Design techniques for dual-passband filters

This paper introduces two possible approaches to the design of microwave filters presenting two passbands separated by one rejection band, which is created by suitably placing transmission zeros in the stopband. In the first method, the two passbands have almost equal extension and the transmission zeros are symmetrically placed in the stopband; the second method instead allows the synthesis of filters with different passbands width and all the transmission zeros in the stopband placed at the same frequency. Both design methods are based on suitably defined frequency transformations and employ well-established prototype synthesis techniques; the practical implementation is performed through the classical multiple-coupled cavity topology. Two test filters operating in the global system for mobile communication 800-MHz band, designed with the described procedures and actually fabricated, have validated the novel design methods.     

Coplanar quarter-wavelength quasi-elliptic filters without bond-wire bridges

This paper presents the design and experimental results of two coplanar quarter-wavelength microwave filters operating at a frequency of approximately 3 GHz. Coplanar designs are of particular interest because they are less sensitive to the thickness of the dielectric substrate than other transmission-line types such as a microstrip. One of the designs has a quasi-elliptic frequency response. In addition, the design also eliminates problems with unbalancing of the ground planes normally present in coplanar structures. Bond wires between the ground planes are not required. This paper describes in detail the structure of the resonators and how they are coupled together to form a filter.     

Investigation of quasi-elliptic hairpin dual-mode filters under different perturbations

This article presents a dual-mode resonator developed from a hairpin resonator with a reactive perturbation tapped at the mid-point. The dual-mode resonance characteristics are investigated intensive under both inductive and capacitive perturbations. Using this resonator, a method of synthesising the filter is also developed to determine the circuit layout directly according to the specified filter characteristics. Moreover, to improve the filter's performance, cross-coupling technique to realise quasi-elliptic responses is also discussed for both types of perturbations. Finally, two quasi-elliptic dual-mode filters were designed, fabricated and measured to verify the proposed theory.     

小型化SIR同轴腔体双通带滤波器研究

基于频率变换技术的双通带滤波器综合理论,应用阶跃阻抗谐振器(SIR)的基本原理,在双通带滤波器设计中引入λg/4型SIR同轴腔体谐振单元,设计了一种交叉耦合型拓扑结构的小型化同轴腔体双通带滤波器,相比于实际长度λg/4的传统滤波器,尺寸压缩了约50%。仿真结果显示,两个通带内回波损耗均大于20 dB,插入损耗小于0.1 dB,通带之间的阻带衰减特性良好。该滤波器的两个传输零点提高了阻带抑制度,满足了通信系统对滤波器小型化、低插损、高选择性的要求,能够广泛应用于双频带通信系统。     

L频段机载腔体双频滤波器协同仿真设计

提出了一种利用HFSS和Designer协同仿真快速设计双频滤波器的方法。两路滤波器都由同轴腔体带通滤波器组成,采用T型抽头的馈电方式,通过灵活的布局来减小滤波器的体积,最终加工了实物,给出了仿真和实测结果。该滤波器的工作频带覆盖1.421~1.858 GHz,并使得1.576~1.604 GHz频段的抑制在30 dB以上,整体尺寸仅为140 mm×86 mm×45 mm,满足了机载环境的使用。目前,该滤波器已应用于多个工程。     

Compound frequency selective surface with quasi-elliptic bandpass response

A compound frequency selective surface (FSS) with quasi-elliptic bandpass response is presented. The new FSS element comprises unit cells of two kinds of FSSs with one transmission zero. The FSS formed by this new element integrates the two transmission zeros of the original FSSs in one bandpass response curve and realises the quasi-elliptic filter response. Both theoretical and experimental investigations are carried out. Excellent agreement between simulation and measured results shows the validity of the theoretical analysis.     

双层基片集成波导双通带滤波器设计

根据频率变换法的双通带滤波器综合理论,采用矩形基片集成波导谐振腔作为基本谐振单元,通过谐振器之间直接耦合设计了一种双层结构的双通带基片集成波导滤波器,利用Ansoft HFSS建立滤波器模型并进行全波仿真。仿真结果表明,两个通带内回波损耗均大于20 dB,插入损耗小于0.5 dB,通带之间的阻带衰减特性良好,同时其尺寸压缩了约50%,较好地实现了滤波器的小型化,满足了工程需要的技术指标。     

The design of microstrip six-pole quasi-elliptic filter with linearphase response using extracted-pole technique

The development of microstrip filters has been in great demand due to the rapid growth of wireless communication systems in this decade. Quasi-elliptic response filters are very popular in communication systems because of their high selectivity, which is introduced by a pair of transmission zeros. A number of ways of implementing the quasi-elliptic response filter on microstrip have been studied over the last two decades, i.e., the cascaded quadruplet filter, canonical filter, and extracted-pole filter. However, there is very little information in the literature giving the design details for microstrip extracted-pole filters. In this paper, design equations of the extracted-pole filter for microstrip are reviewed. A new class of microstrip filter is also presented here. This class of filter will have a quasi-elliptic function response and at the same time linear phase in the passband. The linear phase of the filter is introduced by an in-phase cross coupling, while the transmission zero is realized using an extracted-pole technique. Experimental results, together with a theoretical comparison between the group delay of this design, and the conventional quasi-elliptic six-pole filter are also presented     

Synthesis of a self-equalized dual-passband filter

This letter describes synthesis method for a self-equalized dual-passband filter. Compared to a conventional dual-passband filter, the self-equalized dual-passband filter can reduce bit-error rate (BER) in digital data communications and does not need an external equalizer for group delay equalization. To validate the synthesis method described in this letter, a 10-pole dual-passband filter which has two self-equalized five-pole elliptic-response passbands is synthesized.     

带DGS结构的宽带微带线准椭圆函数滤波器设计

准椭圆滤波器体积小，重量轻，结构紧凑，比契比雪夫滤波器有更好的过渡特性，更高的带外抑制，在卫星通信和移动通信中有广泛的应用前景。但在用准椭圆滤波器实现宽带滤波器时，有时会遇到耦合间隙过小难以加工的问题。在准椭圆滤波器的谐振器底板加入缺陷接地结构（DGS），可以增强谐振器之间的耦合。应用DGS结构，用较宽的耦合间隙实现较强的耦合，从而使宽带滤波器物理上更容易实现。应用三维电磁场仿真软件，设计了一种带DGS结构的宽带微带线准椭圆函数滤波器。     

Design of filters with prescribed time response and Chebyshev stopband attenuation

This paper presents a new class of low pass filters with Chebyshev stopband attenuation which are intended for pulse applications and characterized by very small values of the dominant polo Q-factor, Their transfer functions are obtained by computational optimization in the time domain of either step response or impulse response under the constraint of double or higher-order multiplicity of the dominant pair of poles. The comparison with Schüssler filters, which are known for their excellent rise-time-overshoot characteristics, reveals that the new filters yield superior frequency and time domain characteristics and yet they have much smaller values of the dominant pole Q-factor. The pole locations and other important frequency and time-domain parameters are tabulated for optimum step response and for optimum impulse response for n = 5, 6, 7, 8 and several values of the maximum tolerable overshoot.     

Design of FIR digital filters with flatness constraints for the error function

A method will be presented for the approximation of a desired frequency response by the frequency response of a FIR filter. It is possible to match the functional values and an arbitrary number of derivatives of both responses for zero frequency, thus making the error flat up to a desired degree. Remaining degrees of freedom are used for a weightedL ₂-approximation. Closed form design formulae will be given.     

用PAC-Designer设计滤波器

近年来,数字系统的EDA技术及可编程逻辑器件的发展极大地改变了传统电子系统的设计思想和实现方法,但是模拟电路的设计手段似乎还停滞不前。现在,由美国Lattice公司推出的模拟电路在系统可编程技术ispPAC使这种情况发生了变化,为模拟电路的设计自动化翻开了新的一页。ispPAC及PAC-Designer的特点 与数字系统的在系统可编程技术类似,模拟电路的在系统可编程技术允许设计者使用开发软件在计算机中设计和修改模拟电路,并通过编程电缆将设计方案下载到可编程模拟器件中,从而加快设计进程,提高系统设计的准确性,为电子系统设计人员开发产品提供了一条崭新的途径。目前由     

Design of 2D FIR digital filters with flatness constraints for the error function

A method will be presented for the approximation of a desired two-dimensional frequency response by the frequency response of a two-dimensional finite-impulse-response digital filter. It is possible to match the functional values and an arbitrary number of derivatives of both responses for zero frequency, thus making the error flat up to a desired degree. Remaining degrees of freedom are used for anL ₂-approximation. Closed form design formulae will be given.     

Correlation filters with controlled scale response.

Correlation filtering methods are becoming increasingly popular for image recognition and location. The recent introduction of optimal tradeoff circular harmonic function filters allowed the user to specify the response of a correlation filter to in-plane rotation distortion. In this paper we introduce a new correlation filter design that can provide a user-specified response to in-plane scale distortion. The design is based on the Mellin radial harmonic (MRH) transform and incorporates multiple harmonics into the correlation filter for improved discrimination capability. Additionally, the filter design minimizes the average correlation energy in order to achieve sharp correlation peaks, and thus we refer to these filters as minimum average correlation energy Mellin radial harmonic (MACE-MRH) filters. We present underlying theory, a MACE-MRH filter design method, and numerical simulation results.     

Design of multiplierless elliptic IIR filters with a smallquantization error

We present a new technique for the design of multiplierless IIR elliptic filters. The multiplierless filter has all multiplication constants implemented with a small number of shifters and adders. The proposed technique is based on sensitivity analysis. An analytical expression for amplitude response sensitivity is derived for the filter structures consisting of two allpass subfilters in parallel. It is shown that the amplitude response sensitivity to some constant x can be expressed as a product of the filter reflectance function and the phase sensitivity of the allpass section that implements the constant. The closed-form expressions for the phase sensitivities of the first- and second-order allpass sections are also developed. It is shown in the paper that the (n+1)/2 most sensitive constants can be directly controlled by the transfer function parameters if the transfer function is derived by the bilinear transformation from an elliptic minimal Q-factors (EMQF) analog prototype. This way, (n+1)/2 multiplication constants can be implemented without quantization, leaving the filter characteristic strictly elliptic. This is achieved for a class of low-noise allpass sections and for the wave lattice digital filter as well. The quantization of the remaining (n-1)/2 less-sensitive constants is performed using the phase-tolerance scheme and phase-sensitivity functions. The proposed design technique is straight-forward and, consequently, very fast. The application is demonstrated on the examples of narrowband, wideband, and halfband filters     

Method of designing filters with shaped passband response

A method is described for designing filter transfer functions when the amplitude response in the passband is required to approximate a prescribed shape. Because the method is not iterative, it does not encounter the computation problems associated with optimisation techniques.     

基于椭圆球面波函数的数字带通滤波器设计

为设计频谱性能优良的有限冲激响应( FIR)数字带通滤波器,从窗函数的性质及选择指标出发,分析了椭圆球面波函数( PSWF)作为窗函数的优势;在此基础上根据数字滤波器设计的原理和要求,选择0阶基带椭圆球面波函数作为窗函数设计数字带通滤波器,并利用微分方程状态转移矩阵逼近的PSWF求解算法,给出了基于PSWF的FIR数字带通滤波器设计方法。理论分析和仿真结果表明：PSWF数字带通滤波器具有较低的设计复杂度,与Kaiser滤波器和Blackman滤波器相比,其旁瓣衰减有超过7 dB的优势,且具有与两种滤波器相当的通带波纹波动和过渡带宽。     

Design of FIR filters with reduced computations

The performance of a symmetric nonrecursive filter can be improved by multiple use of the same filter. The method is based on an Amplitude Change Function (ACF). An approach to the design of nonrecursive filters using an ACF is discussed in this paper. The prototype filter chosen is a Recursive Running Sum (RRS) filter which does not require any multipliers for its implementation. The required filter specifications are met by multiple use of the RRS filters. The overall filter requires a much smaller number of multiplications and adders than the one designed using the conventional method. It is shown that this method provides reduced noise due to coefficient quantization and product quantization compared with the conventional design technique.     

幂函数分布的振幅型光瞳滤波器

为了提高衍射远场显微成像的分辨率,采用一种振幅透过率随半径呈幂函数分布的光瞳滤波器进行了理论分析和数值模拟。通过在光路中加入幂函数分布的振幅型光瞳滤波器,利用标量衍射理论推导出夫琅禾费衍射分布的计算公式;通过MATLAB软件给出衍射图样,对比衍射分布的主瓣宽度。结果表明,当幂次数为3时,模拟仿真的衍射分布斯特雷尔比为0.16,最大旁瓣强度比为0.1,分辨参量为0.76,分辨率提高倍数为1.3;随着振幅透过率幂次数的增加,主瓣宽度依次减小;同时也伴随着主瓣强度降低和旁瓣强度增大的缺点。这一研究对于远场光学显微镜实现超分辨成像是有帮助的。