Preparation, crystal structure, and thermolysis of phenylenediammonium diperchlorate salts

Three salts of phenylenediammonium diperchlorate have been prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography. Their thermal decomposition has been studied by thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and explosion delay (DE) measurements. The kinetics of thermal decomposition was evaluated by model fitting and isoconversional methods using TG data. The oxidation-reduction reactions near the surface of thermolysing perchlorates may be responsible for the decomposition followed by explosion. The possible pathways of thermolysis have also been proposed.     

Syntheses of 1-alkyl-1,2,4-triazoles and the formation of quaternary 1-alkyl-4-polyfluoroalkyl-1,2,4-triazolium salts leading to ionic liquids

1,2,4-triazole was alkylated (alkyl = methyl, butyl, heptyl, decyl) at N-1 in >90% isolated yields. The resulting 1-alkyl triazoles were quaternized at N-4 in >98% isolated yields using fluorinated alkyl halides with >98% isolated yields, under neat reaction conditions at 100-120 degrees C to form N1-CH(3)-N4-(CH(2))(2)C(m)F(2)(m)(+ 1)-triazolium (Taz) iodide (m = 1, 6), N1-C(4)H(9)-N4-(CH(2))(2)C(m)F(2)(m)(+ 1)-Taz iodide (m = 1, 4, 6), N1-C(7)H(15)-N4-(CH(2))(2)C(m)F(2)(m)(+ 1)-Taz iodide (m = 1, 4, 6), N1-C(10)H(21)-N4-(CH(2))(2)C(m)F(2)(m)(+1)-Taz iodide (m = 1, 4), and N1-C(n)H(2)(n )(+ 1)-N4-(CH(2))(2)F-Taz bromide (n = 4, 7, 10). Single-crystal X-ray analyses confirmed the structure of [1-CH(3)-4-CH(2)CH(2)CF(3)-Taz](+)I(-). It crystallized in the orthorhombic space group Pccn, and the unit cell dimensions were a = 13.8289(9) A, b = 17.3603(11) A, c = 9.0587(6) A (alpha = beta = gamma = 90 degrees ). Metathesis of these polyfluoroalkyl-substituted triazolium halides with other salts led to the formation of quaternary compounds, some of which comprise ionic liquids, namely, [R(R(f))-Taz](+)Y(-) (Y = NTf(2), BF(4), PF(6), and OTf), in good isolated yields without the need for further purification: N1-CH(3)-N4-(CH(2))(2)C(m)F(2)(m)( +) (1)-Taz Y (m = 1, 6; Y = NTf(2)), N1-C(4)H(9)-N4-(CH(2))(2)C(m)F(2)(m)(+ 1)-Taz Y (m = 1, 4, 6; Y = NTf(2)), N1- C(7)H(15)-N4-(CH(2))(2)C(m)F(2)(m)(+ 1)-Taz Y (m = 1, 4, 6; Y = NTf(2)), N1-C(10)H(21)-N4-(CH(2))(2)C(m)F(2)(m)(+1)-Taz Y (n = 1, 4; Y = NTf(2)), N1-C(n)H(2)(n )(+ 1)-N4-(CH(2))(2)F-Taz Y (n = 7, 10; Y = NTf(2)), N1-C(10)H(21)-N4-(CH(2))(2)F-TazY (Y = OTf), N1-C(7)H(15)-N4-(CH(2))(2)F-TazY (Y = BF(4)), N1-C(4)H(9)-N4-(CH(2))(2)C(m)F(2)(m) (+ 1)-Taz Y (m = 4, 6; Y = PF(6)), N1-C(7)H(15)-N4-(CH(2))(2)C(4)F(9)-Taz Y (Y = PF(6)), N1-C(4)H(9)-N4-(CH(2))(2)C(m)F(2)(m)(+ 1)-Taz Y (m = 4, 6; Y = OTf). All new compounds were characterized by (1)H, (19)F, and (13)C NMR and MS spectra and elemental analyses. T(g)s and T(m)s of ionic liquids were determined by DSC.     

Recyclization of 2-vinylpyridinium quaternary salts

It is shown that in the reaction of 2-vinylpyridinium quaternary salts with methylammonium sulfite under isomerization recyclization conditions a water molecule adds initially to the double bond of the vinyl substituents, after which the resulting carbinols undergo recyclization to N-alkylaniline derivatives. The reaction is accompanied by a parallel process involving dealkylation of the pyridine ring.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 229–232, February, 1982.     

Reaction of quinazoline derivatives with quaternary salts of heterocyclic bases

The formation of carbocyanine and styryl dyes from quinazoline derivatives and quaternary salts of heterocyclic bases was detected. The intermediate compounds were separated and mechanisms of the reactions were proposed.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 662–670, May, 1992.     

Mechanisms of antioxidant action: The photo-antioxidant mechanisms of the 4-alkyl-2-mercapto thiazolines in polypropylene

An explanation is given for the favourable effect of oxidative processing on the behaviour of the 4-alkyl-2-mercapto thiazoles (RMTs) as photo-antioxidants in polypropylene (PP). The thiols are shown to be oxidised to the corresponding disulphides, followed by further oxidation through radical intermediates to products which have undergone sulphur loss. The chemistry of the oxidative transformations is believed to involve radical species during the early stages of photo-oxidation.     

Formation of hetarylquinolines from quinazoline derivatives and quaternary salts of heterocyclic bases

Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 549–550, March, 1994.     

One-pot synthesis of quaternary pyridinium salts and tetrahydropyridine derivatives of fusidane triterpenoids

Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds - An efficient one-pot method was developed for the preparation of quaternary pyridinium salts and tetrahydropyridine derivatives of fusidane triterpenoids,...     

Influence of structural factors on the thermolysis of 2-alkoxytetrafluoropropionic acid salts

2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl and phenyl trifluorovinyl ethers were obtained by the thermolysis of 2-substituted potassium tetrafluoropropionates ROCF(CF₃)COOK (R = CF₃CH₂; Ph). The reaction mechanism is analyzed     

Stereochemical correlation of diastereomeric 3-amino- with 3-arylamino acids,and their derivatives via stereospecific N-phenylation by diphenylhalonium salts

Diphenylhalonium salts were used in stereospecific N-phenylation of racemic and optically active 3-amino-2,3-diphenyl-1-propanols leading to 3-anilino-2,3-diphenyl-1-propanols. The absolute configurations of the latter and of genetically related compounds were established.

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Stereochemische Korrelation von diastereomeren 3-Amino- mit 3-Arylaminosäuren bzw. ihrer Derivate durch stereospezifische N-Phenylierung mit DiphenylhaloniumsalzenKurze Mitteilung

Zusammenfassung Durch stereospezifische N-Phenylierung mit Hilfe von Diphenylhaloniumsalzen werden racemische sowie optische aktive 3-Amino-2,3-diphenyl-1-propanole in die entsprechenden 3-Anilino-2,3-diphenyl-1-propanole übergeführt. Auf Grund dieser Umwandlung wird die absolute Konfiguration der Aminoalkohole und davon abgeleiteter Derivate ermittelt.

     

Synthesis and hydroxylation of 1-alkyl- and 7-alkyl- 1,3,7-triazapyrenium salts

The regioselectivity of quaternization of 1,3,5-triazapyrenes by alkyl halides has been studied. Oxidative hydroxylation of 1-alkyl- and 7-alkyl-1,3,7-triazapyrenium salts gives 1-alkyl-1,2-dihydro-1,3,7-triazapyren-2-ones or 7-alkyl-6,7-dihydro-1,3,7-triazapyren-6-ones respectively. In the absence of an oxidant the hydroxylation of the 1-alkyl-1,3,7-triazapyrenium salts leads to a hydrolytic cleavage of the heterocycle.     

Synthesis and structure of quaternary salts of acridinylhetarylmethanes and their anhydro bases

Quaternary salts of 9-acridinylhetarylmethanes were obtained by condensation of acridine with alkiodides of 2- and 4-methyl derivatives of nitrogen heterocycles in the presence of air oxygen. A study of the spectra of the acridinylhetarylmethanes and their quaternary salts and anhydro bases indicates tautomeric transfer of the hydrogen atom of the methylene group to the nitrogen atom of the acridine fragment in monoquaternized acridinylhetarylmethanes.     

Reaction of 2-arylazobenzimidazolium quaternary salts with amines

Different behaviors of aromatic and nonaromatic amines with respect to a change in the structure of the salt and variations in the reaction conditions were revealed in a study of the reaction of 2-arylazobenzimidazolium quaternary salts with amines. Aliphatic and secondary cyclic amines react at comparable rates via pathways involving cleavage of the azo group and replacement of the hydrogen in the para position relative to the azo group. The reaction with aromatic amines proceeds primarily via the amination pathway, and a methyl group in the meta position relative to the azo group facilitates replacement of the hydrogen atom significantly.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 817–824, June, 1982.     

Reactions of quaternary salts of benzo derivatives of phenazine with nucleophilic reagents

The electronic structures of benzo[a]phenazine and dibenzo[a,c]phenazine have been studied by the MO LCAO method. The reactions of four quaternary salts with oxomethylene compounds and with quaternary salts of nitrogenous heterocycles have been described. The absorption spectra of the dyes obtained are given.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1552–1557, November, 1973.     

Investigation of the structure and complex-formation of isomeric pyrrolophenanthridines and their quaternary salts by1H and13C NMR spectroscopies

It has been shown by NMR spectroscopy that quaternary salts of the isomeric pyrrolophenanthridine series from - self-associates of the stacking structure type in an aqueous medium. The changes in the protonic chemical shifts in DMSO and in water that have been found have enabled the structure of a - self-associate of a salt of the isomer showing the greatest antitumoral activity to be obtained. The order and the values of the self-association constants for the methosulfates of the pyrrolophenanthridines investigated have been calculated from the concentration dependences of the protonic CSs.D. I. Mendeleev Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 407–413, May–June, 1991.     

NMR and IR spectroscopic study of the structure of quaternary salts of 1-vinylpyrazoles

Conclusions IR and NMR spectral analysis indicated that quaternization of 1-vinylpyrazoles leads to a decrease in conjugation between the heterocycle and the vinyl group and to a significant leveling out of the charges on the atoms in the heterocycle and vinyl group.DeceasedTranslated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 1007–1012, May, 1985.     

Alkylbenzonaphthyridinones and benzonaphthyridinium quaternary salts

Four methyl and ethylbenzonaphthyridinones, along with two ethylbenzonaphthyridinium iodides, 2.5-dimethyl-1,5-benzo[c]naphthyridinium iodide, as well as three isomeric N-3-bromopropylbenzonaphthyridinium bromides have been synthesized and their structures confirmed by¹H NMR spectroscopy. Biological data (minimal inhibitory concentrations) for two of the obtained compounds are presented.Institute of Chemistry, Pedagogical University, 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 7, pp. 944–950, July, 2000.