低应力铌酸锂电光调Q开关的研究

本文分析了铌酸锂晶体应力,按照来源包括热应力、缺陷应力、加工应力和晶体受到的外力等.对铌酸锂晶体热处理时固溶体脱溶问题的初步分析,采用合适的工艺对晶体毛坯进行了去应力热处理;在调Q开关制作时开发了弹性装配技术取代传统的硬性夹持方案,消除了夹持应力对电光调Q开关的影响.制备的铌酸锂电光调Q开关得到了实际应用,有效提高了激光器工作的温度稳定性.     

高温度稳定性系列铌酸锂电光调Q开关的研制

通过对影响铌酸锂电光调Q开关工作温度稳定性的原因分析,认为晶体自身的应力是导致铌酸锂电光调Q开关温度稳定性差的主要原因.而减小晶体自身应力的关键主要取决于晶体光学质量的均匀性,同时,组分的波动也会使晶体产生应力.为此利用前期大尺寸铌酸锂晶体质量大幅提高的结果,配合适当的热处理工艺,研制出了系列铌酸锂调Q开关,通过在1064 nm、1318 nm、2128 nm等激光器中应用,这些调Q开关均能稳定工作,完全能够满足激光雷达等脉冲激光器的使用.     

50Hz铌酸锂电光调Q开关

目前军用领域电光调Q开关的工作频率基本在30 Hz以下,为满足军用领域对更高重复频率脉冲激光的需求,研究并获得了可工作在50 Hz重复频率下的铌酸锂电光调Q开关.基于折射率椭球理论,通过分析铌酸锂晶体预偏置电光调Q的原理,选取了合适的预偏置角度.在闪光灯泵浦Ce∶ Nd∶ YAG激光系统中,通过合理设计谐振腔参数以及激光晶体的参数,采用预偏置加压式电光调Q方式,实现了频率为50 Hz,脉宽约为6 ns,能量不小于93mJ的1.06 μm激光输出,峰值功率达到了约15 MW.试验证明铌酸锂晶体用作电光调Q开关在中小功率和中低频率1.06μm激光上有很好的应用前景.     

Cr∶LiNbO_3及Cr,Fe∶LiNbO_3晶体热释电系数提高的研究

生长了掺杂量分别为0.2mol%、0.5mol%的掺铬同成分配比铌酸锂晶体和掺铬0.2mol%、铁0.04mol%的双掺同成分配比铌酸锂晶体。利用动态电流法测试了它们的热释电系数。在同样的测试条件下,与未掺杂的同成分铌酸锂晶体相比较,掺铬铌酸锂(Cr∶LiNbO3)晶体和铬、铁双掺铌酸锂(Cr,Fe∶LiNbO3)晶体的热释电系数明显提高。同时对掺杂提高晶体热释电系数的机理进行了探讨。     

近化学计量比LiNbO3晶体的生长及其组分测定

铌酸锂晶体（LiNbO3)是一种典型的非化学计量比晶体,通常所使用的同成分LiNbO3晶体中的锂铌比([Li]/[Nb])约为48．6／51．4。我们利用提拉法,从掺入11mol%K2O的同成分LiNbO3熔体中生长出了高光学质量的近化学计量比LiNbO3单晶。与同成分LiNbO3晶体相比,其吸收边向短波方向移动;E模（153cm^-1)喇曼谱线宽从9．4cm^-1降低到了7．0cm^-1,A1模（876cm^-1)喇曼谱线宽从25．5cm^-1降低到了20．0cm^-1;产生532nm-1064nm2次谐波的相匹配温度从室温增加到了155．5℃;OH^-红外吸收谱线宽明显变窄,波形也有明显的变化。这些结果表明这种LiNbO3晶体中的LiO2含量为49．6mol%, 即[Li]/[Nb]为0．984,接近其化学计量比。     

Zn2+∶Yb3+∶LiNbO3晶体生长及光谱性能研究

采用提拉法成功生长了Zn2+(2mol;)单掺的同成分铌酸锂(Zn2+∶LiNbO3)晶体及Zn2+(6mol;)和Yb3+(1 mol;)双掺的同成分铌酸锂(Zn2∶Yb3+∶LiNbO3)晶体,晶体尺寸分别约为φ30 mm×40 mm和φ30 mm×50mm.测试了这两个晶体的XRD图谱并与标准图谱进行了比较.测量了Zn2∶LiNbO3和Zn2∶Yb3+∶LiNbO3晶体的红外透射光谱,OH-的振动吸收峰分别位于3484.2 cm-和3493.7 cm-1,表明Zn2+的掺杂浓度还都处在阈值以下.研究了Zn2+∶Yb3+∶LiNbO3晶体的室温吸收、发射光谱和荧光寿命特性,表明其是潜在的近红外激光增益介质,有望发展新型功能激光器件.     

高掺镁铌酸锂晶体OH-吸收光谱的低温研究

本文测量了纯铌酸锂和高掺镁铌酸锂晶体的低温红外光谱,观察了OH-吸收峰的温度依赖特性.研究发现纯铌酸锂的OH-振动吸收峰基本不随温度而变化,而高掺镁铌酸锂晶体的OH-振动吸收峰的主峰峰位随温度的降低向高波数方向移动.通过分析两种晶体中不同的缺陷模型以及H+在晶格中的占位,我们提出高掺镁铌酸锂晶体中的H+紧邻高电性杂质缺陷(MgNb)3-分布,直接参与缺陷集团,完全不同于纯铌酸锂晶体中H+的分布情形,这造成了高掺镁铌酸锂晶体中OH-振动吸收峰随温度的变化.而集团内部缺陷之间相互作用随温度降低而增强的趋势是OH-振动吸收峰右移的主要原因.     

掺杂LiNbO3晶体的生长缺陷与其体全息存储性能的研究

本文叙述了利用侵蚀法研究掺杂LiNbO3的晶体缺陷,并讨论了晶体缺陷的形成机理以及其与体全息存储性能的关系.通过实验发现了常温下侵蚀铌酸锂晶体的规律,并利用侵蚀法观测到铌酸锂晶体样品表面呈三角锥状的位错侵蚀坑.测量了晶体样品的散射噪声,从中找出了晶体缺陷与存储图像质量关系.并发现掺Zn的Fe:LiNbO3晶体其晶体缺陷减少,晶体体全息存储性能有了明显提高.     

铌酸锂晶体及其应用概述

铌酸锂晶体历史悠久,物理效应最为齐全,被用于制备声学滤波器、谐振器、延迟线、电光调制器、电光调Q开关、相位调制器等器件,在电子技术、光通信技术、激光技术等领域得到了广泛应用,并且在第五代无线通信技术、微纳光子学、集成光子学及量子光学等近期快速发展的领域中展示了重要的应用前景。本文简要综述了铌酸锂晶体的基本性质、晶体制备以及应用情况,对铌酸锂晶体未来的应用发展进行了简要分析。     

近化学计量比掺镁铌酸锂晶体的抗光折变性能

应用气相传输平衡技术,我们获得了3种近化学计量比掺镁铌酸锂晶体,晶体的掺镁量接近我们以前提出的第二阈值.在我们实验室所能达到的最大光强26 MW/cm2照射下,在所有近化学计量比掺镁铌酸锂晶片中没有观察到光斑畸变,该光强比同成分铌酸锂晶体所能承受的光强高6个量级,为目前已报道的铌酸锂晶体之最.应用双光束全息写入法测得掺1.0 mol; Mg近化学计量比铌酸锂晶体的光折变饱和值仅有4.6×10-7,比同成分铌酸锂晶体小两个量级,从已有实验数据推测,该晶体的抗光折变能力应当比同成分铌酸锂晶体高9个量级以上.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.     

Synthesis of spinacine and spinacine derivatives: crystal and molecular structures of Nπ-hydroxymethyl spinacine and Nα-methyl spinaceamine

The natural amino acid L-Spinacine (4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid) has been synthesized following a new pathway which gives a chemically and optically pure product with an excellent yield. The crystal structures of a synthetic intermediate, N^π-hydroxymethyl-spinacine, and a spinacine derivative, N^α-methyl-spinaceamine, have been investigated through X-ray diffraction: Spi(πMeOH)·H₂O, monoclinicP2 _i,a=8.571(1),b=6.682(1),c=8.588(1) Å, and β=94.67(1)^o. Spm(αMe)·2HCl·H₂O, triclinicP l,a=7.492(4),b=10.799(3),c=7.040(2) Å, α=91.88(2), β=98.36(3) and γ=73.34(3)^o. Spi(πMeOH) crystallizes with a water molecule and displays a zwitterionic character. The carboxylate group is in equatorial position and forms a short electrostatic interaction of 2.618(2) Å between one of its oxygens and the protonated nitrogen of the tetrahydropyridine ring. The crystal packing is assured by strong O?H???O, O?H???N, N?H???N intermolecular hydrogen bonds and C?H???O close contacts. The biprotonated compounds Spm(αMe) crystallizes with two Cl^? anions and a water molecule. The positive charge on the imidazole ring is delocalized on the conjugated moiety N=C?N. The crystal is built up by clusters formed by two biprotonated Spm(αMe) molecules, four Cl^? anions and two water molecules linked together by hydrogen bonds.