过渡金属催化偕二溴烯烃衍生物的偶联反应（英文）

偕二溴烯烃衍生物是有机化学中非常重要的合成工具,已被广泛应用于功能化分子的构建.在过去几十年中,金属催化(如铂、铜、银、金、镍)与偕二溴烯烃衍生物的转化已发展成为合成炔烃、色烯、吲哚、苯并吲哚及苯并噻吩等具有重要生理活性的苯并稠合杂环的有力工具.总结了自2013年以来过渡金属催化的偕二溴烯烃衍生物转化的研究进展.     

过渡金属催化交叉偶联反应及其在液晶合成中的应用

过渡金属催化交叉偶联反应及其在液晶合成中的应用杜卫红安忠维徐茂梁（西安近代化学研究所西安７１００６１）关键词过渡金属催化交叉偶联反应合成液晶液晶是一类具有特殊物理性能的有机化合物，其分子结构要求长径比大于４，官能团包括芳（杂）环、脂环、烷基、双键、叁...     

钯催化炔溴和烯烃偶联合成共轭烯炔的研究

1,3-共轭烯炔不仅是有机合成的重要中间体, 许多天然产物和具有生理活性的化合物的核心骨架都含有共轭烯炔单元, 在已有的共轭烯炔的合成方法中钯铜共催化的烯基卤与端炔的Sonogashira 偶联反应占据了统治地位. 炔卤化合物是一种独特有趣的有机分子, 它既能参与类似于端炔的偶联反应, 又具有卤苯的过渡金属氧化加成的性能, 这些特点使炔卤在构建复杂有机分子中起着重要的作用. 我们以Pd(OAc)₂为催化剂, K₂CO₃为碱, 在DMF溶剂中实现了末端烯和炔基溴的交叉偶联反应高区域和立体选择性地合成1,3-共轭烯炔, 考察了催化剂的种类、碱的种类和温度对反应的影响. 研究结果表明: 5 mol% Pd(OAc)₂, 2.5 equiv. K₂CO₃, 在DMF溶剂中, 不需要任何配体和添加剂, 炔基溴与苯乙烯衍生物于80 ℃, 与贫电子烯烃于室温反应2 h可以高产率得到所需产物, 所有化合物的结构用IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, MS, 高分辨质谱等方法进行了表征, 该偶联反应合成途径简捷、反应条件温和, 可为共轭烯炔化合物合成提供简便的途径.     

钯催化溴代水杨醛与吡啶硼酸的Suzuki交叉偶联反应

通过研究不同种类钯催化剂[Pd(dppf)2Cl2,Pd(OAc)2,Pd(PPh3)4]、碱(Na2CO3,Na HCO3,K2CO3,K3PO4,Cs2CO3,Cs F)、溶剂(DME/H2O,DMF/H2O,Dioxane/H2O)及温度(70,80,100℃)对5-溴-3-叔丁基水杨醛与吡啶-4-硼酸制备5-(4-吡啶)-3-叔丁基水杨醛化合物的Suzuki偶联反应的影响,开发出一种高效催化吸或供电子基取代的芳基硼酸与吸电子基取代的溴代芳烃的偶联反应的方法,该反应在Pd(PPh3)4,K2CO3,Dioxane/H2O(V∶V=4∶1)、80℃的条件下产率达到97%,且具有分离简单、重现性好的特征;但对供电子基取代的溴代芳烃参与的反应催化效果一般.     

过渡金属催化氟代烯烃参与的交叉偶联反应进展

过渡金属催化（类）卤化物和不同金属试剂的交叉偶联反应是构建不同类型碳碳键和碳杂原子键的重要方法之一。该类反应一般使用活性较高的氯、溴、碘或类卤化物作为亲电试剂,尽管C—F键的键能较强,利用过渡金属直接活化较为惰性的芳基C—F键并参与实现的交叉偶联反应已有较多报道。此外,近期的研究表明,也可以通过直接活化烯基C—F键并催化实现该类底物参与不同类型的交叉偶联反应,从而进一步拓展了交叉偶联反应的底物适用范围,并应用于具有高附加值精细化学品的选择性合成。本文围绕钯或镍催化活化单氟或者多氟烯烃等底物参与的Negishi、Suzuki-Miyaura、Kumada、Hiyama和Sonogashira等5类交叉偶联反应,通过探讨已有方法的反应机理及其适用范围,综述了该领域的研究进展并进行了展望。     

钯催化芳基溴代物和氨基乙醛缩二乙醇的偶联反应研究

以Pd2（dba）3／XantPhos为原位生成的催化剂,研究了以芳基溴代物与氨基乙醛缩二乙醇之间的偶联反应合成N-（2,2-二乙氧基乙基）芳胺的反应,考察了催化剂前体、配体以及催化剂前体与配体的用量对该反应的影响．实验结果表明,当以2．5％Pd2（dba）3作为催化剂前体,3．75％XantPhos作为配体,吸电子取代和给电子取代的芳基溴代物均可与氨基乙醛缩二乙醇发生C—N交叉偶联反应,高选择性的得到产物N-（2,2-二乙氧基乙基）芳胺,分离收率为73％-96％．     

金属化合物催化的偶联反应新进展

综述了近年来钯，镍、铜、钛、锆和钌等金属的化合物催化的偶联反应在有机合成中的应用。     

钯催化下杂芳基溴代物与偕二氟烯丙基硼试剂的交叉偶联反应

使用二叔丁基苯基膦预配位的氯化钯(P(t-Bu)₂Ph)₂·PdCl₂为催化剂,实现了钯催化下偕二氟烯丙基硼试剂与杂芳基溴代物的偶联反应.该方法不仅体系简单,反应效率高,区域选择性优秀,可以克量级制备产物,而且具有良好的官能团兼容性,适用于一系列不同类型的杂环底物,为合成偕二氟烯丙基杂芳烃化合物提供了一种高效方法.     

无过渡金属催化的Suzuki-Type交叉偶联反应研究进展

过渡金属催化的Suzuki交叉偶联反应是构建碳碳键最高效和最广泛的方法之一,其广泛的研究极大地推动了合成化学的发展.当前Suzuki交叉偶联反应主要依赖于贵金属钯催化体系,然而,金属钯储量低、价格昂贵及高毒性等弊端已经严重地限制了其在现代合成中的发展.在过去二十年时间,无金属催化的Suzuki-Type交叉偶联反应受到了广泛的关注,许多新型高效的反应体系被开发报道.总结了近二十年无金属催化的Suzuki-Type交叉偶联反应的研究进展,主要涉及的反应类型包括碱、金属有机试剂和有机小分子促进的反应,并对相关的反应机理进行了阐述.     

Solvent-free palladium-catalyzed C–O cross-coupling of aryl bromides with phenols

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Palladium catalyzed atom-efficient cross-coupling reactions of triarylbismuths with aryl bromides

Aryl bromides (3 equiv) were coupled efficiently with triarylbismuths (1 equiv) in an atom-efficient way using the Pd(OAc)₂/PPh₃ catalytic system in the presence of K₃PO₄ as base in DMF at 90 °C, providing excellent yields of the cross-coupled biaryls in short reaction times.     

Stereoselective synthesis of functionalized vinyl ethers from allyl bromides activated by triethylamine

An efficient coupling reaction of allyl bromides with various alcohols as nucleophiles activated by triethylamine, leading to functionalized vinyl ethers in good yields and with full stereoselectivity.     

Microwave-assisted Suzuki-Miyaura and Heck-Mizoroki cross-coupling reactions of aryl chlorides and bromides in water using stable benzothiazole-based palladium(II) precatalysts

The catalytic activity of benzothiazole-based Pd(II)-complexes was evaluated in Suzuki-Miyaura and Heck-Mizoroki C-C cross-coupling reactions of aryl chlorides and bromides with olefins and arylboronic acids both under thermal as well as microwave irradiation conditions in water. The factors affecting the optimization of such reactions as well as the reusability of the Pd-precatalysts are studied.     

Lanthanide assisted cross-coupling of aryl bromides with triethylaluminum

Cerium trichloride, as well as some other lanthanide salts, promote the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of triethylaluminum with bromoarenes. The lanthanide compounds also increase the selectivity by diminishing the undesired hydrodebromination process.     

Synthesis of carba-analogues of myoseverin by regioselective cross-coupling reactions of 2,6-dichloro-9-isopropylpurine

A series of 9-isopropylpurine derivatives bearing 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, (4-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl and 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl groups in positions 2 and 6 were prepared as carba-analogues of antimitotic myoseverin. Cross-coupling reactions of 2,6-dichloro-9-isopropylpurine (1) with one equivalent of (4-methoxyphenyl)boronic acid or (4-methoxybenzyl)zinc chloride gave regioselectively the 6-substituted 2-chloropurines which were used for another cross-coupling reaction with a second equivalent of the organometallic reagent. The Sonogashira reaction of 1 with 4-(methoxyphenyl)ethyne gave 2,6-bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl]-9-isopropylpurine that was hydrogenated to 2,6-bis[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-9-isopropylpurine. Regioselectivity of the couplings was proved by means of ¹H-¹⁵N HMBC experiments. 2,6-Bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl]-9-isopropylpurine showed considerable cytostatic activity, while the other compounds were inactive.     

Unsymmetric-1,3-disubstituted imidazolium salt for palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of aryl bromides

A series of 1-(ferrocenylethyl)-3-substituted-imidazolium salts [3-substitute = 2,6-di(iso-propyl)phenyl (1a), 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl (1b), tert-butyl (1c), 1-Ad (1d), cyclohexyl (1e)] have been synthesized from a racemic ferrocenylethyl acetate and the corresponding N-substituted imidazole in high yields (70–94%). A combination of Pd(OAc)₂ and 1a–d was found to form an excellent catalyst system for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of aryl bromides with phenylboronic acid in the presence of Cs₂CO₃.     

Selective double Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. Synthesis of unsymmetrical diaryl (or heteroaryl) methanes

Using a double Suzuki cross-coupling reaction ortho- or para-bromobenzyl bromides are easily transformed into unsymmetrical diaryl (or heteroaryl) methanes     

Synthesis of new 8-arylisoquinoline derivatives by application of palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reactions

New 8-(het)aryltetrahydroisoquinolines (10-14), 8-aryltetrahydroisoquinolin-4-ols (15,16), and 8-phenylisoquinolin-4-ol (17), flexible analogues of aporphine, were synthesized in good yields using palladium-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reactions from 8-bromotetrahydroisoquinolin-4-one (6) as a common intermediate. We also describe the synthesis of this novel intermediate through an easy and efficient method, which involved intramolecular Friedel-Crafts cyclization.