随机需求下竞争零售商的定价策略研究

本文研究了随机需求下两竞争零售商的定价策略选择(响应性定价或清仓定价)、产品订货量及响应性价格的联合决策问题。通过将问题转化为一个三阶段的博弈模型,基于Kuhn-Tucker条件求解了两零售商不同定价策略子博弈下的均衡产品订货量及响应性定价决策,分析了不同定价策略子博弈下产品订货量及价格决策的差别以及潜在市场需求不确定(期望和方差变动)对订货量和定价策略的影响。数值分析结果表明,当潜在市场需求服从均匀分布时,响应性定价子博弈是帕累托最优策略,清仓定价子博弈是零售商的均衡策略,混合定价子博弈下两零售商的收益差距较大。     

网络服务中非线性多重两阶段定价策略

本文在基于流量的定价策略基础上,结合非线性定价方法给出了一种多重两阶段定价模型,并结合原单一定价策略构造混合定价,通过分析生产者剩余和消费者剩余,推出该模型存在帕累托改进并给出了具体的改进方法。     

基于网络社群学习机制的创新产品团购定价策略研究

创新产品定价是其成功上市的重要影响因素。与传统的撇脂和渗透定价策略相比，基于网络社群学习机制的团购定价策略在满足一定条件下可以同时实现产品利润与市场占有率之间的有效平衡。为了探究这些必要条件，本文研究了网络社群学习效果对消费者购买决策的影响因素，并分别构建了团购定价与撇脂定价的利润比较模型，团购定价与渗透定价的销量比较模型。通过对模型进行仿真实验发现：创新产品团购定价的最优利润和最优销量与社群规模、活跃度、认同度以及交互效率呈正相关，与社群成员异质性呈负相关；当社群规模、活跃度、认同度以及交互效率高于一定阈值，社群成员异质性低于一定阈值时，基于网络社群学习机制的创新产品团购定价策略最优利润高于撇脂定价策略，最优销量高于渗透定价策略，成为优势定价策略。     

股票价格遵循几何分式Brown运动的期权定价

讨论了股票价格过程遵循几何分式B row n运动的欧式期权定价.由于该过程存在套利机会使得传统的期权定价方法(如资本资产定价模型(CAPM),套利定价模型(APT),动态均衡定价理论(DEPT))不可能对该期权定价.利用保险精算定价法,在对市场无其它任何假设条件下,获得了欧式期权的定价公式.并讨论了在有效期内股票支付已知红利和红利率的推广公式.     

基于汇率回报厚尾性的外汇期权定价模型

主要研究汇率回报呈厚尾分布的外汇期权定价问题。本文利用t-分布能捕获汇率回报序列厚尾特征的优势，推导出基于t-分布外汇期权定价模型的解析表达式，即对外汇期权定价模型——BSGK模型进行了修正，同时应用矩估计法估计出的t-分布的自由度用于该定价模型的计算，最后基于t-分布的外汇期权定价模型和BSGK外汇期权定价模型进行了比较分析。     

两阶段双寡头垄断市场Hotelling定价模型

激烈的双寡头垄断市场竞争环境下,单一定价和歧视定价成为厂商选择的两大定价策略.考虑到网络外部效用的广泛存在性与对称性,对传统的Hotelling模型加以改进,分价格竞争和策略选择两个阶段,对双寡头垄断厂商的定价策略进行了博弈分析,指出了各种均衡情况及需满足的条件,并验证了歧视定价相对单一定价的边际成本、网络外部效应、消费者对产品的忠诚度等因素对厂商进行定价策略选择的重要影响,为其制定最优定价策略提供了指导.     

技术创新与增长期权定价

本采用了净现值(NPV)和实物期权定价方法对一个实际的MMDS的发射放大器项目进行了定价，并对两种方法定价的结果进行了分析和对比。由于实物期权方法定价的结果包含项目中的增长期权和放弃期权的价值，因而实物期权方法定价的结果比NPV方法定价的结果更合理和更高。     

广义δ规避策略下的两值期权定价研究

在离散时间场合和不存在交易成本假设下,提出了期权定价的平均自融资极小方差规避策略,得到了含有残差风险的两值看涨期权价格满足的偏微分方程和相应的两值期权定价公式。通过用数值分析来比较新的期权定价模型与经典的期权定价模型,发现投资者的风险偏好和标度对期权定价有重要影响。由此说明,考虑残差风险对两值期权定价研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。     

考虑跟随企业搭便车行为的创新企业定价策略研究

文章通过构建博弈模型探讨了存在跟随企业搭便车行为时创新企业的定价策略及定价模式(稳定定价或动态定价),并分析了忠实消费者规模及需求溢出效应等特征对创新企业定价决策与利润的影响.结果表明,无论创新企业采用稳定定价或动态定价模式,跟随企业搭便车行为均会降低创新企业利润,需求溢出效应的增强总能使创新企业和跟随企业均获得更高的...     

广义δ规避策略下的两值期权定价研究

在离散时间场合和不存在交易成本假设下,提出了期权定价的平均自融资极小方差规避策略,得到了含有残差风险的两值看涨期权价格满足的偏微分方程和相应的两值期权定价公式。通过用数值分析来比较新的期权定价模型与经典的期权定价模型,发现投资者的风险偏好和标度对期权定价有重要影响。由此说明,考虑残差风险对两值期权定价研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。     

两类带有确定潜伏期的SEIS传染病模型的分析

通过研究两类带有确定潜伏期的SEIS传染病模型,发现对种群的常数输入和指数输入会使疾病的传播过程产生本质的差异．对于带有常数输入的情形,找到了地方病平衡点存在及局部渐近稳定的阈值,证明了地方病平衡点存在时一定局部渐近稳定,并且疾病一致持续存在．对于带有指数输入的情形,发现地方病平衡点当潜伏期充分小时是局部渐近稳定的,当潜伏期充分大时是不稳定的．     

Chaotic synchronization with filter based on wavelet transformation

A kind of chaotic synchronization method is presented in the paper. In the transmitter, part signals are transformed by wavelet and the detail information is removed. In the receiver, the component with low frequency is reconstructed and discrete feedback is used, we show that synchronization of two identical structure chaotic systems is attained. The effect of feedback on chaotic synchronization is discussed. Using the synchronous method, the transmitting signal is transported in compressible way, system resource is saved, the component with high frequency is filtered and the effect of disturbance on synchronization is reduced. The synchronization method is illustrated by numerical simulation experiment.     

Backward bifurcation of an epidemic model with standard incidence rate and treatment rate

An epidemic model with standard incidence rate and treatment rate of infectious individuals is proposed to understand the effect of the capacity for treatment of infectives on the disease spread. It is assumed that treatment rate is proportional to the numbers of infectives below the capacity and is a constant when the number of infectives is greater than the capacity. It is proved that the existence and stability of equilibria for the model is not only related to the basic reproduction number but also the capacity for treatment of infectives. It is found that a backward bifurcation occurs if the capacity is small. It is also found that there exist bistable endemic equilibria if the capacity is low.     

Banach空间有界线性算子强连续双半群

本文在Ｂａｎａｃｈ空间上研究单参数有界线性算子族－强连续双半群。     

Stability and bifurcation of an SIS epidemic model with treatment

An SIS epidemic model with a limited resource for treatment is introduced and analyzed. It is assumed that treatment rate is proportional to the number of infectives below the capacity and is a constant when the number of infectives is greater than the capacity. It is found that a backward bifurcation occurs if the capacity is small. It is also found that there exist bistable endemic equilibria if the capacity is low.     

A transverse spinning double pendulum

A transverse spinning double pendulum is introduced. This pendulum is of interest as a simple mechanical system with two degrees of freedom with rotation which is autonomous. In addition to having physical origins, the pendulum is constructable for experimental observation. Our main interest in introducing and analyzing this system is that it is the simplest physical system with the codimension two singularity – in the linearization about the trivial solution – associated with coalescence of four zero eigenvalues. It is the dynamics of the nonlinear system in the neighbourhood of this singularity that is of interest. We study this problem using normal form theory. An algorithm for the Cushman–Sanders normal form is constructed and analyzed. A representative model for the truncated normal form is presented. This truncated normal form has seven parameters; it is not integrable in general and it is predicted that the dynamics associated with this model will be quite complex.     

On the constructive characterization of threshold functions

In this paper, the structure of the set of threshold functions and complexity problems are considered. The notion of the signature of a threshold function is defined. It is shown that if a threshold function essentially depends on all of its variables, then the signature of this function is unique. The set of threshold functions is partitioned into classes with equal signatures. A theorem characterizing this partition is proved. The importance of the class of monotone threshold functions is emphasized. The complexity of transferring one threshold function specified by a linear form into another is examined. It is shown that in the worst case this transfer would take exponential time. The structure of the set of linear forms specifying the same threshold function is also examined. It is proved that for any threshold function this set of linear forms has a unique basis in terms of the operation of addition of linear forms. It is also shown that this basis is countable.     

POINTED REPRESENTATIONS OFINFINITE DIMENSIONAL LIE ALGEBRAS

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Detection of multivariate outliers with location slippage or scale inflation in left orthogonally invariant or elliptically contoured distributions

This paper is concerned with two kinds of multiple outlier problems in multivariate regression. One is a multiple location-slippage problem and the other is a multiple scale-inflation problem. A multi-decision rule is proposed. Its optimality is shown for the first problem in a class of left orthogonally invariant distributions and is also shown for the second problem in a class of elliptically contoured distributions. Thus the decision rule is robust against departures from normality. Further the null robustness of the decision statistic which the rule is based on is pointed out in each problem.     

The Toroidal Embedding Arising From an Irrational Fan

A toroidal embedding is defined which does not assume the fan consists of rational cones. For a rational fan, the toroidal embedding is the usual toric variety. If the fan is not rational, the toroidal embedding is in general a quasi-compact noetherian locally ringed space which is not a scheme. A divisor theory exists and a class group is defined. A second construction is also carried out which mimics the gluing construction of the usual toric variety, but which makes no reference to a lattice. The resulting scheme is separated but infinite dimensional. The Picard group is described in terms of the group of real valued locally linear support functions on the fan and the Brauer group is shown to be trivial. Many examples are given throughout the paper; in particular, it is shown that there is associated to a real hyperplane arrangement of full rank a toroidal embedding.