Preparation and reactivity of metal-containing monomers

The kinetics and mechanism of thermal decay of an unsaturated copper carboxylate, Cu(OCOCH=CH₂)₂ (CuAcr₂), have been studied. At 190–240°C the rate of thermal decay can be adequately described by a set of zero and first order rate equations. The initial rate of decay,W ₀, is equal to 1.7·10¹⁷exp[-48500/(RT)] s^–1. The decay products of CuAcr₂ were analyzed by IR and mass spectroscopy as well as by optical microscopy. It has been established that the thermal decay of the monomer under study is accompanied by polymerization, fragmentation, and recombination processes in the solid phase which produce polymeric agglomerates.For part 25, seeIzv.Akad.Nauk, Ser.Khim., 1993, 76 [Russ. Chem. Bull., 1993,42, 66].Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 303–307, February, 1993.     

Investigation of polyimide formation from the complexes of the diester of benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid with diamines 7. Role of theo-carboxylic group of acid diester in the formation and imidization of H-complexes

The kinetics of thermal imidization of various H-complexes of semiesters of bis(o-phthalic) acids with diamines was studied. The activation energy of the imidization was shown to increase with increasing pK_a value of the diamine andE _a value of the dianhydride and with decreasing nucleophilicity of the alcohol used for the synthesis of H-complexes. The experimental kinetic data and the results of quantum chemical calculations of the heats of formation of the initial H-complexes and transition states made it possible to propose a mechanism for the imidization reaction. This mechanism takes into account the catalytic effect of the carboxylic group of the semiester in theo-position with respect to the ester group.For report 6, seeIzv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Khim., 1993, 300 [Russ. Chem. Bull., 1993,42, 255 (Engl. Transl.)].Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1060–1065, June, 1995.     

The synthesis of 4-(2,6,10-trimethyl-1,3,5,9-undecatetraenyl)benzoic acid based on alkoxy alkene-acetal condensation

4-(2,6,10-Trimethyl-1,3,5,9-undecatetraenyl)benzoic acid (1) was synthesized starting from ethyl 4-formylbenzoate (2) and linalool. The key intermediate, ethyl 4-(2-methyl-3-oxo-1-propenyl)benzoate (5), was obtained by the addition of diethyl acetal (3), prepared from2, to ethyl 1-propenyl ether (EPE) followed by the hydrolysis of the resulting adduct.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 914–915, May, 1993.     

Heterogeneous microporous structures and adsorption properties of carbon adsorbents

A theoretical basis for calculating parameters of the pore structure of active carbons is considered. Active carbons are classified into four types according to their dispersion and mesopore surface areas. The parameters of micro- and mesopores of active carbons produced in different countries have been determined from benzene vapor adsorption isotherms at 293 K. The differences in parameters of the Dubinin—Stoeckly equation found from adsorption isotherms of different compounds are noted.For part 11, seeIzv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Khim., 1990, 2691 [Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Div. Chem. Sci., 1990,39, 2438 (Engl. Transl.)].Deceased July 13, 1993.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1373–1376, August, 1993.     

Nitropyrazoles

A preparative method of synthesis of 3-nitro-4-cyanopyrazole (1) from the available 3-amino-4-cyanopyrazole was developed. Chemical conversions of1 were studied, and 3-nitro-4-R-pyrazoles (R = CO₂H, CONH₂, NHCO₂Me, NH₂, Br, NO₂), as well as 3,5-dinitro-4-methoxycarbonylaminopyrazole were obtained starting from1.For part 4 see ref. 1.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1616–1618, September, 1993.     

Structure of products of the reaction of 2-cyanoaziridine with carbonyl compounds

The structure of azimexone (3), the product of the reaction of 2-cyanoaziridine with acetone, was confirmed on the basis of¹H and¹³C NMR spectra. The formation of this product is accounted for by the -aziridinoalkylating action of an intermediate containing a good leaving iminoyloxy group. Similar reactions were observed for 1-chloromethylaziridine and a 1-aziridinylmethylammonium salt (6), but not for 1-methoxymethylaziridine (7) and 1-aziridinemethanol.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2136–2139, December, 1993.     

Synthesis of 4-acetyl-5(3)-amino-3(5)-methylpyrazoles and pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines from diacetylketeneN,S-acetal

Isomeric 4-acetyl-5-amino-3-methyl- and 4-acetyl-3-amino-5-methylpyrazoles (2, 3) were formed in the reaction of hydrazines with 3-[amino(methylthio)methylene]pentan-2,4-dione (1) (diacetylketeneN,S-acetal). Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines (5a,b) were synthesized by condensation of 4-acetyl-5-amino-1,3-dimethylpyrazole (2a) with amide dimethylacetals followed by treatment with ammonium acetate. The structures of the compounds obtained were confirmed by¹³C and¹⁵N NMR spectroscopy.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1429–1433, August, 1993.     

Free-radical reactions of carbohydrate derivatives in the synthesis of carbocyclic compounds

The decisive influence of the carboxyl group on the methanolysis of 3-methoxy-4-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-oxabicyclo[2.2.1.]heptanes was proved experimentally, and several routes of conversion of the latter to the corresponding cyclopentanes were found.For Communication 1 see Ref. ¹ This work was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 1989–1991, November, 1993.     

Interaction of 1-tert-perfluorobutyl-3,3-di(perfluoromethyl)-2-aziridinone with weak nucleophiles

The title perfluoro--lactam (1) was found to react with N,N-dimethylformamide to give initially a betaine (2) which undergoes ring enlargement to produce the isomeric 2-dimethylamino-3,4,4-tri(perfluoroalkyl)substituted 5-oxazolidone (3). Related betaines were also obtained on reaction of1 with pyridine, quinoline, benzalaniline, andp-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 372–374, February, 1993.     

Metathesis of spirocyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-7,1'-cyclopropane

Metathesis of spirocyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-7,1'-cyclopropane and its co-metathesis with norbornene and 5-decene on homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems were carried out for the first time. The reactions were shown to proceed with retention of the spirosystem.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 138–139, January, 1993.     

Electrophilic 1,5-addition of acyl chlorides to the azocyclopropane system of spiro(1-pyrazoline-3,1′-cyclopropanes)

1-Pyrazolines1–4, which contain a spiro cyclopropane fragment at the adjacent azo group, react selectively with acetyl (benzoyl) chloride or acetic anhydride in the presence of AlCl₃ to give high yields of the corresponding 1-acyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)-2-pyrazolines5–8, adducts of electrophilic 1,5-addition of acyl chlorides to the conjugated azocyclopropane system.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 1993–1996, November, 1994.This study was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No. 94-03-08902).     

Chiral and phase transfer agents

Starting from 1,32,4-di-O-ethylidene-D-glucitol (1), two regioisomeric monoaza-18-crown-6 ethers withC ₂ symmetry were synthesized. A simple route was suggested for the preparation of a diol that is a convenient intermediate for the synthesis of chiral aza-crown ethers from diol1.For Part 7, see ref. 1.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 782–785, April, 1993.     

Crown-containing styryl dyes

Styryl dyes containing a crown ether group and a heteroaromatic moiety with a sulfoalkylN-substituent (1a,b) undergo photocyclodimerization in acetonitrile in the presence of Mg(ClO₄)₂ to give only the typeA isomer of cyclobutane derivative (2a,b). The photochemical regio- and stereoselectivity of the cycloaddition is explained by self-organization of thetrans-isomers of the styryl dyes upon complexation with the Mg²⁺ cations into dimers with a fixed mutual arrangement of multiple bonds.For part 7, see ref. 1.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1449–1452, August, 1993.     

A novel approach to the synthesis of benzoic and cinnamic acid derivatives with nor-isoprenoid substituents

A novel strategy for the synthesis of 4-(nor-polyprenyl)-substituted benzoic acids and their esters of the general formula1 as well as their vinylogs of the type2, based on the use of terephthalic aldehyde (3) and its tetramethyl acetal (13), is elaborated. The carbonyl groups in dialdehydes3 and12 can be selectively involved in the reaction sequences leading to the introduction of both aliphatic and functional substituents in positions 1 and 4 of the benzene ring.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 910–913, May, 1993.     

Comparative study of the reactions ofn-BuMgBr andn-BuLi with cyclododecanone

The composition of the products obtained in the reactions ofn-BuMgBr andn-BuLi with cyclodecanone (1) has revealed that1 exhibits the properties of a sterically hindered ketone. The highest yield of 1-butylcyclododecanol (2) was achieved with the use ofn-BuMgBr, but in this case cyclododecanol was also formed, whereas the use ofn-BuLi led to the tertiary alcohol more distinctly. Dehydration of alcohol2 resulted in a mixture of three olefins containing up to 90 % ofE- andZ- isomers of 1-butylcyclododecene.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 907–909, May, 1993.     

A comparative study of the synthetic paths from 1-butyne to 2E,4Z-heptadien-1-ol

2E,4Z-Heptadien-1-ol (1), the key intermediate in the synthesis of the grapevine moth sex pheromone, was obtained from 1-butyne by a number of alternative procedures, including various variants of the stereocontrolled building of the conjugatedE,Z-diene system (Cadiot—Chodkiewicz cross-coupling, alkyne—vinyl halide cross-coupling catalyzed by palladium complexes, anionotropic allylic rearrangement, partialcis- andtrans-reduction of the triple bond). None of them could provide for configurational uniformity of1. The most acceptable path to obtain1 in multigram amounts appears to be that which proceeds via the conjugated diynol and enynol intermediates with subsequent catalyticcis-hydrogenation.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 769–772, April, 1993.     

Preparation and reactivity of metal-containing monomers

Metal-containing monomers based on vinyl derivatives of heterocycles (4-vinylpyridine, 3,5-dimethyl-1-vinylpyrazole, 2-methyl-5-vinyltetrazole) and NiCl₂, CoCl₂, CrCl₃ have been prepared and characterized by chemical analysis, IR and electron spectroscopy. By means of spectral methods, the complex formation has been shown to involve N atom of the heterocycle, while the exocyclic C = C bond does not participate in the process. The structure of polyhedrons formed has been characterized both in the solid state and in methanol or DMF. The comparison of splitting parameters for different symmetries indicates that in passing from five-membered to six-membered vinylheterocycles, the strength of the ligand field is greatly enhanced.For part 24, seeIzv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Khim., 1992, 2066 [Bull.Russ.Acad.Sci.Div.Chem.Sci., 1992,41, 1609].Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 76–80, January, 1993.     

Pheromones ofColeoptera

Racemic 2,6-dimethyioctyl formate (1), a synthetic analog of the aggregation pheromone of two species ofTribolium beetles, has been obtained in six steps and in 28 % overall yield starting from methyl ethyl ketone, vinyl bromide, and 2-methylpropenal. The key step of the synthesis is the sigmatropic [3,3]-rearrangement of 4-ethyl-2,4-dimethyl-1,5-hexadien-3-ol (5) to 2,6-dimethyl-5-octenal (6).For Part 11 see Ref.1.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 773–775, April, 1993.     

Nitropyrazoles

The double Vilsmeier formylation of theC-methyl group in pyrazole derivatives has been shown to occur when a nitro-group is in the adjacent position of the ring. A method for the synthesis ofC-(diformylmethyl)nitropyrazoles based on this reaction has been developed.For the previous communication, see Ref. 1; for Part 2, see Ref.2 Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1273–1276, July, 1993.     

1H,13C NMR spectral data for α-, β-, and γ-lewisites and identification ofcis,trans, trans-γ-lewisite as a new isomer

The¹H and¹³C NMR spectral parameters of α-, β-, and y-lewisites1–5 were obtained and a new isomer,cis,trans,trans-γ-lewisite5, was isolated and identified on the basis of chemical shifts, relative intensities of the signals, and the intra-chain (³ J _hh ,³ J _ch ) and interchain (³ J _casch ) coupling constants. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 1833–1835, October, 1993.