共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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I. M. Afanasov A. V. Kepman V. A. Morozov A. N. Seleznev V. V. Avdeev 《Journal of Analytical Chemistry》2009,64(4):361-365
Different techniques for extracting polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from coal tar pitch for their quantitative determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry are compared. It has been found that the ultrasonic treatment of a sample allowed the quantitative extraction of PAHs from coal tar pitch. The results of the quantitative determination of PAHs in samples of coal tar pitch obtained by Soxhlet extraction and liquid-liquid extraction with ultrasonic treatment agree within the experimental error range. 相似文献
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Shi-lin Chen Shao-peng Xie Chang-ling Fan Jian-guang Guo Xuan-ke Li 《Journal of Saudi Chemical Society》2018,22(3):316-321
Pitch is constituted of aromatic hydrocarbon, which is one kind of organic liquid with high viscosity. The soft coal pitch was divided into different group components by solvent extraction, and the different fractions of soft coal pitch were carbonized separately. The relationship between the microstructures of carbonization products and the chemical compositions of group components was investigated in this paper. Results show that the structure and morphology of the carbonization products from pitch were significantly influenced by the chemical composition of the group components. The main microstructure of the toluene soluble (TS) fraction-derived carbonization products is streamline and partial regional type. The microstructure of products from toluene insoluble (TI) fraction is mosaic and regional type. The structure of toluene insoluble-quinoline soluble (TI-QS) fraction-derived carbonization product is mainly streamline type. Nevertheless, the carbonization product from quinoline insoluble (QI) fraction is constituted with isotropy micron grade isotropic particles. 相似文献
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基于醛类交联剂的煤焦油沥青族组分改性石油沥青 《燃料化学学报》2016,44(7):792-800
以中温煤焦油沥青的四氢呋喃萃取物(THFS)对石油基质沥青进行改性,考察了掺混量、掺混温度和不同种类交联剂对改性沥青性能的影响,确定了THFS最佳掺混量为8%,最佳掺混温度为135℃,甲醛交联剂的最佳掺混量为0.8%,三聚甲醛的最佳掺混量为0.2%。考察了两两和单族组分对基质沥青的改性性能,发现重油(HS)使得改性沥青的针入度、延度增大,沥青烯(A)和甲苯不溶四氢呋喃可溶物(PA)提高感温性,软化点升高。随着醛类交联剂的添加,提高了改性沥青的抗老化性能;甲基(CH_3)、亚甲基(CH_2)透射峰强度逐渐变强,770-730 cm~(-1)、710-690 cm~(-1)和770-810 cm~(-1)苯环取代透射峰强度逐渐增强,1 010~(-1) 270 cm~(-1)处C-O-C伸缩振动峰逐渐增强;热解峰温向高温移动,残炭率增加2%;改性粒子呈现一种连续的流线分布,添加三聚甲醛的改性沥青的流线分布更加集中。 相似文献
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Yu Dai Zhou Lihui Hu Jun Peng Changjun Liu Honglai 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2019,23(8):2455-2464
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Developing heteroatom-doped carbon catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to replace platinum (Pt)-based catalysts is a promising strategy.... 相似文献
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Effect of rosin to coal-tar pitch on carbonization behavior and optical texture of resultant semi-cokes 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Coal-tar pitch was modified with rosin, and carbonization behavior of the modified pitches and optical texture of resultant semi-cokes were studied in this paper. The carbonization behavior was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques, respectively. The optical texture of resultant semi-cokes was characterized by polarized-light microscopy. The results show that there are marked differences in the carbonization behavior of coal-tar pitch and the modified pitches. The modification results in a small decrease in carbonization yield by 1.2–3.2% when rosin content is kept at 5–15 wt.% of coal-tar pitch. The modified pitches have functional groups of cycloparaffin, double bonds, and carboxyl group, which gradually disappear and aromatization degree increases with increasing heat treatment temperature. Moreover, the modification contributes to a notable improvement in the optical texture of resultant semi-cokes which varies from coarse-grained mosaics to domains. 相似文献
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F. Karaca T. J. Morgan A. George I. D. Bull A. A. Herod M. Millan R. Kandiyoti 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2009,23(13):2087-2098
A coal tar pitch was fractionated by solvent solubility into heptane‐solubles, heptane‐insoluble/toluene‐solubles (asphaltenes), and toluene‐insolubles (preasphaltenes). The aim of the work was to compare the mass ranges of the different fractions by several different techniques. Thermogravimetric analysis, size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) and UV‐fluorescence spectroscopy showed distinct differences between the three fractions in terms of volatility, molecular size ranges and the aromatic chromophore sizes present. The mass spectrometric methods used were gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), pyrolysis/GC/MS, electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI‐FTICRMS) and laser desorption time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LD‐TOFMS). The first three techniques gave good mass spectra only for the heptane‐soluble fraction. Only LDMS gave signals from the toluene‐insolubles, indicating that the molecules were too involatile for GC and too complex to pyrolyze into small molecules during pyrolysis/GC/MS. ESI‐FTICRMS gave no signal for toluene‐insolubles probably because the fraction was insoluble in the methanol or acetonitrile, water and formic acid mixture used as solvent to the ESI source. LDMS was able to generate ions from each of the fractions. Fractionation of complex samples is necessary to separate smaller molecules to allow the use of higher laser fluences for the larger molecules and suppress the formation of ionized molecular clusters. The upper mass limit of the pitch was determined as between 5000 and 10 000 u. The pitch asphaltenes showed a peak of maximum intensity in the LDMS spectra at around m/z 400, in broad agreement with the estimate from SEC. The mass ranges of the toluene‐insoluble fraction found by LDMS and SEC (400–10 000 u with maximum intensity around 2000 u by LDMS and 100–9320 u with maximum intensity around 740 u by SEC) are higher than those for the asphaltene fraction (200–4000 u with maximum intensity around 400 u by LDMS and 100–2680 u with maximum intensity around 286 u by SEC) and greater than values considered appropriate for petroleum asphaltenes (300–1200 u with maximum intensity near 700 u). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Urban O Jehlicka J Pokorný J Rouzaud JN 《Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy》2003,59(10):2331-2340
In order to estimate the role of laminar flow of viscous, aromatic matter of carbonaceous precursor on microtextural preorientation in pregraphitization stage, we performed experiments with coal tar pitch (CTP). The principal hypothesis of preorientation of basic structural units (BSUs) in the case of laminar flow (pressure impregnation of CTP into porous matrix) and secondary release of volatiles during carbonization were studied. Glass microplates, planar porous medium with average distance between single microplates 5 microm were used as suitable porous matrix. Samples of CTP were carbonized up to 2500 degrees C. Optical microscopy reveals large flow domains in the sample of cokes carbonized between glass microplates. Raman microspectroscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) show that at nanometric scale, the samples do not support the proposed hypotheses. With increasing temperature of pyrolysis, the graphitization of CTP impregnated into porous matrix proceeds to lower degree of structural ordering in comparison with single pyrolyzed CTP. This is explained by the release of volatile matter during carbonization in geometrically restricted spaces. More evident structural changes were discovered with the sample of single coke, where parts of fine grain mosaics, relicts of 'so called QI parts', reveal higher structural organization, in comparison with large and prolonged flow domains, similar to flow domains of cokes from microplates. 相似文献
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E. I. Andreikov I. S. Amosova Yu. A. Dikovinkina O. V. Krasnikova M. G. Pervova 《Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry》2012,85(1):89-97
Pyrolysis of polystyrene in the medium of coal tar pitch and of pitch prepared from ethylene production tar was performed
in the temperature range 360–420°C at atmospheric pressure. 相似文献
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C-m-C型阳离子Gemini表面活性剂在煤沥青表面的润湿性 《燃料化学学报》2015,43(6):649-653
利用座滴法和电泳法研究了阳离子Gemini表面活性剂C12-m-C12·2Br-(m=4、6、8、10)在煤沥青表面的润湿性质及吸附机理。结果表明, 表面张力均随表面活性剂浓度的增大而减小, 超过临界胶束浓度(CMC)后趋于平稳, 接触角θ和铺展系数S的变化趋势与表面张力类似; 在所研究浓度范围内,C12-10-C12型表面活性剂的γlg~cosθ曲线符合Zisman理论, 且侵湿功(Wi)与表面张力也呈线性关系; 煤沥青表面的Zeta电位随表面活性剂浓度的增加从负电变为正电,最后趋于平稳, 且零电位对应的浓度比CMC至少低一个数量级; C12-8-C12型Gemini表面活性剂能显著改变煤沥青表面的润湿性. 由Gemini表面活性剂在煤沥青表面润湿结果及Zeta电位可以看出, C12-m-C12型Gemini表面活性剂在煤沥青表面的润湿是静电作用和范德华吸附共同作用的结果; 润湿过程可分为三个阶段。 相似文献
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中温煤沥青基碳量子点的制备与结构解析 《燃料化学学报》2003,48(10):1160-1170
以中温煤沥青为碳源,采用HNO3预处理结合球磨过程及双氧水氧化刻蚀的方法制备沥青基荧光碳量子点,以CQDs的收率和荧光量子产率为目标,获得最优制备条件:反应时间6 h、H2O2加入量100 mL (c-CQDs),此时,CQDs收率和荧光量子产率分别为6.3%和11.2%,且尺寸均匀、粒径分布在4-14 nm。延长反应时间至8 h (a-CQDs),碳量子点团聚;H2O2用量增加至120 mL (b-CQDs)则导致碳量子点氧化过度,颗粒小且杂乱无章。对不同条件下所制备的CQDs进行XPS、红外光谱、热重、13C NMR、Raman和晶相分析,探究反应条件对CQDs结构的影响规律。结果表明,就碳含量而言,a-CQDs > b-CQDs > c-CQDs,氧元素含量则为b-CQDs > c-CQDs > a-CQDs。各CQDs结构中C主要以芳碳形式存在,c-CQDs的C=O、O-C=O含量最高,而b-CQDs的C-O含量最高,13C NMR分析发现CQDs中表征平均芳环尺寸大小的Xb约为0.5,相应地,其平均芳环数约为3。 相似文献
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以不同比例的γ-Al2O3和Y型分子筛为混合载体制备NiW/Al2O3-Y催化剂,采用N2低温吸附、XRD、H2-TPR 和 NH3-TPD对其进行表征,并在固定床上通过甲酚-萘溶液的加氢处理反应对催化剂活性进行评价。结果表明,催化剂均具有良好的加氢脱氧及加氢饱和性能,异构化及裂化产物随分子筛含量的增加而增加,催化剂酸性增加更有利于萘加氢产物中反式十氢萘的生成。以较佳催化剂对低温煤焦油馏分进行加氢处理,采用GC-MS和元素分析等对油品进行分析。原料中绝大部分酚类化合物及双环芳烃转化为茚、环烷烃和氢化芳烃等化合物,同时明显降低了杂原子尤其是硫和氧的含量。 相似文献
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M. E. Carlotti S. Sapino R. Cavalli M. Trotta F. Trotta K. Martina 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2007,57(1-4):445-450
This work deals with the formation of inclusion complexes between cinnamaldehyde and two synthetic alkylcarbonates of γ-cyclodextrin, namely ethylcarbonate-γ-CD and octylcarbonate-γ-CD. Complexation was monitored by phase-solubility studies, by FT-IR spectroscopy and by DSC and TG analysis.
The diffusion of cinnamaldehyde through a cellulose membrane was investigated in the absence and in the presence of each of
the two γ-CD alkylcarbonates. Studies on photostability and stability over time were carried out on different cosmetic formulations
containing pure cinnamaldehyde or an equivalent amount of cinnamaldehyde complexed with the two alkylcarbonates.
Phase-solubility diagrams, DSC, FTIR and TGA analysis suggested the formation of inclusion complexes. The diffusion of cinnamaldehyde
through the cellulose membrane decreased in the presence of the two alkylcarbonates confirming the interaction of this molecule
with the inclusion agents.
Moreover the stability of cinnamaldehyde to light and heat resulted increased by complexing this fragrance material with the
two alkylcarbonates. 相似文献
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神木煤显微组分热解和加氢热解的焦油组成 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
利用色谱-质谱联用技术测定了神木煤镜质组和惰质组在不同热解条件下焦油的组成,考察了显微组分类型和反应气氛对苯类、酚类、萘类、含氧杂环和多环芳烃类化合物产率的影响。结果表明,惰质组和镜质组焦油在组成和长链烃类、芳烃、含氧杂环和多环芳烃的相对质量分数方面存在很大差异。镜质组焦油中长链烃类的种类和相对质量分数较高,惰质组焦油中芳烃、含氧杂环和多环芳烃的种类和相对质量分数较高,反映了镜质组显微组分芳香度较低以及烷基侧链长和多以及惰质组稠环芳烃结构多和芳环缩聚程度高的特点。加氢热解比热解有较高的焦油收率,随氢气压力的增加,焦油的收率大幅度增加。镜质组和惰质组热解和加氢热解焦油组成和相对质量分数的差异反映了热解过程中氢气的加氢稳定化作用和加氢裂解作用。 相似文献
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MoO/Al-SBA改性催化剂及其在煤焦油加氢裂化中的应用 《燃料化学学报》2003,48(9):1079-1086
利用蒸发诱导法制备了HCl改性的MoO3/Al-SBA-15系列催化剂,采用XRD、BET、TEM、NH3-TPD进行了表征。结果表明,改性后的催化剂保留着SBA-15的六角结构,孔道结构保持有序状态,改性后样品的孔径8 nm左右,壁厚4 nm左右,属于典型的介孔分子筛,活性组分在载体中分布良好。以预加氢后的中低温煤焦油为原料,采用固定床加氢裂化对催化剂进行了评价,结果表明,经过预硫化之后,负载了MoO3的Al-SBA-15具有良好的加氢裂化活性,MoO3负载量14.9%的情况下,65-145℃石脑油和145-280℃航煤馏分两种较轻组分合计收率为79.21%,其中,石脑油具备很高的芳潜值,最高可达72.4,是优良的重整制取芳烃的原料,裂化后的尾油BMCI值过高,不适宜作为裂化乙烯的原料。 相似文献
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炭化温度对红柳林煤温和液化-炭化耦合转化产物的影响 《燃料化学学报》2017,45(11):1289-1295
在炭化温度为430-600℃研究了红柳林煤温和液化-炭化耦合转化过程的产物分布及理化性质。结果表明,半焦产率达40.64%-53.02%,有机液相产率达30.89%-36.98%,正己烷可溶物产率达29.74%-33.28%;在较低温度下炭化温度升高有利于正己烷可溶物产率提高,而在较高炭化温度下则相反;430℃炭化温度下半焦表现出较强黏结性,550℃炭化温度下半焦的黏结性消失,挥发分降至10%左右。通过调节炭化温度可使半焦定向用于配煤炼焦或无烟煤原料。 相似文献