A Simple Scheme for Directly Measuring the Wigner Functions of Cavity Fields

We propose a scheme for directly measuring the Wigner functions of cavity fields.The scheme is based on the Raman interaction between atoms and cavity fields.We find a simple and direct relation between the Wigner function and the atomic population difference,By suitablychoosing the interaction time,we find that the wigner function is just two times of the atomic population difference.Thus,one can obtain the Wigner function by measuring the atomic populations and calculating the population difference.     

Preparation of the W State of Atoms in a Single Cavity or N Distant Cavities by Photon Interference

We suggest two schemes to generate the W state of N A-type three-level atoms. In the schemes, identical N three-level atoms are trapped in a cavity or N distant cavities. The success or failure of the generation of the W state can be determined by detecting the polarization of photon leaking out of the cavity. The result demonstrates that the W state is free from both the cavity loss and the spontaneous emission due to the fact that the two ground states (left and right) of the three-level atoms are stable states (or metastable states).     

Realization of Greenberg-Horne-Zeilinger （GHZ） and W Entangled States with Multiple Superconducting Quantum-Interference Device Qubits in Cavity QED

An alternative scheme is proposed for generating the Greenberg-Horne-Zeilinger （GHZ） and W types of the entangled states with multiple superconducting quantum-interference device （SQUID） qubits in a single-mode microwave cavity field. In this scheme, there is no transfer of quantum information between the SQUIDs and the cavity, the cavity is always in the vacuum and thus the requirement on the quality of cavity is greatly loosened. In addition, during the process of the generation of the W entangled state, the present method does not involve a real excitation of intermediate levels. Thus, decoherence due to energy relaxation of intermediate levels is minimized.