共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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玉米淀粉与丙烯酸接枝共聚合成高吸水树脂 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
高吸水性树指是七十年代迅速发展起来的一种新型功能高分子材料,由于它吸水速度快且能吸收自身重量数百倍乃至上千倍的水,吸水膨胀后生成的凝胶在加压条件下不易将水析出,而在周围环境缺水的条件下,又可将水缓慢释放出来,因此在农业、园林、医药卫生、沙漠治理、通信电缆等领域具有广泛的用途。近年来,随着高吸水树脂应用范围的不断拓展,其需求量迅速增加,平均年增长率高达30—40%。高吸水树脂根据合成原料的不同,主要分为合成树脂类、纤维素类和淀粉类,合成树脂类生产工艺简单,具有优良的吸水保水能力,但难于降解;纤维素类虽然可降解,但吸水率较低;淀粉类由于原料来源广泛,价格低廉,在自然界中可生物降解,对环境友好,成为吸水树脂领域的研究重点。我国在进行高吸水树脂的研究方面起步较晚, 相似文献
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研究了聚苯乙烯大单体与乙酸乙烯酯的溶液聚合,结果表明,接枝效率随引发剂用量、聚合温度及小单体与大单体的投料比的增加而增加,随大单体的分子量增加而减少,而随单体浓度的变化呈现一最大值。共聚过程中大单体的转化率开始较小单体的增加快,后期变慢。用萃取法纯化的接枝共聚物经GPC、IR、1H-NMR及PGC等表征,并算得平均接枝数为4—7。透射电镜表明接枝共聚物中存在微观相分离。 相似文献
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富含纤维素类农作物秆与丙烯酸接枝共聚制备高倍率吸水树脂 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
用棉花秆、麦秆和玉米秆等富含纤维素类农作物秆与丙烯酸接枝共聚制备了高倍率的吸水树脂. 研究了不同水质(去离子水、自来水及雨水)对接枝产物吸水性能的影响. 采用棉花秆、麦秆、玉米秆与丙烯酸的接枝产物对去离子水的吸水倍率分别为930, 790和630 g/g, 对自来水的吸水倍率分别为670, 350和250 g/g, 用玉米秆/地瓜淀粉混合物制备的接枝产物对雨水的吸水倍率为540 g/g. 为棉花秆、 麦秆及玉米秆等富含纤维素的农作物秆的深加工与应用开辟了一条途径. 相似文献
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丙烯酸与淀粉微波固相接枝共聚反应研究 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9
自由基共聚是淀粉接枝共聚的主要形式,常用的方法有化学引发和Co60辐射引发等。目前这些方法多数都必须在通氮除氧的条件下进行,而且多数体系因含水或溶剂需干燥、洗涤等后处理,使成本增加[1]。固相接枝共聚反应目前报导不多[2]。本文研究了微波辐射下丙烯酸与玉米淀粉的固相接枝共聚反应并得到了比较满意的结果。目前这方面的研究国内外尚未见报导。1 实验部分1.1 原料与仪器玉米淀粉,市售,一级,使用前在真空烘箱中干燥至恒重;丙烯酸(AA),化学纯,使用前经减压蒸馏精制;引发剂过硫酸铵(APS)、过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO),均为化学纯,经重结晶… 相似文献
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本文以X-线衍射、裂解色谱、GPC以及XPS等手段,着重研究了用预辐照法合成的氧化镁、二氧化硅、Y型分子筛等无机化合物与甲基丙烯酸甲酯、苯乙烯、丙烯腈等烯类单体的辐射接枝共聚物。 相似文献
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淀粉接枝共聚丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺煤尘抑尘剂的合成及应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以淀粉为亲水主链,丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺为接枝单体,利用加聚反应合成了新型煤尘抑尘剂.从保湿、凝聚和固结机理出发,测试了其水溶性、吸水保水能力、黏度,以及对煤尘的渗透性和润湿性、凝聚能力、固结能力,评价了其应用性能.结果表明,所合成的煤尘抑尘剂对煤尘具有长效抑尘作用. 相似文献
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A super‐absorbent polymer was prepared by grafting copolymerization of acrylic acid onto Artemisia seed gum, using microwave irradiation and ammonium persulfate as an initiator. The effect of various preparation conditions on its water absorbency, such as the ratio of acrylic acid to Artemisia seed gum, degree of acrylic acid neutralization, amount of initiator and microwave irradiation time, was investigated by orthogonal tests. The optimal reaction conditions were 3 min (irradiation time), 70% neutralization degree of acrylic acid and 2% initiator on the basis of the mass of acrylic acid used. When the mass ratio of acrylic acid to Artemisia seed gum is 5:0.5, the product has a water absorbency close to 400 times at room temperature in distilled water, this indicated that is has a high water absorbency. The structure of the graft copolymer was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT‐IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Further more, this microwave irradiation processing method to prepare water absorbent materials has no industrial cast off produced, that is to say, this method is environmentally friendly. 相似文献
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Synthesis and Characterization of CPE-g-GMA Graft Copolymers Obtained by Suspension Copolymerization
Graft of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto solid-state chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) has been performed by suspension copolymerization in a complex dispersion medium which was a compound with H2O, ethyl acetate (EA) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA). Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) was used as the free radical initiator. The graft level (graft degree and graft efficiency) was calculated gravimetrically, and the graft copolymer was characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and contact angle study. The effects of reaction conditions on graft level, including chemical parameters (the concentration of monomer, initiator, and interfacial agent) and processing parameters (reaction time and temperature), have been investigated in detail. The experimental results showed that GMA could be grafted onto the chain of CPE with comparative higher graft degree, which could reach 37% with graft efficiency above 80%. 相似文献