协整分析在我国第三产业与GDP关系研究中的应用

运用协整理论,对我国第三产业产值与GDP进行研究,探索经济变量间的内在关系,以期发现两者之间是否存在动态均衡关系.并通过模型分析GDP与第三产业产值的关系,为有关部门制定政策提供参考.     

城市轨道交通运营规模与经济发展的耦合协调性分析

城市轨道交通运营规模与经济协调发展是城市轨道交通健康发展的基础.为研究城市轨道交通运营规模与经济发展的耦合协调性,采用了物理学的耦合模型对2007-2019年城市轨道交通和经济发展数据进行了实证分析,对城市轨道交通运营规模和经济发展的综合水平、耦合度、耦合协调度进行了测算.研究表明:城市轨道交通运营规模和经济发展综合水...     

第三产业对新疆县域经济发展的实证分析——基于空间面板数据模型

新疆经济正处于新旧产业结构转型升级的重要时期,探索第三产业和地区生产总值之间的关系对新疆经济发展有着重要意义.以2010-2016年新疆83个县域单元为研究对象,利用双变量LISA模型、空间面板杜宾模型等方法,分析了第三产业对新疆经济发展的空间溢出效应.结果表明:各个县域经济发展存在着显著、稳定的空间自相关性,第三产业值的增长不但可以促进本地区经济增长,而且对邻接地区的经济增长也具有显著的空间溢出效应.     

用统计分析方法探讨西部区县旅游业的发展

运用主成分分析方法,对影响西部区县旅游业发展的因素进行分析,探寻西部区县旅游业发展的规律,并建立旅游业收入的主成份回归模型。     

我国城镇居民消费与收入关系的空间自回归模型研究

本文利用我国31个省市2005年的城镇居民消费和收入统计数据,对我国城镇居民的消费与收入关系进行了空间自回归模型研究。研究结果表明,我国城镇居民的消费存在显著的空间相关性.在此基础上,对所建立的空间自回归模型进行了比较、选择和评价.     

长沙市居民娱乐消费与收入关系的数学模型及分析

运用调查统计、回归建模和数学分析等方法,研究了长沙居民收入与娱乐消费之间的定量关系,其中包括1区别于统计局发布的对长沙市居民消费分类,通过社会采访调查的方法分性别、年龄、收入差异等3个维度更准确地测算长沙市城镇居民娱乐消费的消费额.2基于调查数据,分别构建了不同年龄段、不同性别的居民娱乐消费与其收入之间的回归模型.3通过分析回归模型的性质,揭示了长沙市城镇居民娱乐消费的规律性.研究结果对政府部门的决策优化具有重要的启示作用.     

我国环境污染、对外贸易和工业发展的关系探究

使用Eviews6.0软件分析1983年至2011年的统计数据,研究环境污染、对外贸易和工业发展之间的关系.首先,使用熵值法构造环境污染综合评价指数.然后,使用Grange检验确定三个变量之间的因果关系,使用VAR模型求解三者之间的量化关系,研究了脉冲响应分析和方差分解.结果表明:对外贸易会影响工业发展,对外贸易的变动冲击在前期会促进工业发展,随着年数的增加,其作用逐渐减少;对外贸易对环境的冲击表现为先增加然后平稳的减少;工业发展对环境污染的冲击最大出现在第二期,最后,采用分位数回归研究变量关系在不同分位点的变化规律,结果表明:对外贸易在各个分位点上都是高度显著的促进工业发展;对外贸易仅在高分位点上是显著的带来环境污染.     

我国金融发展与城乡收人差距关系研究

我国城乡收入差距近几十年来持续拉大,城乡收入差距与金融发展之间存在着密切的关系,得到大多数学者的认同.从实证角度分析,利用全国30个省、直辖市、自治区35年的面板数据分别建立全国、东部、中部和西部的面板数据模型,结果显示金融发展与城乡收入差距存在着长期稳定的均衡关系,且金融发展规模显著拉大城乡收入差距,这种拉大效应在东中西部呈倒"U"型关系,我国并未出现拐点;金融发展效率的提高在我国整体及东中部地区能缩小城乡收入差距;城镇化仍然是引起我国城乡收入差距持续扩大的重要原因,我国还未进入发达国家城镇化提高能缩小城乡收入差距的拐点阶段.     

非齐次投入产出模型中消费与生产的关系

本文研究如下非齐次投入产出模型：得到结论：降低消耗、减少消费将提高生产率，而增加消费将延迟经济崩溃的时间．     

基于VAR的中国总产值、总消费、总投资关系研究及预测

先通过VAR模型的脉冲响应分析和方差分解,研究了中国总产值变化量、总消费变化量和总投资变化量之间的关系,得出总消费和总投资联合对总产值有正的影响,而总消费和总投资之间相互影响、方向相同.其次,通过建立VECM模型分析了中国总产值、总消费、总投资之间的短期非均衡关系及其调整机制,并进行了短期预测.     

我国居民消费与GDP的误差修正模型研究

本文从协整理论出发 ,对我国居民消费与GDP建立了误差修正模型 ,深入探索经济变量数据间的内在关系 ,发现两者间存在动态均衡关系 ,比传统计量经济模型更能充分利用社会信息 ,形成有效预期     

On the existence,uniqueness and stability of solutions for semi-linear generalized elasticity equation with general damping term

In this paper, we consider a semi-linear generalized hyperbolic boundary value problem associated to the linear elastic equations with general damping term and nonlinearities of variable exponent type. Under suitable conditions, local and global existence theorems are proved. The uniqueness of the solution have been gotten by eliminating some hypotheses that have been imposed by other authors for different particular problems. We show that any solution with nontrivial initial datum becomes stable.     

Consumer price sensitivity in the retail industry: Latitude of acceptance with heterogeneous demand

Estimating the effect of price changes on demand is an essential task for retailers. This study proposes a methodology based on consumer utility for modeling the price thresholds phenomenon that allows for threshold asymmetry, incorporates consumer heterogeneity and uses weekly aggregated brand-level data. Unlike other studies based on consumer utility models, which generate results only for the price elasticity of market share, a methodology for estimating price elasticity of demand is also included. Data on fast-moving goods (detergents, toilet paper, soft drinks, meats, liquid juices and yogurts) supplied by a major retail chain are used to demonstrate the existence of price thresholds and their effects on price elasticity. In every case it was found that within the thresholds or latitude of acceptance, consumers are relatively less sensitive to price variations while beyond them a higher sensitivity was observed. In some cases a product brand was classified as inelastic within the latitude of acceptance and elastic outside of it.     

Markov-Modulated风险模型的极大值、极小值及零点数的联合分布

本文基于保险公司在首次破产后仍能继续运转的情形,讨论并得到了Markov-modulated风险模型中关于末离零点前盈余过程极大值、极小值及零点数的联合分布.     

The path relation for directed planar graphs in rectangles, and its relation to the free diad

In this paper, we define the path relation of a directed graph to be the relation which relates two vertices if there is a path from the first to the second. We study the restriction of this relation to paths from sources to sinks, and consider the question of when two finite graphs embedded in a rectangle give the same relation. We find a set of local changes to these graphs which can be used to get between any two graphs for which this relation is the same. Furthermore, we classify the relations which can arise as this relation for a finite directed graph embedded in a rectangle as the triconvex relations between finite ordinals (defined in this paper).This work originated from some of the author’s work on category theory. It turns out that the category of finite ordinals and relations that can be the path relation of a directed graph embedded in a rectangle, is relevant to the study of diads—introduced by the author as a common generalisation of monads and comonads (note that the terms diad and dyad have been used to mean different things by other authors). More specifically, the referee of one of the author’s papers suggested that it would be useful to identify the category which plays the role for diads that the category of finite ordinals and order-preserving functions plays for monads. It turns out that the category of finite ordinals and relations that can be path relations of graphs embedded in a rectangle, is exactly the category that plays this role.     

The elixir of life: using a maintenance, repair and replacement model based on virtual and operating age in the water industry

Processing equipment in the water industry is subject to decayand requires maintenance, repair and eventual replacement. Thechallenge of competition within the water industry and the accompanyingregulatory regime requires that actions be integrated and costeffective. This is an industry, which has considerable dataon the failure of its equipment, but until recently very fewmodels of the maintenance process have been built. This paper describes the context of this problem for cleanwater processing where the equipment is that required to purifywater. It proposes a model based on the virtual and operatingage of the components. The operating age reflects the true ageof the equipment while the virtual age allows for the cumulativeeffect of maintenance actions performed on the equipment. Themodel also allows for different types of equipment by describingdegradation by Cox's proportional hazards model. Thus the specialfeatures of the equipment and environment in which the equipmentoperates are described by a set of characteristics, which modifythe hazard rate of the failure time of the equipment. This approachusing Cox's model with virtual and operating age can be appliedto other processing industries including the gas industry andthe ‘dirty water’ side of the water industry. The model is formulated as a stochastic dynamic programmingor Markov decision process and the form of the optimal policyis determined. This shows that repair and replacement shouldonly be performed when the equipment has failed and describesgeneral conditions when replacement is appropriate. The optimalpolicy is calculated numerically using the value iteration algorithmfor a specific example based on data on failure.     

Solving real-world cutting stock-problems in the paper industry: Mathematical approaches,experience and challenges

We discuss cutting stock problems (CSPs) from the perspective of the paper industry and the financial impact they make. Exact solution approaches and heuristics have been used for decades to support cutting stock decisions in that industry. We have developed polylithic solution techniques integrated in our ERP system to solve a variety of cutting stock problems occurring in real world problems. Among them is the simultaneous minimization of the number of rolls and the number of patterns while not allowing any overproduction. For two cases, CSPs minimizing underproduction and CSPs with master rolls of different widths and availability, we have developed new column generation approaches. The methods are numerically tested using real world data instances. An assembly of current solved and unsolved standard and non-standard CSPs at the forefront of research are put in perspective.     

基于加总和乘积的方差分解法及其应用

研究了加总式和乘积式的方差分解问题,证明了在因变量等于各自变量之和的条件下,因变量方差等于各自变量与因变量的协方差之和;在因变量等于各自变量之乘积的条件下,因变量对数值的方差等于各自变量对数值与因变量对数值的协方差之和．以中国31个省份2005－2012年的居民人均收入及其影响因素的统计数据资料为例,说明了加总式和乘积式的方差分解法的具体应用．     

The Indian auto component industry – Estimation of operational efficiency and its determinants using DEA

In this paper, the performance analysis of the Indian auto component industry is carried out from the perspectives of an original equipment manufacturer and a component supplier. Various efficiency measures are estimated using Data Envelopment Analysis with publicly available financial data on a representative sample of 50 firms. The first stage analysis reveals various operational inefficiencies in the auto component industry which are subsequently decomposed into technical, input mix and scale efficiencies. The study finds evidence that a majority of the inefficient firms are operating in the diminishing returns to scale region and demonstrates potential savings through benchmark input targets. A second stage analysis aimed at exploring root causes of inefficiencies finds that substitution of labour for capital could be causing a variety of inefficiencies including the input mix inefficiency in the Indian component industry. The empirical results also suggest that, unlike the global auto supply chain, higher average inventories are required for higher operational efficiencies in the Indian context. Contrary to the popular expectations, the technology licensing does not show significant influence on efficiency, at least in the short term, whereas efficient working capital management does result in higher operational efficiencies. The study also unearths the need to reform labour laws which are significantly contributing to various inefficiencies in the Indian component industry.     

Markov-modulated风险模型破产前最大盈余额与破产赤字的联合分布

应用逐段决定马尔可夫过程理论及补充变量技巧,使Markov-modulated风险过程成为齐次强马尔可夫过程,然后利用强马氏性及首达时间分布给出了其破产前最大盈余额与破产赤字的联合分布.