凝胶法制备条件对载体硅胶孔结构的影响

以水玻璃、硫酸为原料采用凝胶法制备了烯烃环氧化催化剂载体硅胶,为探讨制备条件对硅胶孔结构的影响,采用物理吸附仪对不同条件下制备的硅胶进行了表征,结果表明:溶胶pH值、老化温度和老化时间、氨水pH值对硅胶孔结构影响显著,当溶胶pH值为1.5,在80℃下用pH 10.5的氨水浸泡老化凝胶2 h,所得硅胶的比表面积在300 m2.g-1左右,孔径和孔容分别在9.71 nm和0.92 cm3.g-1以上,以此硅胶为载体制得的非均相催化剂Ti/SiO2对于氯丙烯和环己基过氧化氢的环氧化反应具有明显的催化活性。     

制备方法对CuO—Ce0．7Zr0．3O2催化剂的氧缺位和CO氧化活性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法和溶胶-凝胶 浸渍法两种方法制备了CuO-Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂,并对催化剂进行了XRD、Raman等表征,考察了催化剂的CO氧化性能.研究结果表明,溶胶-凝胶法制备的CuO-Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂的CO氧化活性明显高于溶胶-凝胶 浸渍法制备的CuO/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂,CuO-Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂容易形成氧缺位和表面高分散CuO的颗粒较大,从而提高催化活性.     

过渡金属-铈基复合氧化物的制备与碳烟燃烧催化性能

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了不同过渡金属TM(Fe,Co,Ni,Mn)-Ce复合氧化物,并经800℃水热处理20 h后得到老化样品。利用XRD,BET对样品结构进行了表征,并采用CO-TPR和TPO分别考察了样品的还原性能和碳烟催化燃烧活性。结果表明,复合氧化物通过过渡金属和铈离子的变价和协同作用,有效地提高了催化剂的碳烟燃烧催化活性。在催化剂-碳烟松散接触条件和含NO+O2气氛下,由于催化剂表面氧的活化和硝酸盐分解释放的NO2,Co-Ce和Mn-Ce具有良好的碳烟燃烧活性。催化剂-碳烟紧密接触和含O2气氛中的活性则与催化剂的比表面积成正比关系,并受活性氧释放能力的影响。     

铁铈氧化物SCR脱硝催化剂的制备及性能

采用浸渍法制备了CeO₂-Fe₂O₃/TiO₂催化剂,研究了CeO₂负载量对其选择催化还原NO性能的影响,并将其中效果最好的催化剂按照同样组分配比采用溶胶凝胶法制备进行比较。采用BET、XRD、SEM和XPS等手段对催化剂进行表征。实验结果表明,采用浸渍法制备的负载10%CeO₂、3%Fe₂O₃的催化剂脱硝效率最优,最高可达96.65%。采用溶胶凝胶法制备催化剂效率更优,最高为99.36%。结果表明,浸渍法和溶胶凝胶法制备的10%-3%CeO₂-Fe₂O₃/TiO₂催化剂均具有较大的比表面积、活性成分分散度好、储氧能力强等优点。     

NiO－La2O3-Al2O3气凝胶催化剂的制备

采用改进的溶胶－凝胶法和超临界干燥技术制备出超细三元ＮｉＯ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３气凝胶催化剂。通过ＢＥＴ、ＴＥＭ、ＤＴＡ、ＩＲ等物性表征,考察了煅烧温度和组成等对气凝胶催化剂制备的影响。结果表明,此种方法制备的多元所凝胶催化剂不仅保留了氧化铝和ＮｉＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３气凝胶的主要特征,而且,氧化镧的加入使气凝胶理易晶化,热稳定性更好和吸附能力更强。这种改进的溶胶－凝胶法和超临界干燥技术操作简单有效,适     

Mn/Ba/Al2O3催化剂的NOx氧化-储存和耐硫性能

采用分步等体积浸渍法制备了Mn/Ba/Al2O3催化剂, 并用XRD和TPD等方法进行表征. 考察了催化剂在不同温度下NOx氧化-储存特性和NOx脱附行为. 结果表明, Mn/Ba/Al2O3催化剂具有较高的催化NO氧化活性和较大的NOx储存容量. BaMnO3是主要的活性组分；Mn能够催化NO的氧化反应, 且具有一定的NOx储存能力; Ba是主要的储存组分, 将NOx以硝酸盐的形式储存; 硝酸盐在300～600 ℃分解, 释放出NOx. Mn/Ba/Al2O3催化剂在800 ℃老化6 h后, NO氧化活性和NOx储存能力稍有下降. 低含量的SO2对催化剂的NO氧化活性和NOx储存能力没有明显影响; 高含量的SO2使催化剂的NO氧化活性降低, NOx储存量减小, 最终导致催化剂失活.     

NiO-La_2O_3-Al_2O_3气凝胶催化剂的制备

采用改进的溶胶 -凝胶法和超临界干燥技术制备出超细三元 Ni O- L a2 O3 - Al2 O3 气凝胶催化剂 .通过 BET、TEM、XRD、DTA、IR等物性表征 ,考察了煅烧温度和组成等对气凝胶催化剂制备的影响 .结果表明 ,此种方法制备的多元气凝胶催化剂不仅保留了氧化铝和 Ni O- Al2 O3 气凝胶的主要特征 ,而且 ,氧化镧的加入使气凝胶更易晶化 ,热稳定性更好和吸附能力更强 .这种改进的溶胶 -凝胶法和超临界干燥技术操作简单有效 ,适合要求组分之间相互作用强、分布均匀、结构热稳定性好的多组元负载催化剂的制备 .     

二氧化硅负载磷钼酸铯催化苯液相硝化反应的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化硅负载磷钼酸铯催化剂,利用XRD、IR以及电位滴定等方法对催化剂进行了表征,并初步评价了催化剂的苯液相硝化反应催化性能。结果表明,溶胶-凝胶法制备的二氧化硅负载磷钼酸铯具有典型的Keggin结构,且在苯液相硝化反应中表现出优良的催化性能;催化剂用量、反应时间和温度等反应参数对催化苯液相硝化反应有明显的影响,在优化实验条件下,苯硝化转化率可达95%;催化剂可回收重复使用,多次反应后催化剂活性组分有所损失,但催化剂整体物相和结构没有发生明显变化。     

推荐一个工科大学化学实验

推荐一个工科大学化学实验———BaTiO3 纳米粉的溶胶 凝胶法制备及其表征。该实验以钛酸四丁酯和醋酸钡为原料 ,正丁醇为溶剂 ,利用溶胶 凝胶法 ,基于DTA曲线适当的热处理条件下 ,制备BaTiO3 纳米粉 ,并进行了XRD分析 ,使学生对溶胶 凝胶法制备纳米粉和纳米粉的一般表征方法有了基本的认识和理解     

溶胶-凝胶法对NiO/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂在甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应中催化性能的影响(英文)

利用浸渍法和溶胶－凝胶法制备ＮｉＯ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂。通过８０小时寿命实验的比较,研究了制备方法对甲烷部分氧化制合成气催化性能的影响。利用ＴＧ、ＸＰＳ、ＡＡＳ、ＴＰＲ、ＢＥＴ和ＸＲＤ等一系列表征方法考察了催化剂积碳、表面组成、Ｎｉ含量、表面积、孔体积和晶相的变化情况。结果表明,在高温氧化还原反应中,虽然利用溶胶－凝胶法制备的催化剂不能提高催化剂担体的热稳定性,但是能够提高Ｎｉ基催化剂的抗积碳和抗Ｎｉ的流失与烧结的能力。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.