observed, were never completely explained. In this paper, the magnetic behavior of the two compounds at low temperature has been extensively studied and explained as the occurring of a spin-glasslike transition.     

回火处理对LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2结构和电化学性能的影响

以硝酸锂、四水合乙酸镍、四水合乙酸钴、四水合乙酸锰、氨水和草酸为原料,通过共沉淀-燃烧法合成了锂离子电池正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2,采用XRD、SEM和充放电试验对合成产物进行了表征,研究了回火处理对合成产物结构和电化学性能的影响.实验结果表明,嫩烧反应形成的LiNi1/3C1/3Mn31/3O2结...     

Tris(trimethylsilyl) borate as an electrolyte additive for high-voltage lithium-ion batteries using LiNi_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Co_(1/3)O_2 cathode

The influence of tris(trimethylsilyl) borate(TMSB) as an electrolyte additive on lithium ion cells have been studied using Li/Li Co_(1/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2 cells at a higher voltage,4.7 V versus Li/Li~+.1 wt% TMSB can dramatically reduce the capacity fading that occurs during cycling at room temperature(RT) and elevated temperature(60 °C).After 150 cycles at 1 C rate(1 C = 278 m Ah/g),the capacity retention of Li/Li Co_(1/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2 is up to near 72% in the electrolyte with TMSB added,while it is only about 35% in the baseline electrolyte.The electrochemical behaviors,the surface chemistry and structure of Li/Li Co_(1/3)Ni_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_2 cathode are characterized with charge/discharge test,linear sweep voltammetry(LSV),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS),thermal gravimetric analyses(TGA),scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).These analysis results reveal that the addition of TMSB is able to protectively modify the electrode CEI film in a manner that suppresses electrolyte decomposition and degradation of electrode surface structure,even though at both a higher voltage of 4.7 V and an elevated temperature of 60 °C.     

Detailed studies of a high-capacity electrode material for rechargeable batteries, Li2MnO3-LiCo(1/3)Ni(1/3)Mn(1/3)O2

Lithium-excess manganese layered oxides, which are commonly described by the chemical formula zLi(2)MnO(3)-(1-z)LiMeO(2) (Me = Co, Ni, Mn, etc.), are of great importance as positive electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. In this Article, Li(x)Co(0.13)Ni(0.13)Mn(0.54)O(2-δ) samples are prepared from Li(1.2)Ni(0.13)Co(0.13)Mn(0.54)O(2) (or 0.5Li(2)MnO(3)-0.5LiCo(1/3)Ni(1/3)Mn(1/3)O(2)) by an electrochemical oxidation/reduction process in an electrochemical cell to study a reaction mechanism in detail before and after charging across a voltage plateau at 4.5 V vs Li/Li(+). Changes of the bulk and surface structures are examined by synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). SXRD data show that simultaneous oxygen and lithium removal at the voltage plateau upon initial charge causes the structural rearrangement, including a cation migration process from metal to lithium layers, which is also supported by XAS. This is consistent with the mechanism proposed in the literature related to the Li-excess manganese layered oxides. Oxygen removal associated with the initial charge on the high voltage plateau causes oxygen molecule generation in the electrochemical cells. The oxygen molecules in the cell are electrochemically reduced in the subsequent discharge below 3.0 V, leading to the extra capacity. Surface analysis confirms the formation of the oxygen containing species, such as lithium carbonate, which accumulates on the electrode surface. The oxygen containing species are electrochemically decomposed upon second charge above 4.0 V. The results suggest that, in addition to the conventional transition metal redox reactions, at least some of the reversible capacity for the Li-excess manganese layered oxides originates from the electrochemical redox reaction of the oxygen molecules at the electrode surface.     

Local electronic structure of layered Li(x)Ni0.5Mn0.5O2 and Li(x)Ni(1/3)Mn(1/3)Co(1/3)O2

Samples of Li(x)Ni0.5Mn0.5O2 and Li(x)Ni(1/3)Mn(1/3)Co(1/3)O2 were prepared as active materials in electrochemical half-cells and were cycled electrochemically to obtain different values of Li concentration, x. Absorption edges of Ni, Mn, Co, and O in these materials of differing x were measured by electron energy loss spectrometry (EELS) in a transmission electron microscope to determine the changes in local electronic structure caused by delithiation. The work was supported by electronic structure calculations with the VASP pseudopotential package, the full-potential linear augmented plane wave code WIEN2K, and atomic multiplet calculations that took account of the electronic effects from local octahedral symmetry. A valence change from Ni2+ to Ni4+ with delithiation would have caused a 3 eV shift in energy of the intense white line at the Ni L3 edge, but the measured shift was less than 1.2 eV. The intensities of the "white lines" at the Ni L-edges did not change enough to account for a substantial change of Ni valence. No changes were detectable at the Mn and Co L-edges after delithiation either. Both EELS and the computational efforts showed that most of the charge compensation for Li+ takes place at hybridized O 2p states, not at Ni atoms.