E.P.R. study of γ-irradiated single crystals of K2C2O4.H2O and (NH4)2C2O4.H2O

The electron paramagnetic resonance of γ-irradiated single crystals of K₂C₂O₄.H₂O and (NH₄)₂C₂O₄.H₂O has been studied. The spectra show interesting microwave power saturation effects. The singlet spectrum is attributed to the C₂O₄ ^- radical derived from the C₂O₄ ^-- ion. The principal g-values are determined to be 1·998, 2·0028 and 2·0004. Certain weak lines are observed with different power saturation and interpreted as due to OH radicals derived from water molecules in the crystal lattice.     

CF_4-N_2O等离子体刻蚀工艺

等离子体刻蚀(PE)具有成本低、清洁、线条分辨率高以及容易实现工艺自动化等优点.近几年来,随着低温等离子体淀积氮化硅半导体器件表面钝化技术的普及推广,等离子体刻蚀工艺得到了广泛的应用.我们从1981年起在大批量器件生产中应用了等离子体氮化硅刻蚀工艺。几年来由于被加工的器件种类不断增加,PE 工艺本身存在的一些问题陆续暴露了出来.为解决这些问题,我们做了一些工作. 一、小电流放大系数(hFE)的下降 经过等离子体工艺处理过的半导体器件芯片,不可避免地会受到不同程度的高频辐射损伤.等离子体氮化硅钝化工序中造成器件表面损伤的,…     

Ground State Property of LiV2O4

The spinel structure LiV2O4 is studied by local density approximation （LDA） as well as including strong correlation correction potential, i.e. the LDA＋U scheme, which concerns the strongly correlated interaction. With LDA, the orbitals of V 3d and O 2p are well separated so that it presents purely metallic heavv fermion behaviour. The total energy of ferromagnetic phase is slightly lower than that of paramagnetic phase within the LDA ap- proach. This implies that the ferromagnetic instability as a consequence of spin frustrated magnetism can be observed in experiments. The strong correlation interaction by using LDA＋U enhances the exchange splitting. The heavy-fermion feature can be derived from the sharp peak around the Fermi level from the density of states.     

Deflected light structure in NaNH4SeO4·2H2O crystals

Deflection of light studies in function of temperature in NaNH₄SeO₄·H₂O crystal is presented. At 180?K, this compound undergoes a para-ferroelectric/ferroelastic phase transition of the second order. It changes the symmetry from the orthorhombic symmetry class 222 (space group P2₁2₁2₁) to the monoclinic symmetry class 2 (space group P2₁). A distinct deflection pattern, resulting from the ferroelastic domain structure, occurs in the low temperature phase. The intensity of deflected beams varies considerably with temperature. Detailed studies revealed the structure of deflected spots during cooling–heating cycle. These spots change intensity, become more dispersed and finally split with decreasing temperature. Moreover, a variation of deflection angles was observed. A possible explanation of these phenomena is given in a framework of crystals optics.     

Magnetic transitions in K2MnCl4·2H2O

Results of (dM/dH) measurements on tetrahedral K₂MnCl₄·2H₂O as a function of temperature and magnetic field, are presented. An antiferromagnetic transition along the tetragonal axis is observed at T_N = (3.05±0.05) K. The H-T magnetic phase diagram was completely determined, and shows the usual characteristics of that of a low anisotropy antiferromagnet. The T = 0 critical fields are compatible with the values H_E = (29.2±0.3) kOe and H_A = (5.9±0.6) kOe for the exchange and anisotropy fields.     

Das Schwingungsspektrum des monoklinen CaSO4·2H2O

The relations between the imaginary part of the optical dielectric tensor in molecular crystals and transitions active in absorption, derived in a preceding paper [1], are experimentally verified by investigating the vibrational spectrum of monoclinic crystals of gypsum. Reflection spectra of precisely oriented crystal sections were recorded using polarized light between 10 000 cm^?1 and 300 cm^?1 at room temperature and at about 15°K. The eigenfrequencies of polar vibrations and the direction and magnitude of transition moments in the crystal are derived from these spectra. These results definitely support the assumption, that the bands observed between 500 cm^?1 and 300 cm^?1 are caused by hindered rotations of the water molecules. The temperature dependence of the spectra of these molecules in the region of the two stretching modes indicates mixing of these states as a result of the crystalline field. Besides this, mechanisms are discussed, which lead to the decay of excited vibrational modes and thus give rise to the observed temperature dependence of the bandwidths.     

Resonanzaufspaltung im Schwingungsspektrum des CaSO4·2H2O

The resonance- or Davydov- or correlationfield-splittings of the vibrational levels of CaSO₄·2H₂O (gypsum) are calculated using the exciton theory ofDavydov. This theory is extended to include the induced polarization of crystalline matter by the electric fields of the transition dipoles. The numerical calculations are based on an experimental determination of the transition dipole moments and on a calculation of the dipole lattice sums by the Ewald method. The results obtained show, that in most cases the assumption of Coulomb interaction between transition dipoles alone does not completely explain the observed splittings. However, the shift of transition frequency with an increasing longitudinally polarized component of a polar crystal vibration can be predicted by this theory within the limits of accuracy of the experimental determination of transition moments.     

Zero-field NMRON in54Mn-MnCl2·4H2O

We have observed NMRON lines for⁵⁴Mn doped into MnCl₂.4H₂O corresponding to ordering by a strong hyperfine field B_N=60.95 (6) T modified by a weak quadrupole interaction of strength P=+0.52 (7) MHz. The reduction of S_Z for the manganese ion is larger than expected. Point-charge estimates of P yield values which are positive, but smaller than the experimental value.     

BaB_2O_4-K_2O和BaB_2O_4-K_2B_2O_4赝二元系相图的研究

用X射线衍射和差热分析方法研究了BaB_2O_4-K_2O和BaB_2O_4-K_2B_2O_4赝二元系的相平衡关系。BaB_2O_4-K_2B_2O_4属共晶体系,共晶温度为850±3℃,共晶点成分为45mol％K_2O。在BaB_2O_4-K_2O赝二元系中,一新化合物5BaB_2O_4·3K_2O在903±3℃同成份熔化,它与BaB_2O_4形成共晶体系,共晶温度为813±3℃,共晶点成分为25mol％ K_2O。另一新化合物在860±3℃由包晶反应形成,并与K_2O形成共晶体系,共晶温度为788±3℃,共晶点成分约为67.5mol％K_2O。     

YAG laser-induced β-BaB2O4 crystalline dot formation in Sm2O3–BaO–B2O3 glasses

A continuous-wave (CW) YAG laser (power: 0.75–0.9 J/s, irradiation time: 15 s–15 min) with a wavelength of 1064 nm is irradiated to 11.1Sm₂O₃·44.4BaO·44.4B₂O₃ glass, and the formation of β-BaB₂O₄ (β-BBO) crystalline dots with a diameter of 30–150 μm is confirmed from micro-Raman spectra. β-BBO crystals with around 200 μm length grow towards the interior of the glass. The incorporation of Sm³⁺ into β-BBO crystalline dots is suggested from micro-Raman and fluorescence spectra. The second harmonic generation is detected from the array (10×10=100 dots) of β-BBO crystalline dots, indicating that each crystalline dot formed by YAG laser irradiation is a nonlinear optical crystal. CW YAG laser irradiation to glass with Sm³⁺ ions is a nice technique for a spatially controlled crystal growth.     

Fe2P2O7 and Fe2P4O12 studied between 5–800 K

Mössbauer spectra of triclinic Fe₂P₂O₇ indicate the existence of two crystallographic metal positions in the structure. In the paramagnetic region the two Mössbauer doublets are closely overlapping. The magnetic transition takes place at ≈ 21 K and the saturated fields are around 12 tesla for the two positions. In monoclinic Fe₂P₄O₁₂ the two octahedrally coordinated metal positions give quite different quadrupole splittings (1.5 and 3 mm/s at room temperature) and hyperfine field values (42 and 12.5 Tesla at 5 K). The transition temperature is at ≈ 18.5 K.     

Mn2+∶BeAl2O4晶体的光谱特性

应用提拉法技术,采用BeO∶Al2O3∶MnO摩尔比为100∶99.85∶0.30的化学组分配比和二次化料过程,选用约60℃的固液界面温度梯度与1 mm/h生长速度等工艺参量,成功地生长出了Mn2 离子掺杂、无气泡、无云层和核心、尺寸约45 mm×80mm的粉红色Mn2 ∶BeAl2O4晶体。测定了不同部位晶体的激发光谱与荧光光谱。沿着晶体生长方向,晶体颜色逐步变深。在Mn2 ∶BeAl2O4荧光谱中观测到发光中心为543nm的荧光带,这归属于Mn2 的4T1(4G)→6A1(6S)能级跃迁所产生。在其激发光谱中观测到218nm的激发峰,这归属于电子从Mn2 基态到导带的电荷转移跃迁所致。从Mn2 离子的绿色发射情况可以推断Mn2 处于晶体中四面体场中,它取代晶体中Be2 离子的格位。从不同部位晶体的激发峰强度与颜色变化可以得到Mn2 在BeAl2O4晶体中的有效分凝系数小于1。     

Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4和CO2Y添加Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4磁性质对比研究

采用固相反应法制备了Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4和2wt％ Co2Y添加Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4铁氧体多晶样品,并对样品的磁性质进行了研究.实验发现,添加Co2Y后,铁氧体的磁损耗明显下降,相同条件下Q值增大到原来的3倍左右.对添加Co2Y引起铁氧体磁损耗下降的原因进行了讨论,认为主要是钴离子掺杂引起的铁氧体磁滞损耗明显降低所导致的.     

ZnAl2O4/CaAl12O19:Mn4+荧光粉制备与发光性能

采用传统高温固相法制备了系列xZnAl2 O4/CaAl12 O19:Mn4+(xZAO/CAO:Mn4+)混合相红光荧光粉,研究了ZnAl2 O4掺杂对CaAl12 O19:Mn4+形貌和发光性能的影响.X射线衍射(XRD)表征结果表明,在1723 K下煅烧6 h成功合成了xZAO/CAO:Mn4+混合相荧光粉,随着...     

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Study of the Phase Transitions of Rb2CuCl4·2H2O and Cs2MnCl4·2H2O Single Crystals

The physical properties and phase transitions of Rb₂CuCl₄·2H₂O and Cs₂MnCl₄·2H₂O crystals were investigated by performing ⁸⁵Rb, ⁸⁷Rb, and ¹³³Cs nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation analyses. The temperature dependences of the spectra and the spin–lattice relaxation times T ₁ near T _C are related to changes in the symmetry of the octahedrons consisting of four Cl⁻ ions and two water molecules around Rb⁺ or Cs⁺; the forms of these octahedrons are disrupted by the loss of H₂O. The difference between the relaxation times of the two crystals is possibly due to the difference between the electron structures of the Cu and Mn ions. Cu²⁺ has nine valence electrons in its 3d orbital, whereas Mn²⁺ has five valence electrons in its 3d orbital.     

SO2-4/Fe2O3-Al2O3纳米固体酸的红外光谱研究

用IR光谱研究了SO4^2-/Fe2O3-Al2O3纳米固体酸在不同焙烧温度下表面结构与酸性的变化，结果表明，当焙烧温度在450－500℃时，双齿螯合配位结构特征谱带齐全，酸性强，小于450℃时，双齿螯合配位特征谱带不齐全，酸性不强，而大于500℃时，随着温度的升高，特性谱带区域宽化，特征峰消失，酸性变弱。此外，从Fe-O纳米颗粒的特征振动带显示可得知，样品的粒径小于30nm。     

尖晶石氧化物CoCr2O4的多铁性研究

为深入理解化合物CoCr₂O₄奇特的多铁性行为,结合尖晶石晶格结构特点,考虑近邻A-A、A-B、B-B及B位离子间次近邻交换耦合的影响,构建经典海森堡自旋模型对磁致铁电行为进行描述,并采用蒙特卡罗模拟对模型进行求解.重点考察不同磁交换耦合作用下,外磁场对体系磁化行为和电极化行为的调控.结果表明：子晶格B1离子贡献了体系的宏观磁化强度和电极化强度;近邻A-A和B位次近邻交换耦合参数的改变对子晶格A位磁性离子的磁电行为没有影响,但对B位离子的磁化强度和电极化强度有显著的调制作用,尤其是来源于子晶格B1的电极化强度对B位次近邻交换耦合参数的改变极为敏感;这些结果反映了立方尖晶石磁结构中A位和B位磁性离子环境及分布对称性的差异.     

单斜辉石固溶体CaMgSi2O6—N4AlSi2O6的合成机理研究

研究了压力和温度对单斜辉石的结晶和晶粒纤维编织的影响。在较低的晶化温度下压力对单斜辉石结晶的影响很明显，这种影响随温度升高而减弱。然而，压力对单斜辉石晶粒纤维编织的影响正相反，在相同的高温下，较高压力下晶化的单斜辉石晶粒纤维比较低压力下得到的晶粒纤维粗壮，而且编织紧密。