烯烃硅氢加成固载铂催化剂研究进展

本文综述了近年来烯烃硅氢加成反应固载铂催化剂的制备、表征及其催化反应机理;并对各种不同载体铂催化剂的优缺点进行评述。     

聚苯乙烯固载过渡金属催化剂在硅氢加成和加氢反应中的应用

聚苯乙烯树脂具有优良的物理化学性能,其与过渡金属的络合物在硅氢加成和催化加氢反应中得到了广泛应用,表现出良好的催化活性、反应选择性和重复使用性能,具有均相催化剂和其他固载型催化剂不具备的优势。利用含配位基团的化合物对聚苯乙烯改性后,可显著提高对金属的配位能力以及催化剂的稳定性,也往往表现出更好的催化性能。鉴于近年来聚苯乙烯固载的过渡金属催化剂在硅氢加成和催化加氢反应中的研究较为引人注目,本文对该类催化剂的制备方法、催化性能及相关机理进行了总结和分析。首先介绍了经胺、膦、巯基、不饱和烃等改性的聚苯乙烯固载的过渡金属催化剂在硅氢加成反应中的应用,其次介绍了聚苯乙烯固载的铂、钯、铑、钌、纳米金、铬、双金属胶体等在催化加氢反应中的应用,重点介绍了聚苯乙烯树脂与金属钯、铑的固载型催化剂,最后对该类催化剂的发展方向进行了分析和展望。     

十一碳烯氧甲基苯并冠醚的合成与固载化及固载化产物的催化硅氢化…

十一碳烯氧甲基一缩二乙二醇、二缩三乙二醇分别与１，２－双（β－羟乙氧基）苯双对甲苯磺酸酯在氢化钠存在下关环缩合，得到９－十一碳烯氧甲基－２，３－苯并１５－冠－５与９－十一碳烯氧甲基－２，３－苯并１８－冠－６。二者与三乙氧基硅烷反应产物以二氧化硅固载化。得到具有十一烯氧甲基连接基团的二氧化硅固载苯并冠醚，它们可与铂形成配合物。铂配合物对烯烃与三乙氧基硅烷的硅氢加成反应具有极好的催化效能。     

二氧化硅—聚硅氧烷负载硫杂—15—冠—5,铂,铑配合物的合成…

６－（ω′－十一碳烯氧甲基）－１－硫杂－４，７，１０，１３－四氧杂环十五烷与三乙氧基硅烷进行硅氢加成，产物依次以气相法二氧化硅固载，氯亚铂酸钾或三氯化铑络合，合成了相应的二氧化硅－聚硅氧烷负载硫杂－１５－冠－５－铂，铑配合物，并研究了它们在烯烃与三乙氧基硅烷的硅氢加成反应中的催化性能，结果表明，二者均为硅氢加成反应的高效催化剂。     

有机硅聚合物负载环硫乙烷铂配合物的合成与催化性能

<正> 有机硅聚合物负载硫醚与铂的配合物可作为烯烃硅氢加成的有效催化剂,但其中部分配合物的回收再用性能不太理想,合成亦比较繁琐。考虑到环硫乙烷中硫原子的未共用电子对远比一般硫醚中硫原子的未共用电子对更加暴露,有可能与过渡金属形成更稳定的配合物,从而减少催化过程中金属的流失,我们合成了气相法二氧化硅固载的聚-4-氧杂-6,7-环硫庚基硅氧烷铂配合物,研究了该配合物对烯烃硅氢加成反应的催化性能。本文报道所得到的一些结果。     

二苯基膦功能化氧化石墨固载铂催化剂的制备及其催化烯烃硅氢加成性能

以氧化石墨为载体,采用二苯基膦配体对其进行改性,再利用膦配体对Pt的螯合配位作用合成了氧化石墨固载膦铂配合物催化剂(GO-P-Pt),并采用元素分析、FT-IR、XRD等方法对催化剂进行了表征,考察了催化剂催化不同烯烃与三乙氧基硅烷的硅氢加成反应性能。结果表明,该催化剂对烯烃与三乙氧基硅烷的硅氢加成反应具有良好的催化活性,在100℃,反应180min后,1-辛烯的转化率为94.6%,β-加成产物的选择性高达99.4%;当底物为芳香烯烃时,β-加成产物的选择性比脂肪烯烃低。此外,催化剂在重复使用4次之后,活性基本保持不变。     

二苯基膦功能化氧化石墨固载铂催化剂的制备及其催化烯烃硅氢加成性能

以氧化石墨为载体,采用二苯基膦配体对其进行改性,再利用膦配体对Pt的螯合配位作用合成了氧化石墨固载膦铂配合物催化剂(GO-P-Pt),并采用元素分析、FT-IR、XRD等方法对催化剂进行了表征,考察了催化剂催化不同烯烃与三乙氧基硅烷的硅氢加成反应性能。结果表明,该催化剂对烯烃与三乙氧基硅烷的硅氢加成反应具有良好的催化活性,在100℃,反应180 min后,1-辛烯的转化率为94.6%,β-加成产物的选择性高达99.4%;当底物为芳香烯烃时,β-加成产物的选择性比脂肪烯烃低。此外,催化剂在重复使用4次之后,活性基本保持不变。     

有机硅聚合物负载硫、硫、氮三齿配体铂配合物的合成与催化性能

 N,N-双(β-甲硫乙基)γ-(三乙氧硅基)丙胺用气相法二氧化硅固载,再与氯亚铂酸钾作用,合成了三齿型铂配合物-聚γ-[N,N-双(β-甲硫乙基)胺基]丙基倍半硅氧烷铂配合物.研究了该配合物对烯烃与三乙氧基硅烷的硅氢加成反应的催化特性.     

乙炔和甲基二氯硅烷的硅氢加成反应研究：Ⅲ气固相反应规律探讨

比较了铂，铑，钯的氯化物对乙炔和甲基二氯硅烷的气固相硅氢加成反应的催化活性；筛选了铂催化剂中的无机载体；研究了浸渍法和制备的铂催化剂的催化反应行为。结果表明，浸渍法制备的铂催化剂中存在两类稳定性不同的活性中心，铂离子是具有催化活性的组分，甲基二氯硅烷与铂离子间的氧化还原反应是导致催化剂     

硅氢加成反应用铂催化剂的研究进展

系统综述了铂催化剂体系研究的几个主要发展阶段及目前存在的问题;介绍了铂催化烯烃硅氢加成反应合成有机硅的机理.指出有机硅产品在我们的生活和生产中越来越重要,是不可或缺的化工材料;不饱和烃的硅氢加成反应是合成有机硅的重要途径之一,主要利用过渡金属作为催化剂进行加成.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.