直线与平面垂直判定定理新证

如图 ,ｌ1 α ,ｌ2 α ,ｌ1∩ｌ2 =Ｐ ,则ｌ⊥ｌ1 且ｌ⊥ｌ2 ｌ⊥α .证明　在ｌ1 ,ｌ2 ,ｌ上各取一段向量 ,不妨皆取单位向量 :如图ｅ1——→ ,ｅ2——→,ｅ3——→.ｌ⊥ｌ1 ｅ1——→·ｅ3——→=0 ,ｌ⊥ｌ2 ｅ2——→·ｅ3——→=0 ,ｌ1 ∩ｌ2 =Ｐ 可由ｅ1——→,ｅ2——→ 确定整个平面α上的任何向量 .即对平面α上任一向量ｖ——→,可表为ｖ——→ =λ1 ｅ1——→+λ2 ｅ2——→,从而　ｅ3——→·ｖ——→=ｅ3——→·(λ1 ｅ1——→ +λ2 ｅ2——→)　　 =λ1 ｅ3——→·ｅ1——→ +λ2 ｅ3——→·ｅ2——→ =0 ,从而ｌ与平面…     

综合题新编选登

题 73　 双曲线 x2a2- y2b2 =1(a >0 ,b >0 )的左、右焦点分别为F1,F2 ,点P(x0 ,y0 )是双曲线右支上一点 ,且x0 >2a .I为△PF1F2 的内心 ,直线PI交x轴于Q点 ,若 |F1Q| =|PF2 | ,当a ,b变化时 ,求I分PQ的比λ的取值范围 (见图 1) .解　设双曲线半焦距为c ,则c =a2 +b2 .∵I为PQ的内分点 ,则λ =PIIQ=|PI||IQ| .由内角平分线定理知|PI||IQ| =|PF1||F1Q| =|PF2 ||F2 Q| .又∵ |F1Q| =|PF2 | .∴|PI||IQ| =|PF1||PF2 | ,可得|PI| - |IQ||IQ| =|PF1| - |PF2 ||PF2 | =2a|PF2 | ,|PI||IQ| =|F1Q||F2 Q| ,可得|PI| …     

On approximation of smooth functions from null spaces of optimal linear differential operators with constant coefficients

For a real valued function f defined on a finite interval I we consider the problem of approximating f from null spaces of differential operators of the form Ln(ψ) = n ∑ k=0 akψ(k), where the constant coefficients ak ∈ R may be adapted to f . We prove that for each f ∈ C(n)(I), there is a selection of coefficients {a1, ,an} and a corresponding linear combination Sn( f ,t) = n ∑ k=1 bkeλkt of functions ψk(t) = eλkt in the nullity of L which satisfies the following Jackson’s type inequality: f (m) Sn(m )( f ,t) ∞≤ |an|2n|Im|1/1q/ep|λ|λn|n|I||nm1 Ln( f ) p, where |λn| = mka x|λk|, 0 ≤ m ≤ n 1, p,q ≥ 1, and 1p + q1 = 1. For the particular operator Mn(f) = f + 1/(2n) f(2n) the rate of approximation by the eigenvalues of Mn for non-periodic analytic functions on intervals of restricted length is established to be exponential. Applications in algorithms and numerical examples are discussed.     

Fujita-Liouville Type Theorem for Coupled Fourth-Order Parabolic Inequalities

This paper deals with a coupled system of fourth-order parabolic inequalities |u|t ≥ 2u + |v|q,|v|t ≥ 2v + |u|p in S = Rn × R+ with p,q > 1,n ≥ 1.A FujitaLiouville type theorem is established that the inequality system does not admit nontrivial nonnegative global solutions on S whenever n4 ≤ max(ppq+11,pqq+11).Since the general maximum-comparison principle does not hold for the fourth-order problem,the authors use the test function method to get the global non-existence of nontrivial solutions.     

OPTIMAL SUMMATION INTERVAL AND NONEXISTENCE OF POSITIVE SOLUTIONS TO A DISCRETE SYSTEM

In this paper, we are concerned with properties of positive solutions of the following Euler-Lagrange system associated with the weighted Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality in discrete form{uj =∑ k ∈Zn u~q_k/(1 + |j|)α(1 + |k- j|)λ(1 + |k|)β,(0.1)vj =∑ k ∈Zn u~p_k/(1 + |j|)β(1 + |k- j|)λ(1 + |k|),where u, v 0, 1 p, q ∞, 0 λ n, 0 ≤α + β≤ n- λ,1p+1λ+αnand1p+1+1q+1≤λ+α+βn:=λˉn. We first show that positive solutions of(0.1) have the optimal summation interval under assumptions that u ∈ lp+1(Zn) and v ∈ lq+1(Zn). Then we show that problem(0.1) has no positive solution if 0 λˉ pq ≤ 1 or pq 1 and max{(n-)(q+1)pq-1,(n-λˉ)(p+1)pq-1} ≥λˉ.     

Sharp constants in the doubly weighted Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality

It is well known that the doubly weighted Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev inequality is as follows,Z Rn Z Rn f(x)g(y)|x||x.y||y|dxdy6 B(p,q,,,,n)kfkLp(Rn)kgkLq(Rn).The main purpose of this paper is to give the sharp constants B(p,q,,,,n)for the above inequality for three cases:(i)p=1 and q=1;(ii)p=1 and 1q 6∞,or 1p 6∞and q=1;(iii)1p,q∞and 1p+1q=1.In addition,the explicit bounds can be obtained for the case 1p,q∞and 1p+1q1.     

广义线性模型中极大拟似然估计的渐近正态性与强相合性

在广义线性模型中,当λn→∞,supi≥1 E||ei||2+α<∞(对某个α>0), 且其他一些正则条件满足时,证明了极大拟似然估计(MQLE)是渐近正态的;进 一步假定 ,证明了MQLE是强相合的,其中λn(λn) 是∑i=1 nZiZiT的最小(最大)特征根,Zi是有界的p×q回归系数,ei=yi-Eyi,yi 是q×1响应变量．也讨论了设计阵Zi是自适应的情形．     

关于正定厄米特矩阵的一个不等式的推广

本文推广了正定厄米特矩阵的一个不等式 ,得到以下结果 :设 A( i) ,B( i) ,… ,C( i) ( i=1 ,2 ,… ,m)都是 n阶正定厄米特矩阵 ,A( i)11,B( i)11,… ,C( i)11为其相应矩阵的 k阶顺序主子阵 ,1≤ k≤ n-1 ,α,β,… ,γ都是正实数 ,且 α+β+… +γ=p≥ 1 ,则有∑mi=1|A( i) |α|A( i)11|α,|B( i) |β|B( i)11|β… |C( i) |γ|C( i)11|γ) <∑mi=1A( i) α∑mi=1A( i)11α.∑mi=1B( i) β∑mi=1B( i)11β…∑mi=1C( i) γ∑mi=1C( i)11γ     

Lower and upper bounds of Dirichlet eigenvalues for totally characteristic degenerate elliptic operators

Let λkbe the k-th Dirichlet eigenvalue of totally characteristic degenerate elliptic operator-ΔB defined on a stretched cone B0 ■ [0,1) × X with boundary on {x1 = 0}. More precisely,ΔB=(x1αx1)2+ α2x2+ + α2xnis also called the cone Laplacian. In this paper,by using Mellin-Fourier transform,we prove thatλk Cnk2 n for any k 1,where Cn=(nn+2)(2π)2(|B0|Bn)-2n,which gives the lower bounds of the Dirchlet eigenvalues of-ΔB. On the other hand,by using the Rayleigh-Ritz inequality,we deduce the upper bounds ofλk,i.e.,λk+1 1 +4n k2/nλ1. Combining the lower and upper bounds of λk,we can easily obtain the lower bound for the first Dirichlet eigenvalue λ1 Cn(1 +4n)-12n2.     

一类非线性椭圆边值问题解的存在性

目前 ,对 s——拉普拉斯算子△s的研究是较为活跃的数学课题 .原因在于算子 -△s与许多物理现象有关 .比如 :反射扩散问题 ,石油提取问题等等 .基于此因 ,在文 [3]的基础上 ,我们将继续研究以下非线性边值问题在 Ls(Ω) ,( 1 2 nn+1 )中解的存在条件 .-△su +g( x,u) =f几乎处处在Ω中-〈 ,| u|s- 2 u〉 =0几乎处处在Γ上其中 f∈Ls( Ω)给定 ,Ω Rn( n 1 ) ,△su=div( | u|s- 2 u) ,g∶Ω× R→ R满足 Caratheodory条件 .本文把文 [3]关于非线性边值问题 @在 Lp( Ω) ( 2 p<+∞ )空间中解的存在性的研究推广到 Ls( Ω) ( 1 2 nn+1 )空间中 .     

指数分布族参数的渐近最优与可容许的经验Bayes估计

在平方损失下 ,构造了指数族 { f(x|λ) =λe-λx,λ >0 ,x >0 }的参数λ的渐近最优与可容许的经验Bayes估计 ,即δn=(n +u + 1n1φ(n) + 1) β1+ βX,其中X1,X2 ,…Xn(历史样本 )和X(当前样本 )独立同分布于 f(x) ,Sn= ni=11n(1+ βXi) ,φ(n) =1n(Sn+ 1n(1+ βX) +v- 1) ,u >0 ,v >0 ,β >0 (已知 )为任意的实数 ,并证明了该估计的收敛速度为O(n- 1)。     

多元正系数代数多项式倒数对非负连续函数的逼近

设d≥1为正整数,S为Rd中的单纯形,C(S)为S上的连续函数类,f(x)∈C(S),f(x)≥0,f≠0,则文中证明存在Pn(x)∈Ⅱ+n,d={Pn(x)=∑|k|≤n akxk(1-|x|)n-|k|x∈S,ak≥ 0},绝对常数C＞0使||f-1/Pn||≤C[ωψ(f,1/√n)+||f||/√n],这里k,x∈Rd,k=(k1,k2,…,kd),x=(x1,x2,…,xd),|k|=k1+k2+…+kd,|x|=x1+x2+…+xd,xk=x1k1x2k2…xdkd,ωψ(f,t)为单纯形S上的一阶Ditzian-Totik光滑模,||f||=maxx∈S|f(x)|.     

关于学生数学分析理解思考能力的一次测试试题

1 λ =supA且λ A ,则以下正确的是 :(A)存在单调增加数列an∈A使得limn→∞an=λ ;　 (B)存在数列an=λ -1n ∈A使得limn→∞an=λ ;(C)存在单调减少数列an∈A使得limn→∞an=λ ;　 (D)存在数列an=λ+1n ∈A使得limn→∞an=λ。2 数列 {an}满足 :对任意正数N ,存在正数ε,当n N时有 |an-a| ε,那么(A)数列 {an}收敛 ;　　　　　　　　　 (B)数列 {an}恒为常数 ;(C)数列 {an}当n充分大时恒为常数 ;(D)数列 {an}有界。3 limn→∞1nn !=0的证明 :(1 )对任意正数ε,limn→∞1n !εn=0 ;(2 )所以 ,存在N ,当n N时 ,1n !εn 1 ;(3 …     

ON UNIQUENESS OF SOLUTION TO POINTWISE LANDAU PROBLEM ON THE FINITE INTERVAL

1. Introduction Let W_∞~((r)) (β) = {f| f∈W_∞~((r)) [-1,1], ||f||_(C[-1,1]) β, ||f~((r))||_∞ 1}.In this paper, we will consider the following Landau problem:λf~((k))(ξ) + μf~((k-1)) (ξ) →inf, f∈W_∞~((r)) (β), (1.1)where ξ∈[-1,1], 1(?)k(?)r-1, and λ, μ real and not all zero, (if k=1,suppose λ≠0 in addition ). A. Pinkus studied it first. To begin with, we introduce some fundamental definitions anddenotions. The perfect spline f, which satisfies || f~((r))||_∞ = 1 andhas n knots and n+r+1 points of equioscillation in [-1,1], isdenoted by x_(nr), which is refered as Tchebyshev perfect spline. And     

关于布尔矩阵行空间基数的若干存在区间

Let B_n be the set of all n×n Boolean Matrices;R(A) denote the row space of A∈B_n,|R(A)| denote the cardinality of R(A),m,n,k,l,t,i,γ_i be positive integers,S_i,λ_i be non negative integers.In this paper,we prove the following two results: (1)Let n≥13,n-3≥k > S_l,S_(i+1)> S_i,i = 1,2,…,l-1.if k+l≤n,then for any m=2~k+2~(S_(l)) + 2~(S_(l-1))+…+ 2~(S_(1)),there exists A∈B_n,such that |R(A)|= m. (2)Let n≥13,n-3≥k>S_(n-k-1)> S_(n-k-2)>…>S_1>λ_t>λ_(t-1)>…>λ_1,2≤t≤n-k.If existγ_i(k+1≤γ_i≤n-1,i=1,2,…,t-1)γ_i<γ_...     

等比数列中的几个问题

下列说法都是错的,试说明错在哪里? 1 设等比数列{an}的公比q,|q|<1,则此数列为单调递减数列。 2 b~2=ac是a、b、c组成等比数列的充要条件 3 设n为奇数a,x_1,x_2…,x_n, b均为实数,且at<0,则a,x_1,x_2,…x_n,b可以组成一个等比数列。 4 已知a,b,c,d成等比数列,则a+b,b+c,c+d成等比数列。     

一类带有Neumann边值条件的拟线性椭圆外部问题的多解性

该文考虑下面的带有Neumann边值条件的拟线性椭圆外部问题-div(a(x)|▽u|p-2▽u)+b(x)|u|p-2u=λh1(x)|u|q-2u+h2(x)|u|r-2u+g(x),x∈Ω,u/n=0,x∈Ω其中1pN,1qprp*,p*=Np/(N-p),Ω是欧几里德空间(R~N,|·|)(N≥3)中的光滑外部区域,也就是说,Ω是某个带有C~(1,δ)(0δ1)边界的有界区域Ω'的补集,n是其边界Ω的单位外法向量,λ是一个正参数.由山路引理和Ekeland变分原理,我们得出:当函数a(x),b(x),h_1(x),h_2(x)和g(x)满足一定的条件时,该方程至少有两个非平凡弱解.     

Existence of Some Specific Elements in Finite Fields北大核心CSCD

Let q = pk and Fqn be the extension field of Fq of degree n, where p is an odd prime and n, k are positive integers. The main contribution of this paper is as follows: If n | (q − 1), k ≥ 11, n ≥ 14 or n (q − 1), k ≥ 10, n ≥ 8, then there exists a primitive element α in Fqn such that α + α−1 is a normal element, and 1 + α2 is a square element, and there exists a normal element β, such that β + β−1 is a primitive element, and 1 + β2 is a square element. © 2022 Chinese Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.     

一道椭圆试题的研究

1一道试题及疑问如图1,已知A,B,C是长轴长为4的椭圆上的三点,点A是长轴的一个端点,BC过椭圆中心O,且AC·BC=0,|BC|=2|AC|,(1)建立适当的坐标系,求椭圆方程;(2)如果椭圆上有两点P,Q,使∠PCQ的平分线垂直于AO,证明:存在实数λ,使PQ=λAB.该题的解答如下:(1)以O为原点,OA为x轴建立直角坐标系,如图2,设椭圆方程为x42 by22=1.由条件易知△AOC为等腰三角形,C(1,1),B(-1,-1),将C点坐标代入椭圆方程得b2=34,故椭圆方程为x42 34y2=1;(2)由于∠PCQ的平分线垂直于AO,设PC的斜率为k,则QC的斜率为-k,因此PC,QC的直线方程分别为y=k(x-…     

求lim from(n→∞)(Sn)的方法

在求数列极限时 ,我们经常遇到求limn→∞ Sn 问题 ,灵活把握住以下两点将能快速求解 ,下面结合高考题加以说明 .1　不必求Sn对于所给数列是无穷等比递缩数列 (即公比q≠ 0 ,且 |q|<1) ,可以不必先求Sn,直接利用公式limn→∞ Sn=S =a11-q简捷解决 .例 1　 (2 0 0 3年北京高考题 )若数列 {an}的通项公式为an=3-n+2 -n+(- 1) n(3-n- 2 -n)2 ,n =1,2 ,… ,则limn→∞(a1+a2 +a3 +… +an)等于 (　　 )(A) 112 4 .　　 (B) 172 4 .　　 (C) 192 4 .　　 (D) 2 52 4 .解　 (不必先求Sn)原通项公式可以改写为an=12n,n为奇数 ,13n,n为偶数 ,于是…