X射线荧光光谱法测定富砷地质样品中的主次痕量元素

利用Axios X射线荧光光谱仪,借助粉末压片制样测定了富砷地质样品中As,S,Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Zr,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Mo,Ba,Pb,SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,MgO,CaO,Na2O和K2O等21种主次痕量元素,用理论α系数校正基体效应,用强度方式计算重叠系数校正重叠干扰。实验结果表明,该方法除Mo的检出限0.8μg/g超出地球化学普查要求检出限0.5μg/g外,其它元素满足要求;除元素Mo的均值方根高于2倍相对计数统计误差外,其它元素的均值方根均小于2倍相对计数统计误差,且绝大多数元素的均值方根(n=12)都小于1.0%;另外,对国家标准物质的测试结果与标准值相一致。将本方法用于实际样品的测试,分析结果与其它化学分析方法相符。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定灰岩中14种主次量元素

采用X射线荧光光谱法对灰岩中的Ca,Mg,Si,K,Na,Fe,Al,Ti,P,S,Mn,Sr,Ba,Cl等14种元素进行同时测定,采用硼酸镶边垫底的粉末压样法,优化了测量条件。对比较轻的元素,采用经验影响系数法校正基体效应,对于较重的元素,采用理论α影响系数法校正基体效应。分析标准参考物质GBW 07132,各元素的精密度(RSD)为0.1%~5.9%,分析标准参考物质GBW 07130,各元素的测定值与标准值相符,该方法对各元素的测定范围宽、速度快。     

粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法测定富硅土壤和沉积物样品中的5种重金属元素

X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤和沉积物中的重金属具有简便、快速、准确等优点,但现有的环境行业标准方法不适用于SiO2含量大于80%的土壤和沉积物。为提高X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤和沉积物中的重金属在环境监测领域中的适用性,建立基于粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法测定富硅土壤和沉积物中重金属的分析方法。通过选取富硅的土壤和沉积物标准物质提高校准曲线的测量范围以及优化各元素的测量条件,探讨基体效应和谱线重叠干扰、研究压片制样的最佳压力等途径,测定富硅土壤和沉积物中的Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn。结果表明在已优化的测定条件下,通过延长校准曲线的测量上限,保证待测元素含量在校准曲线范围内,同时采用经验系数法和康普顿散射内标法校正基体效应,可进一步提高方法的准确度和精密度。方法比对结果显示该方法的测定结果与原子吸收光谱法的测定结果无显著性差异。选用2种不同的富硅标准物质进一步验证方法的精密度和准确度,Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn的测定结果与标准物质认定值的对数误差为0.002~0.08,相对标准偏差为1.0%~4.6%。该方法的精密度和正确度满足土壤和水系沉积物环境监测分析的技术要求,具有良好的应用前景。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定化探样品中主、次和痕量组分

采用粉末样品压片制样,用PW2440X射线荧光光谱仪对化探样品中氯、溴、硫、氧化钠、氧化镁、三氧化二铝、二氧化硅、磷、氧化钾、氧化钙、钛、锰、三氧化二铁、钴、铌、锆、钇、锶、铷、铅、钍、锌、铜、镍、钒、铬、钡、镧、铈、钕、钪、镓、砷、铪等34个组分进行测定。讨论了微量元素的背景选择和谱线重叠校正及氯测定的问题。使用经验系数法和康普顿散射线作内标校正基体效应,经标准物质检验,分析结果与标样值吻合,用GBW 07308国家一级标准物质作精密度试验,统计结果RSD（n=12）除砷、钒、镍、铜〈6．0％,溴、硫、铈、铪、钕、钪、氧化钠、镧、铬、钴和钍〈14．0％以外,其余各组分均小于3．0％。     

X射线荧光光谱法快速测定灰岩样品中主、次量组分

采用粉末压片制样,利用岛津1800型X 射线荧光光谱分析仪,对石灰石、白云石等灰岩类标准物质拟合校准曲线,建立了 X 射线荧光光谱法(XRF)同时测定石灰石、白云石样品中主次量组分(SiO₂、Al₂O₃、TFe₂O₃、MgO、CaO、K₂O、Na₂O、MnO、P)的快速分析方法。通过试验确定了样品粒度要达到74μm以下,30t压力下制片。通过灼烧减量对SiO₂、Al₂O₃、TFe₂O₃、MgO、CaO 含量进行校正,根据其含量与强度的对应关系绘制校准曲线,采用经验系数法可减小元素间的增强-吸收效应。对灰岩类试样进行精密度考察,各组分含量的相对标准偏差 RSD＜2%;对石灰石和白云石标准样品和实际样品进行准确度考察,测定值与标准推荐值或传统方法的测定值一致。     

X射线荧光光谱法测定植物样品中12种元素含量

提出了X射线荧光光谱法测定植物样品中硫、氯、磷、硅、铁、铝、锰、钠、钾、锌、镁、钙等12种元素。样品以微晶纤维素作衬底于模具中进行压片。以GBW 10010～10012、GBW 10014～10016、GBW 10018、GBW 07602～07604、GBW 10020～10028和GBW 07601a等标准物质为基础,采用干、湿混样法配制6个人工合成样品用于制作工作曲线。优化了各元素的基体校正数学模型。方法的检出限(3s)在0.5～610μg.g-1之间;对同一标准物质GBW 07602重复测定7次,测得其相对标准偏差(n=7)在0.11%～4.0%之间。方法用于多种生物标准物质分析,所得结果与认定值相符合。     

X射线荧光光谱法快速测定地质样品中的钼

报道了粉末压片-X射线荧光光谱法快速测定地质样品中的钼,采用经验系数法校正了锶、铀等元素对钼的干扰,分段处理校准曲线使测定结果更准确,同时探讨了制样对测定结果的影响。方法精密度好(RSD为7.91%,n=11),检出限可达到0.48 μg/g。测定过程简单、快速,测定结果与化学值吻合,非常适合地质样品的批量化测定。     

X射线荧光光谱法快速测定锰矿石中的主次组分

采用粉末压片法制样,使用ZSX Primus Ⅱ X射线荧光光谱仪实现了对锰矿样品中锰元素及杂质组分钠、镁、铝、硅、磷、钾、钙、铁的快速测试。虽然方法在分析准确度上不及化学法或熔融制样—X射线荧光光谱法,但方法的精密度好,测试范围广,分析结果与标准值和比对值基本吻合。方法简便、快速,可满足实验室对锰矿石批量检测的要求。     

粉末压饼LA-ICP-MS测定土壤样品中微量元素

研究了采用粉末压饼制样LA-ICP-MS测定土壤样品中多元素的分析方法.在土壤样品中事先加入已知含量的In,并以聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)为粘合剂,在200 KN的压力下制备用于激光剥蚀的压饼.详细讨论了粉末压饼样品中元素的均一性及元素相对信号响应.所建立的方法用于土壤标准参考物质固体样品的直接分析,测定值与参考值具有较好的一致性.     

铑靶康普顿散射校正XRF测定铝用碳素材料中的微量元素

通过对常用粘结剂中杂质元素含量的测定,选择硬脂酸做粘结剂,研磨压片制备样品,用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)测定铝用炭素阳极材料中硫、钒、钠、钙、硅、铁、镍、钛、铝、镁、磷、铅、锌、铬、锰含量的元素含量。通过实验确定了最佳的样品和粘结剂比例为12 g炭素试样加入2 g硬脂酸,研磨时间为20 s。测定铅元素时,选择一点法扣除背景,通过谱线强度数据确定使用PbLβ1做分析线。用铝用炭素阳极材料系列标准样品制作校准曲线,用铑靶康普顿散射内标校正铁、镍、铅、锌、铬、锰等元素,其余元素用经验系数法校正。样品精密度试验表明,样品中各元素测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)一般在8%以下,最高的钠元素和钛元素也在10%左右,未知样品的检测结果与标准结果没有显著性差异。     

Column solid-phase extraction with Chromosorb-102 resin and determination of trace elements in water and sediment samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

A column, solid-phase extraction (SPE), preconcentration method was developed for determination of Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pb ions in drinking water, sea water and sediment samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The procedure is based on retention of analytes in the form of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate complexes on a short column of Chromosorb-102 resin from buffered sample solution and then their elution from the resin column with acetone. Several parameters, such as pH of the sample solution, amount of Chromosorb-102 resin, amount of ligand, volume of sample and eluent, type of eluent, flow rates of sample and eluent, governing the efficiency and throughput of the method were evaluated. The effects of divers ions on the preconcentration were also investigated. The recoveries were >95%. The developed method was applied to the determination of trace metal ions in drinking water, sea water and sediment samples, with satisfactory results. The 3σ detection limits for Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pb and were found to be as 0.10, 0.44, 11, 3.6, and 10 μg l⁻¹, respectively. The relative standard deviation of the determination was <10%. The procedure was validated by the analysis of a standard reference material sediment (GBW 07309) and by use of a method based on coprecipitation.     

Determination of minor elements in steelmaking flue dusts using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Element determination in solid waste products from the steel industry usually involves the time-consuming step of preparing a solution of the solid. Laser ablation (LA) inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been applied to the analysis of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd and Sn, elements of importance from the point of view of their impact on the environment, in electric arc furnace flue dust (EAFD). A simple method of sample preparation as pressed pellets using a mixture of cellulose and paraffin as binder material was applied. Calibration standards were prepared spiking multielement solution standards to a 1:1 ZnO + Fe₂O₃ synthetic matrix. The wet powder was dried and mechanically homogenised. Quantitative analysis were based on external calibration using a set of matrix matched calibration standards with Rh as a internal standard. Results obtained using only one-point for calibration without matrix matched, needing less time for standardization and data processing, are also presented. Data are calculated for flue dust reference materials: CRM 876-1 (EAFD), AG-6203 (EAFD), AG-6201 (cupola dust) and AG-SX3705 (coke ashes), and for two representative electrical arc furnace flue dusts samples from Spanish steelmaking companies: MS-1 and MS-2. For the reference materials, an acceptable agreement with certificate values was achieved, and the results for the MS samples matched with those obtained from conventional nebulization solutions (CN). The analytical precision was found to be better than 7% R.S.D. both within a single pellet and between several pellets of the same sample for all the elements.     

Determination of major,minor and trace elements in Iraqi vegetable samples by INAA

Our aim was to discover a method of separating zirconium(IV) and uranium(VI) from solutions. It is known that Zr(IV) and U(VI) are effectively extracted by tertiary amines from weak acidic sulfate solutions but the possibility of extraction decreases with increasing acidity. The transition from tertiary amine to primary amine Primene JMT enables the extraction of Zr also from more acidic solution. If both Zr and U are present in an aqueous solution, Zr is extracted preferentially and only the free part of the amine can convert uranium to an extract. The separation described below was carried out by preferentially stripping zirconium from the organic phase. The application of nitrate solution (2M HNO₃) to eliminate Zr from the solvent was tested. This method does not demand any special regeneration of the extraction agent and the amine nitrate, formed in the organic phase, can be used for further extraction of Zr without modification. Using this method of separation, a solution for producing pure ZrOCl₂·8H₂O was obtained.     

Method development based on all injection analysis for the determination of phosphorus in soil and sediment extracts

In this work, we have modified the technique of all injection analysis (AIA) by changing the position of the detector. The detection is then located as a part of the circulatory loop. With this new detector position, we could monitor for many numbers of circulation. The sensitivity was improved by using the cumulative signal data obtained when the number of circulation rounds was increased. The dilution effect using this new detector location was also less than that with the previous system. We employed a four-channel peristaltic pump to aspirate four types of liquids into the system together at one time. The AIA method was then developed for determination of phosphorus in soils and sediment extracts. The method was optimized for the new harmonized scheme of extraction that has been developed by the European Commission.     

自动消解仪—ICP法测定水系沉积物中6种重金属元素

建立了自动消解仪-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)同时测定水系沉积物中Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Pb、Co六种元素含量的方法。该方法的相关系数好、检出限低。方法经国家标准物质(GBW07361)验证,准确度和精密度均能达到环境监测分析的要求,为水系沉积物中重金属元素含量的测定提供了简单可靠的分析方法。     

X射线荧光光谱仪快捷、准确测定水玻璃主次量元素

本方法介绍了采用X射线荧光光谱仪测定液体水玻璃中的Al2O3、CaO、MgO、Fe2O3、K2O、Na2O、SiO2的含量。研究了适合直接测定液态水玻璃的制样方式、仪器分析参数,建立了工作曲线并录入数据库中。将该方法对未知样品的测定结果与化学法、ICP-AES法对比分析,证实具有良好的准确度,精密度试验显示RSD在0.38%~14.26% 之间。结果显示本方法的准确度、精密度完全可以满足对水玻璃中上述元素的测定要求。