Potentiometric determination of mefenamic acid in pharmaceutical formulation by membrane sensor based on ion-pair with basic dye

The characteristics,performance and application of membrane sensors based on ion-pair Brilliant Green mefenamate are described.The sensor’s response to the mefenamate ion has the sensitivity of （86.0±2.0） mV/pC over the range of 9×10^-5-1×10^-2moI/Land the detection limit of 4.5×10^-5mol/L at pH 8.5-12.The sensor is easily assembled at a relatively low cost and has fast response time（5-10 s）.The proposed sensor displayed good selectivity for mefenamate ion in the presence of different substances.It was used to determine mefenamic acid in pharmaceuticals.     

Hydrogen evolution and dissolution on smooth ruthenium in sulfuric acid solution

Hydrogen evolution and dissolution were studied under steady-state conditions on smooth ruthenium electrodes in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ at room temperature. Both the anodic current-potential curves, measred under H₂ stirring, and the cathodic curves, measured under N₂ stirring, suggest that the Tafel reaction and convective diffusion are the rate-determining steps at small current densities. At larger cathodic current densities the Volmer reaction becomes predominant. Hydrogen evolution occurs by the Volmer-Tafel mechanism. The coverage with adsorbed hydrogen atoms remains small.     

A molecularly imprinted polymer as the sorptive phase immobilized in a rotating disk extraction device for the determination of diclofenac and mefenamic acid in wastewater

The microextraction of diclofenac and mefenamic acid from water samples was performed by using rotating disk sorptive extraction (RDSE) with molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as the sorptive phase. The MIP was synthesized from the monomer 1-vinylimidazol (VI) together with the cross-linker divinylbenzene (DVB) using diphenylamine as the template molecule. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses of the MIP revealed clusters of spherical particles having a narrow size distribution, with diameters of approximately 1 μm.     

Preparation and characterization of a novel magnetized nanosphere as a carrier system for drug delivery using Plantago ovata Forssk. hydrogel combined with mefenamic acid as the drug model

The aim of the present study was to magnetize Plantago ovata Forssk. hydrogel and produce a nanosphere system to carrier mefenamic acid as the drug model. For this propose, P. ovata seeds hydrogel (POSH) was extracted and magnetized by Fe₃O₄ being functionalized using tetraethyl orthosilicate and trimethoxyvinysilane. Thereafter, mefenamic acid (MFA) was loaded on the carrier system. The final product, as the magnetic drug loaded nanosphere (Fe/POSH/MFA), was fully characterized through different techniques involving X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and FT-IR spectroscopy. The results confirmed the successful production of the drug loaded nanosphere system with particles magnetization of 25 emu/g over a range size of 40–50 nm. However, the size distribution less than 100 nm was measured through DLS analysis. The hydrogel showed a pH sensitivity swelling behavior representing the best efficacy at pH 7.4. The efficiency of the drug encapsulation was found to be 64.35%. The drug releasing was studied using a dialysis bag at pH = 7.4. The highest in vitro drug releasing was found to be 57.3 ± 0.6% after 72 h, as well. The findings of the current report account for the potential use of P. ovata hydrogel as an effective delivery system for encapsulation of water insoluble basic drugs, e.g., MFA in a magnetized carrier system.     

Anodic dissolution of gallium in solution of LiCl in anhydrous acetic acid

Kinetics and mechanism of the anodic dissolution of gallium in an anhydrous acetic acid medium was studied. The results obtained can be used for choosing the optimum conditions for the electrolytic refining of gallium from acetic acid solutions.     

Extraction-spectrophotometric determination of mefenamic acid in pharmaceutical preparations

The optimal conditions of the formation and extraction of mefenamic acid ion associates with the astrafloxin polymethine dye are studied. The extraction of ion associates with isooctane-dichloroethane mixtures attains a maximum at pH 9–11 and dye concentration of (5–7) × 10^?5 M. The Beer law is fulfilled in the range 2.0–21.0 μg/mL; the detection limit for mefenamic acid is 0.72 μg/mL. A method is developed for the extraction-spectrophotometric determination of mefenamic acid in pharmaceutical preparations.     

Spectrophotometric determination of mefenamic acid in pharmaceutical preparations

The present paper describes an effective and low-cost spectrophotometric method for the determination of mefenamic acid in its pure form and pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based on the charge-transfer complexation between mefenamic acid as an n-electron donor and chloranil as a π-acceptor to form a violet chromogen measured at 540 nm. Under the optimum conditions, a linear relationship with a good correlation coefficient (0.9996) was found between the absorbance and concentration of the studied drug in the range of 10–60 μg/mL. The optimal reaction conditions such as reagent concentration, heating time, and stability of the reaction product were determined. The limit of detection (LOD) was 2.16 μg/mL and the limit of quantifycation (LOQ) was 7.15 μg/mL. The method was successfully applied to the determination of mefenamic acid in pharmaceutical preparations without any interference from common excipients. The text was submitted by the author in English.     

Simple,rapid and sensitive method for the determination of mefenamic acid in pharmaceutical preparations

Two simple and fast automated methods for the direct determination of mefenamic acid (MEF) in pharmaceutical samples are described. Continuous flow and stopped-flow systems with spectrophotometric detection of mefenamic acid with sodium nitroprusside and hydroxylamine hydrochloride were developed. Both methods show a good reproducibility (RSD < 1.5 and 1.8%, respectively) and a wide range of linearity (between 10–500 and 3–300 μg/mL). The stopped-flow protocol has a lower detection limit (1.2 μg/mL) with a sensitivity of about two times greater than the continuous flow technique. The proposed procedures are rapid, reliable and can be applied successfully to the estimation of mefenamic acid in different commercial forms.     

浓硫酸颜色反应荧光分析法测定甲芬那酸

提出了浓硫酸颜色反应用于甲芬那酸荧光测定的新方法.甲芬那酸为弱荧光物质,与浓硫酸反应后荧光显著增强.体系最大激发波长和最大发射波长分别为385.0和471.9nm,甲芬那酸浓度在9.0×10-9～7.5×10-5 g·mL-1范围内与荧光强度呈良好的线性关系,方法检出限为3.1×10-9 g· mL-1,回收率为99.3％ ～ 102％.方法操作简单,灵敏度高,选择性好,用于甲芬那酸胶囊中甲芬那酸含量测定,结果满意.     

光谱法研究甲芬那酸与蛋白质的相互作用

用UV Vis吸收光谱和荧光光谱法研究了在模拟人体生理条件下,甲芬那酸与牛血清白蛋白结合反应特征,发现甲芬那酸对牛血清白蛋白有较强的荧光猝灭作用,且甲芬那酸的紫外吸收光谱和牛血清白蛋白的荧光发射光谱有一定程度的重叠,由此得出了其结合反应的结合常数、结合位点数和结合过程的基本热力学参数。     

Enamel dissolution as a function of solution degree of saturation with respect to hydroxyapatite: a nanoindentation study

The objective of this study was to investigate human enamel dissolution as a function of degree of saturation (DS) of the surrounding solution with respect to hydroxyapatite. Nanoindentation was used to compare changes in enamel nanomechanical properties due to dissolution by two solutions. Citric acid solution (DS=0.000, pH 3.30) and citric acid solution containing calcium (299 mg/l) and phosphate (54.0 mg/l) (DS=0.032, pH 3.30) were compared with a control mineral water (DS=0.673, pH 7.48). Exposure times were 0, 120, 300, 600, 900, and 1200 s. Compared to untreated enamel, there was a statistically significant change in enamel hardness after 120 s exposure to both citric acid solutions, and in elastic modulus after 300 s exposure. The rate of change of both variables decreased with exposure time. This suggests that dissolution rate is diffusion-limited under these conditions, in agreement with previous studies. There was no statistically significant difference between the hardness or elastic modulus of enamel exposed to the two citric acid solutions at any time. This may be due to a change in solution composition during contact with the enamel.     

Molecularly imprinted polymer coated magnetite nanoparticles as an efficient mefenamic acid resonance light scattering nanosensor

In this work, a mefenamic acid (MFA) nanosensor was synthesized by the aid of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) technique. MIP layer was coated on magnetite nanoparticles as magnetic nano-carriers. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using various measurements techniques. Light scattering properties of the synthesized nanoparticles in the presence or absence of MFA have been selected as the detection signal. In this regard, resonance light scattering has been used as the detection method. Various factors that can potentially affect light scattering efficiency (i.e., pH, ultrasonication time and nanoparticle dosage) were optimized using “one-at-a-time” method. A linear dynamic range was established from 100.0 to 2000.0 ng L⁻¹ of MFA and the limit of detection was found to be 50.0 ng L⁻¹ using the proposed method.     

Electrochemical synthesis of lead fluoroborate by anodic dissolution of lead in fluoroboric acid solution

Lead fluoroborate solution was prepared by anodic dissolution of lead in fluoroboric acid solution. The optimal current density could reach 2 A/dm² with a current efficiency over 90%. The exchange current density of this system was found to be 0.649 A/dm² and to follow the Tafel Equation.Polarography shows that the cathodic reaction of lead fluoroborate involves only free lead ions with a charge transfer number equal to 2.     

A model developed for acid dissolution thermodynamics of a Turkish bentonite

A model was proposed to calculate some thermodynamic parameters for the acid dissolution process of a bentonite containing a calcium-rich smectite as clay mineral along with quartz, opal and feldspar as impurities. The bentonite sample was treated with H₂SO₄ by applying dry method in the temperature range 50–150°C for 24 h. The acid content in the dry bentonite-sulphuric acid mixture was 45 mass%. The total content (x) of Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃ and MgO remained in the undissolved sample after treatment was taken as an equilibrium parameter. An apparent equilibrium constant, K _a, was calculated for each temperature by assuming K _a=(x _m−x)/x where x _m is the total oxide content of the natural bentonite. Also, an apparent change in Gibbs free energy, ΔG _a^o, was calculated for each temperature by using the K _a value. The graphs of lnK _a vs. 1/T and ΔG _a^o vs. T were drawn and then the real change in both the enthalpy, ΔH ^o and the entropy, ΔS ^o, values were calculated from the slopes of the straight lines, respectively. Inversely, real ΔG ^o and K values were calculated from the real ΔH ^o and ΔS ^o values through ΔG ^o = −RT ln K = ΔH ^o − TΔS ^o equation. The best ΔH ^o and ΔS ^o fittings to this relation were found to be 65687 J mol⁻¹ and 164 J mol⁻¹K⁻¹, respectively.     

Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of mefenamic acid and paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations

A spectrophotometric procedure for the simultaneous determination of mefenamic acid and paracetamol in a mixture is described. Using 0.01 M methanolic hydrochloric acid as solvent, the absorbance of the mixture is measured at 248, 279 and 351 nm. The concentration of each component can be calculated by solving two equations using two wavelengths, either 248 and 279 nm or 248 and 351 nm.     

Kinetic isotope effects on the dissolution kinetics of solid salicylic acid in aqueous solution: evidence for solubilisation via a proton dissociation-recombination mechanism

Quantitative Atomic Force Microscopy measurements made on the dissolving surface of solid salicylic acid in H2O and D2O reveal a kinetic isotope effect (kH/kD = 2.3 +/- 0.6) on the dissolution rate consistent with a transition state in which the proton is dissociated from the dissolving molecule.     

海沙钛铁矿在硫酸溶液中的电化学溶解研究

采用电化学技术研究了孟加拉国海沙里钛铁矿在硫酸溶液中不同温度下的溶解行为. 循环伏安研究表明,在没有添加碳粉的条件下钛铁矿的溶解非常困难. 为了探明钛铁矿的溶解过程,考察了钛铁矿-碳比例、硫酸浓度和温度对钛铁矿电化学溶解行为的影响. 结果显示,钛铁矿在低还原电位和低温下的溶解速率较慢. 施加更负的还原电位和在较高的温度下溶解速率加快. 增加硫酸浓度（最大浓度到1 mol?dm^-3）也可提高溶解速率. 但是,在较高的硫酸浓度和还原电位下,由于氢气析出导致钛铁矿的溶解速率降低,且气体吸附最后使得钛铁矿的活性表面积减小. 计算得到活化能数值在高温区间为50±10 kJ•mol^-1, 而低温区间为?15±5kJ•mol^-1, 说明低温区间为扩散控制过程,而高温区间为化学控制过程.     

Study of a cysteine derivative as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in phosphoric acid solution

Inhibition of corrosion of carbon steel in phosphoric acid solution by use of l-cysteine methyl ester hydrochloride has been investigated by measurement of weight loss and use of electrochemical methods. The efficiency of inhibition was increased by increasing the concentration of the inhibitor and reduced by increasing the temperature. Polarization studies revealed that this compound behaves as mixed-type inhibitor. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that dissolution of the steel occurs as a result of charge-transfer. Adsorption of the inhibitor obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Kinetic and thermodynamic data were calculated and are discussed.