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1.
以氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料、丙酮肟(DMKO)为还原剂和氮掺杂剂,采用化学还原法制备了不同氮掺杂含量的石墨烯(NG). 利用场发射透射电子显微镜(FETEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、zeta 电位和纳米粒度分析、循环伏安(CV)和旋转圆盘电极(RDE)等手段对材料的形貌、结构、成分和电化学性质进行表征. 结果显示:DMKO能有效地还原GO,且通过调节GO与DMKO的质量比,可以得到不同还原效果的NG,其氮含量范围为4.40%-5.89%(原子分数);GO与DMKO的质量比为1:0.7时制备的氮掺杂石墨烯(NG-1)在O2饱和0.1 mol·L-1 KOH溶液中对氧还原反应(ORR)的电催化性能最佳,其ORR峰电流为0.93 mA·cm-2,电子转移数为3.6,这归因于其较高含量的吡啶-N增加了材料的ORR活性位点. 此外,石墨化-N由于其较高的电子导电性倾向于产生较高的氧还原峰电流,而吡啶-N较低的超电势倾向于产生较正的氧还原峰电位. 与商用Pt/C相比,该材料展现出了优异的抗CH3OH“跨界效应”的特性.  相似文献   

2.
以氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料、丙酮肟(DMKO)为还原剂和氮掺杂剂,采用化学还原法制备了不同氮掺杂含量的石墨烯(NG).利用场发射透射电子显微镜(FETEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、zeta电位和纳米粒度分析、循环伏安(CV)和旋转圆盘电极(RDE)等手段对材料的形貌、结构、成分和电化学性质进行表征.结果显示:DMKO能有效地还原GO,且通过调节GO与DMKO的质量比,可以得到不同还原效果的NG,其氮含量范围为4.40%-5.89%(原子分数);GO与DMKO的质量比为1:0.7时制备的氮掺杂石墨烯(NG-1)在O2饱和0.1 mol·L-1KOH溶液中对氧还原反应(ORR)的电催化性能最佳,其ORR峰电流为0.93 mA·cm-2,电子转移数为3.6,这归因于其较高含量的吡啶-N增加了材料的ORR活性位点.此外,石墨化-N由于其较高的电子导电性倾向于产生较高的氧还原峰电流,而吡啶-N较低的超电势倾向于产生较正的氧还原峰电位.与商用Pt/C相比,该材料展现出了优异的抗CH3OH"跨界效应"的特性.  相似文献   

3.
石墨烯因独特的性质和潜在的应用在过去十年受到广泛重视。得益于石墨烯研究的繁荣,氧化石墨烯作为石墨烯的最常见的衍生物,近年来也获得广泛的研究。氧化石墨烯不仅可以通过高温退火还原得到光电性质都类似石墨烯的还原氧化石墨烯,而且因其结构中存在羧基、羰基和羟基等含氧基团,为石墨烯的性能调控提供了可能。常见的做法是通过引入外来原子比如氮原子来调控石墨烯的化学催化和光电性质。然而至今在氮掺杂石墨烯的研究中,氮的类型和所处化学环境对石墨烯电学性能的影响尚不清楚,而这会影响石墨烯后续的电学和催化应用。因此,合成特定类型的氮掺杂石墨烯并研究其对后续应用的影响是必要的。我们通过氧化石墨烯和邻芳基二胺的希夫碱缩合反应成功合成了吡嗪和吡啶氮掺杂石墨烯,研究了氮的类型对石墨烯电学性能的影响。吡嗪氮掺杂的石墨烯表现出弱的n型掺杂,而强吸电子的三氟甲基基团的引入,会让吡嗪氮掺杂的石墨烯由弱n型掺杂转变为明显的p型掺杂。当在吡嗪氮中同时引入吡啶氮时,石墨烯也表现为弱的p型掺杂。因此,石墨烯的性能可以通过控制吸电子基团和掺杂不同类型的氮来实现精细调控,从而为石墨烯的应用提供更多潜在可能。  相似文献   

4.
随着绿色化学的逐渐推广,碳材料作为最有前途的绿色无金属催化剂而备受关注。通过对石墨烯引入杂原子进行化学掺杂是目前最常用于改良碳材料催化活性的有效方法。从结构上看,掺杂石墨烯内特定活性物种在催化过程中起到活性位点的作用,且催化剂的催化活性随活性位点含量增加而增强。且其内部活性位点含量可通过改变制备方法中制备条件实现调控,这有助于开发具有高催化活性的掺杂石墨烯催化剂。本文综述了氮掺杂石墨烯和硼掺杂石墨烯内可作为活性位点的官能团,提出制备方法对活性位点含量的影响,并讨论了内部活性位点在氧化反应中的作用。最后对未来研究方向提出了建议和展望,为开发更高效掺杂石墨烯催化剂提供了思路。  相似文献   

5.
王丽  马俊红 《物理化学学报》2001,30(7):1267-1273
采用高温热解聚苯胺修饰的氧化石墨烯(PANI-GO),得到了氮掺杂的还原氧化石墨烯碳材料(N-RGO),以其负载Pt 制备了Pt/N-RGO纳米结构电催化剂. 采用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X 射线衍射(XRD)谱及拉曼光谱等技术对N-RGO和Pt/N-RGO的形貌及结构进行了表征,用循环伏安、计时电流等电化学技术研究了Pt/N-RGO电极催化剂对CO溶出反应和甲醇电氧化反应的催化性能. 结果表明:高温热解PANIGO可同时实现GO的还原及其氮掺杂的过程,氮掺杂引起还原氧化石墨烯碳材料表面缺陷结构和导电性的增加;与相应的未掺杂氮样品Pt/RGO相比较,Pt/N-RGO样品上Pt 颗粒的分散更均匀,显示出更强的抗CO毒化能力和更高的甲醇电氧化催化活性及稳定性.  相似文献   

6.
N掺杂石墨烯作为一种具有较高活性和稳定性的氧还原反应(ORR)催化剂,受到人们的广泛关注。然而不同的N掺杂类型对氧还原活性的影响一直存在争议。本文通过密度泛函理论分别对石墨型和吡啶型两种N掺杂石墨烯的ORR活性进行比较研究。能带结构分析表明,石墨氮掺杂石墨烯(GNG)的导电性随掺N量的增加而降低;吡啶氮掺杂石墨烯(PNG)的导电性则随掺N量的增加先提高后降低。当N掺杂浓度达到4.2%(原子分数)时,PNG具有最优导电性。且当N掺杂浓度大于1.4%时,PNG的导电率总是高于GNG。氧还原自由能阶梯曲线发现O2的质子化是整个氧还原过程的潜在控制步骤。在同等氮掺杂浓度下,O2的质子化自由能能变在GNG上低于在PNG上,意味着若在同等电子传输能力的情况下,GNG具有比PNG更优异的催化活性。进一步分析发现:当N掺杂浓度在低于2.8%时,GNG和PNG导电性差异小,其催化ORR活性由O2质子化反应难易程度决定,GNG的催化活性优于PNG;当N掺杂浓度高于2.8%时,氮掺杂石墨烯的电子传输性能(导电性)成为决定催化剂ORR活性的主要因素,因此PNG表现出较GNG更高的活性。  相似文献   

7.
采用高温热解聚苯胺修饰的氧化石墨烯(PANI-GO),得到了氮掺杂的还原氧化石墨烯碳材料(N-RGO),以其负载Pt制备了Pt/N-RGO纳米结构电催化剂.采用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)谱及拉曼光谱等技术对N-RGO和Pt/N-RGO的形貌及结构进行了表征,用循环伏安、计时电流等电化学技术研究了Pt/N-RGO电极催化剂对CO溶出反应和甲醇电氧化反应的催化性能.结果表明:高温热解PANIGO可同时实现GO的还原及其氮掺杂的过程,氮掺杂引起还原氧化石墨烯碳材料表面缺陷结构和导电性的增加;与相应的未掺杂氮样品Pt/RGO相比较,Pt/N-RGO样品上Pt颗粒的分散更均匀,显示出更强的抗CO毒化能力和更高的甲醇电氧化催化活性及稳定性.  相似文献   

8.
以热解氧化石墨烯材料为碳基底,分别使用有机氮源和无机氮源对其进行氮掺杂处理,制备了一系列氮掺杂石墨烯材料.采用透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱和X射线光电子能谱等表征方法考察了氮掺杂石墨烯的生长机理.结果表明,随着制备过程中退火温度的改变,氮掺杂石墨烯中不同氮物种的含量有显著差别.这种差异是由不同氮物种化学环境的差异所导致的.所制备的含氮石墨烯材料对乙苯选择性氧化制苯乙酮反应均表现出优良的催化活性.其中,石墨氮的含量对于提高苯乙酮收率起到至关重要的作用.此外,通过氧化剂控制活化的方法可以消除过多的结构缺陷和过量氮掺杂对催化反应的不利影响,有效提升氮掺杂石墨烯的催化活性.  相似文献   

9.
采用高温热退火方法制备了氮掺杂的石墨烯,并制备了氮掺杂石墨烯修饰玻碳电极(NG/GCE),研究其对鸟嘌呤的电催化氧化作用.实验考察了溶液pH值、扫速、鸟嘌呤浓度的影响.结果表明,鸟嘌呤在NG/GCE上的氧化是不可逆过程,修饰电极可以增强鸟嘌呤在电极表面的吸附,对鸟嘌呤具有很好的电催化氧化性能,降低了鸟嘌呤氧化电位.在pH=7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中检测鸟嘌呤,其氧化峰电流在5.0×10-6~1.0×10-4 mol/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(3σ)为1.0×10-6 mol/L.  相似文献   

10.
通过两步溶剂热法制备得到三维氮掺杂石墨烯与吡啶氧基钴酞菁的复合材料(CoTPPc/NGA).该复合材料具有优良的氧气还原性能,在起峰电位和半波上接近商业化的铂碳催化剂(Pt/C),且在稳定性和抗甲醇性能上优于铂碳催化剂,有望代替铂碳催化剂成为碱性直接甲醇燃料电池的阴极催化剂.  相似文献   

11.
    
Graphene oxide was an effective supporting material for immobilizing a dioxomolybdenum Schiff base complex via covalent interaction. The large surface of graphene oxide plays important roles to obtain a good degree of catalytic reaction. Catalytic capacity of the graphene-bound dioxomolybdenum Schiff base complex was investigated for the oxidation of various sulfides to sulfoxide compounds using hydrogen peroxide urea as an oxidant. The catalyst was characterized by various techniques including XRD, FTIR, TGA, SEM, UV–vis, and ICP-AES. The immobilized complex was very efficient with the extra benefits of easy recovery and recycling of the heterogeneous catalyst. The graphene oxide bound dioxomolybdenum Schiff base complex was reused for several runs without meaningful loss in catalytic activity.  相似文献   

12.
Cobalt(II), iron(III) or oxovanadium(II) Schiff base metal complexes have been covalently grafted onto graphene oxide ( GO ) previously functionalized with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Potential catalytic behaviors were tested in the epoxidation of styrene, using air as the oxidant. The catalysts were characterized using infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analyses, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES), X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses and ICP‐AES confirmed the successful incorporation of the metal Schiff base complexes onto GO . X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, Raman spectroscopy, SEM and TEM showed the intact structure of the GO . Co-GO and Fe-GO showed high styrene conversion (90.8 versus 86.7%) and epoxide selectivity (63.7 versus 51.4%). Nevertheless, VO-GO showed poorer catalytic performance compared with Co-GO and Fe-GO . The recycling results of these heterogeneous catalysts showed good recoverability without significant loss of activity and selectivity within four successive runs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

13.
    
The development of inexpensive, highly active and non-noble catalysts for the methanol oxidation reaction is extremely desirable for the practical use of direct-methanol fuel cells. Here, we have developed a template-free hydrothermal synthesis followed by calcination to produce highly active hybrid material of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) supported NiCo2O4 (NiCo2O4/rGO) nano-rods as a non-expensive electro-catalyst for methanol oxidation. The electrochemical performance of the prepared NiCo2O4/rGO spinel catalyst was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Impressively, the NiCo2O4/rGO showed greater electrocatalytic activity (78 mA/cm2) and stability during methanol oxidation in comparison to that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst, which was 3.11 folds higher than the commercial Pt/C (25.08 mA/cm2). The NiCo2O4/rGO electrode also maintained its remarkable catalytic stability even after consecutive 500 cycles, which was ∼50 times higher than that of the commercial Pt/C. The overall electroactivity of NiCo2O4/rGO was remarkably enhanced by the synergistic effect between NiCo2O4 and rGO. This may be due to the formation of mixed-valence cations of Ni2+ and Co3+ from the octahedral sites and high electron-transfer conductivity of rGO as well.  相似文献   

14.
    
High-performance gas sensors can offer great potentials for monitoring and detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in both domestic and industrial environment. In the present work, a new HCHO gas sensor was constructed with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) induced by the oximation reaction. The gas-sensing performance test results suggested that the RGO hydroxylamine hydrochloride (RGO/HA-HCl) sensor presented a high response of 75% at 16 ppm HCHO at room temperature, and a high selectivity for HCHO suffering little interference with high concentrations of volatile organic compounds, including methanol, ethanol, and methylbenzene, dichloromethane and water. Additionally, the RGO/HA-HCl sensor also showed a good long-term stability with RSD of 5.83% for a 15-day continuous sensing test, and the detection limit (DL) could reach 0.023 ppm under ambient conditions. Moreover, the mechanism for the high sensitivity and selectivity of formaldehyde was further established by in-situ gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). This work would provide a reliable new HCHO gas sensor which could be used for monitoring and forewarning the emission of HCHO for a better protection and improvement of our environment.  相似文献   

15.
Phthalocyanine-based field-effect transistors as gas sensors   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In this review molecular field-effect transistors are described and compared with their gate-modified inorganic counterparts. The different processes involved in gas sensing are summarized. The advantages of transistors on resistors are demonstrated. The sensitivity of molecular field-effect transistors to strong oxidizing species, for example ozone, is detailed and compared with their sensitivity to humidity and volatile organic compounds. Application to ozone monitoring in urban atmospheres is also described.  相似文献   

16.
采用了滴涂法制备了还原氧化石墨烯@DNA修饰电极,采用了循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)两种电化学方法,探究了还原氧化石墨烯@DNA修饰电极对Cu~(2+)电催化活性和氧化峰电流与Cu~(2+)浓度之间的关系。实验结果表明,DNA和还原氧化石墨烯所修饰的电极对Cu~(2+)具有优异的电催化活性。即时电流响应信号同Cu~(2+)的浓度线性方程为i(μA)=-2.098 8-0.538 5c(×10~(-5) mol/L),线性相关系数R=0.996,最低检出限为1×10~(-8) mol/L。并且修饰电极具有良好的重现性和稳定性。  相似文献   

17.
罗细亮  徐静娟  陈洪渊 《分析化学》2004,32(10):1395-1400
综述了场效应晶体管生物传感器的研究进展。介绍了场效应晶体管生物传感器的原理、分类及其生物功能物质的固定化技术,并探讨了其存在的问题和发展趋势。  相似文献   

18.
The reduction of graphene oxide (G-O) is one of the most promising methods for the large scale production of graphene-based materials. In this paper, we report a simple and non-toxic method to produce reduced graphene oxide (rG-O) by refluxing G-O in N, N-dimethylformamide without the aid of a reducing agent. The rG-O materials with high degrees of reduction are prepared and the levels of reduction are controlled using reflux time. Successful reduction is confirmed by combustion-based elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.  相似文献   

19.
    
Herein, a new Cu(II) Schiff base complex was immobilized onto the magnetic graphene oxide surface through a stepwise procedure. The as-synthesized nanostructure (GO/Fe3O4/CuL) was characterized by various techniques including Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectroscopies, N2 adsorption–desorption analysis, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The catalytic activity of the synthesized nanocatalyst was examined in 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), Congo red (CR), and methylene blue (MB) reduction using NaBH4 in an aqueous solution at room temperature. The reaction progress was monitored by UV–Vis spectroscopy. Also, the synthesized nanostructure was evaluated as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 2-amino-4H-benzopyrans via three-component reactions of 1-naphthol, malononitrile, and various aldehydes in ethanol/water at 50°C. The use of green solvents, the short reaction time, the high product yield, and easy separation from the reaction environment are the main benefits of this catalytic system. By covalent grafting of the complex on the graphene oxide surface, its catalytic performance significantly increased compared with graphene oxide; this is probably related to the chemical change of the graphene oxide surface. The results show the high chemical stability and the improved reusability of the synthesized nanocatalyst (six times) without significant loss in the catalytic activity of GO/Fe3O4/CuL nanocomposite.  相似文献   

20.
刘蒲 《分子催化》2014,(1):7-11
摘要:本文利用2-吡啶甲醛和乙二胺制得乙二胺-2-吡啶甲醛席夫碱配体,再与钯盐作用制得乙二胺-2-吡啶甲醛席夫碱钯配合物。运用红外光谱、核磁共振、质谱、元素分析、ICP等分析手段对乙二胺-2-吡啶甲醛席夫碱配体及其钯配合物进行了表征,提出了乙二胺-2-吡啶甲醛席夫碱钯配合物的结构,并对其在Heck反应中的催化性能进行了研究。  相似文献   

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