Response to the Letter to the Editor

Journal of Nanoparticle Research -     

Melting from one to two to three dimensions

The transformation of a crystalline solid into a liquid, seeming to have no precursor and no intermediate states, has challenged scientists for over a century. The search for the fundamental mechanism stimulated the development of quantum mechanics, concepts of the roles of dimensionality and topological order in condensed matter, and experimental techniques to test the theories. We now understand that the transition begins at lower temperatures than the melting point of the bulk. It starts at the edges of crystal planes, progresses across the surface, evolves into the successive melting of atomic layers, and ends in bulk phase coexistence. The memory of the process remains within a few molecular distances at the crystal-melt interface.     

The need to certify products to CDRH Regulations

Laser products that are sold in the United States are required to comply with the regulations published by the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) within the US Food and Drug Administration [1]. The need to certify products is straightforward in most instances, however, the applicability of the regulations is not as clear for: lasers sold only to Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) as components for incorporation into end-use products, end-use products that contain lasers which have already been certified by their manufacturers, and end-use products that are being imported into the US and that already comply with international laser safety standards. This article will discuss these applications in an attempt to clarify the need for certification by laser product manufacturers and importers. The discussion applies equally for lasers and laser systems.     

Attempt to generalize fractional-order electric elements to complex-order ones

The complex derivative D~(α±jβ), with α, β∈ R+ is a generalization of the concept of integer derivative, where α = 1,β = 0. Fractional-order electric elements and circuits are becoming more and more attractive. In this paper, the complexorder electric elements concept is proposed for the first time, and the complex-order elements are modeled and analyzed.Some interesting phenomena are found that the real part of the order affects the phase of output signal, and the imaginary part affects the amplitude for both the complex-order capacitor and complex-order memristor. More interesting is that the complex-order capacitor can do well at the time of fitting electrochemistry impedance spectra. The complex-order memristor is also analyzed. The area inside the hysteresis loops increases with the increasing of the imaginary part of the order and decreases with the increasing of the real part. Some complex case of complex-order memristors hysteresis loops are analyzed at last, whose loop has touching points beyond the origin of the coordinate system.     

端到端网络流量的混合估计方法(英文)

利用主成分分析法获取端到端网络流量的主要特征分量并获得其初始估计结果.为克服其初值敏感性将估计结果作为遗传算法的初始值、链路流量估计偏差作为遗传算法的适应度函数,通过构建合适的交叉和变异概率函数来控制遗传算法的交叉和变异过程.采用合适的约束迭代函数,利用遗传算法通过迭代寻优获得端到端流量的估计结果,仿真结果表明所提出的方法是可行的.     

A chemometric method to identify enzymatic reactions leading to the transition from glycolytic oscillations to waves

In the present work we demonstrate that FTIR-spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the time resolved and noninvasive measurement of multi-substrate/product interactions in complex metabolic networks as exemplified by the oscillating glycolysis in a yeast extract. Based on a spectral library constructed from the pure glycolytic intermediates, chemometric analysis of the complex spectra allowed us the identification of many of these intermediates. Singular value decomposition and multiple level wavelet decomposition were used to separate drifting substances from oscillating ones. This enabled us to identify slow and fast variables of glycolytic oscillations. Most importantly, we can attribute a qualitative change in the positive feedback regulation of the autocatalytic reaction to the transition from homogeneous oscillations to travelling waves. During the oscillatory phase the enzyme phosphofructokinase is mainly activated by its own product ADP, whereas the transition to waves is accompanied with a shift of the positive feedback from ADP to AMP. This indicates that the overall energetic state of the yeast extract determines the transition between spatially homogeneous oscillations and travelling waves.     

Metropolitan Optical Networks: When to Change to DWDM

In this article we propose a new methodology to estimate the change in the bandwidth demand in time, mainly in residential areas. The bandwidth demand forecast is a basic aspect to decide the evolution of metropolitan optical networks. The word evolution refers to the necessity of making changes in networks, either by upgrading or replacing different elements that are part of the network. This analysis, along with a technological alternatives analysis, provides the operator the needed information to achieve the appropriate network planning and to make investment decisions.     

An attempt to relate area-preserving diffeomorphisms to Kac-Moody algebras

In the same way as the Virasoro algebra can be connected with Kac-Moody algebras defined on the S ¹ circle, the area-preserving diffeomorphism algebra SDiff(), where is a two-dimensional surface, acts as a derivation algebra on super Kac-Moody algebras with one or two supersymmetries. Then a Sugawara-like construction with fermions of the nonextended SDiff() algebra is discussed.     

Metropolitan Optical Networks: When to Change to DWDM

In this article we propose a new methodology to estimate the change in the bandwidth demand in time, mainly in residential areas. The bandwidth demand forecast is a basic aspect to decide the evolution of metropolitan optical networks. The word evolution refers to the necessity of making changes in networks, either by upgrading or replacing different elements that are part of the network. This analysis, along with a technological alternatives analysis, provides the operator the needed information to achieve the appropriate network planning and to make investment decisions.