Intercalation behavior of n-alkylamines into an A-site defective layered perovskite H2W2O7

Intercalation behavior of n-alkylamines into a protonated form of an A-site defective layered perovskite H₂W₂O₇ has been investigated. Results from XRD indicate these materials are layered with the corresponding interlayer spacing governed by the n-alkylamine chain length, and a reversible intercalation and deintercalation property is observed among these intercalation compounds. The IR spectra of the intercalation compounds with n-alkylamines clearly show that n-alkyl chains possess an all-trans conformation, and H₂W₂O₇ accommodate n-alkylamines (C_nH_2n+1NH₂: n=3, 4, 7, 8, 12, 16) to form intercalation compounds via an acid-base mechanism. A linear relationship between the interlayer distance and the number of carbon atoms in n-alkyl chains is observed to show a bilayer arrangement of the n-alkyl chains with a tilt angle of ∼71.6°. Elemental analysis studies reveal that the amounts of intercalated n-alkylamines are about 2.0 mol per [W₂O₇]. Despite the surface geometry of H₂W₂O₇ is almost identical to those of layered perovskites H₂[A_n−1B_nO_3n+1], the amounts of intercalated n-alkylamines of them are different. A reasonable explanation is given through our research.     

ETS-10 synthesized from gels with dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide

The aim of this paper is to define the characteristics of crystalline phase ETS-10 obtained from gel with dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, as an organic template. ETS-10 zeolites has been synthesised under hydrothermal conditions from gels of composition 5Na₂O–3KF–TiO₂–6.4HCl– xC₁₂TMAB –7.45SiO₂–197.5H₂O (where x=0.0, 0.25, 0.55, 1.0 and 1.5) with dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The crystalline phases synthesised with organic salt have an exothermal peak at ca. 360°C, due to the degradation of organic entrapped in the porous structure. Physical-chemical properties of C₁₂TMAB -ETS-10 are studied by XRD, SEM and thermal analyses.     

Influence of zirconium on the crystallization of ETS-10 molecular sieve

Summary The ETS-10 is a newly formed titano-silicate the structure of which was resolved thanks to the XRD, EDS, HREM and mass NMR. The ETS-10 is a potentially good catalyst. The aim of this research is to study the physicochemical properties of ET(Zr)S-10 obtained from a gel containing different amounts of Zr. The analyses used are XRD, thermal analysis (TG-DSC), SEM, and ²⁹Si NMR.     

Synthesis and characterization of n=5, 6 members of the La4Srn−4TinO3n+2 series with layered structure based upon perovskite

Layered compounds have been synthesized and structurally characterized for the n=5 and 6 members of the perovskite-related family La₄Sr_n−4Ti_nO_3n+2 by combining X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Their structure can be regarded as comprising [(La,Sr)₅Ti₅O₁₇] and [(La,Sr)₆Ti₆O₂₀] perovskite blocks joined by crystallographic shears along the a-axis, with consecutive blocks shifted by 1/2 [100]_p. The n=5 member is similar to the previously reported n=5 member of other A_nB_nO_3n+2-related series. The n=6 member, which has only been briefly reported in other systems previously, is also a well-behaved member of this A_nB_nO_3n+2 series.     

On the crystallization mechanism of ETS-10 titanosilicate synthesized in gels containing TAABr

Thermal analysis of the products resulted during crystallization of ETS-10 by using starting co gels with molar composition 5.0 Na₂O-3.0 KF-TiO₂-6.4 HCl-TAABr-7.45 SiO₂-197.5 H₂O, where tetralkylammonium (TAA) are tetramethyl (TMA), tetraethyl (TEA), tetrapropyl (TPA) and tetrabutylammonium (TBA), was performed. The effect of TAA⁺ cations (ionic radius in hydrated forms, shapes and hydrophilic/hydrophobic character) on the crystallization of ETS-10 is evident from the induction time, t_i (TMA⁺ ? TEA⁺ < TPA⁺ < TBA⁺), the rate of crystallization, R (TMA⁺ < TEA⁺ < TPA⁺ < TBA⁺), morphology and size of crystallites. Organic cations play a “pore filling” role rather than as a “structure-directing” agent. The relatively flexible molecules of the symmetric tetraalkylammonium cations mixed with alkali cations (Na⁺, K⁺) participate directly at prenucleation and nucleation steps by their interaction with the silicate and titanate in aqueous colloidal dispersion.     

Supramolecular interaction of cucurbit[n]urils and coptisine by spectrofluorimetry and its analytical application

The supramolecular interaction of a homologous series of cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n], n = 5, 6, 7, 8) hosts and coptisine (COP) was studied by spectrofluorimetry. All of the CB[n]s were found to react with COP to form 1:1 host-guest stable complexes and the fluorescence intensity of the complexes was greatly enhanced. The apparent association constants of the complexes were 1.44 × 10⁴, 1.28 × 10⁴, 1.86 × 10⁴ and 1.26 × 10⁴ L mol⁻¹ for CB[5], CB[6], CB[7] and CB[8], respectively. In addition, CB[5] and CB[7] exhibited a higher fluorescence signal than CB[6] and CB[8]. The fluorescence intensity of the complex with CB[7] was enhanced 70-fold compared to that of the studied drug itself. Based on the significant enhancement of fluorescence intensity of supramolecular complex, a simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and selective spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of COP in aqueous solution in the presence of CB[7]. At the optimum reaction conditions, a linear relationship was obtained in the range from 0.05 to 1700 ng mL⁻¹ with a detection limit of 0.012 ng mL⁻¹. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of the drug in urine and serum samples.     

稀土负载钛-硅沸石 ETS-10 的制备及其光催化性质(英文)

以水玻璃和四氯化钛为原料, 在不使用有机模板剂、氟离子和晶种的条件下, 用水热法合成了钛-硅沸石 ETS-10, 将 La、Ce、Pr 和 Nd 四种稀土元素负载到合成的 ETS-10 上. 通过 X 射线粉末衍射、N2 吸附-脱附、29Si 魔角旋转核磁共振、紫外漫反射光谱、X 射线荧光光谱等表征手段对负载前后的 ETS-10 进行了表征. 以有机染料甲基橙为底物, 考察了负载各种稀土及氢氟酸腐蚀对 ETS-10 的光催化活性的影响. 结果表明, 四种稀土元素的引入均可有效提高 ETS-10 的光催化活性. 反应活性提高的程度与稀土元素负载量有关. 对 ETS-10 同时进行氢氟酸腐蚀和稀土元素的负载, 可以将 ETS-10 的光催化活性提高近一倍, 与锐钛矿相 TiO2 相当, 但前者更易分离.     

Prediction of molecular weight and density of n-alkanes (C6-C44)

Heavy n-alkanes and their mixtures were characterized by high temperature-simulated distillation using gas chromatography with a capillary column. In this work, the atmospheric boiling point is determined by the HT-SimDis GC method. In this study, molecular weights and density of n-alkanes were evaluated with this method by using retention times and normal boiling points as input data. ASTM D2887 calibration mixture containing 17 n-alkanes in the C₆-C₄₄ range were used for qualitative analyses. Retention times (t_R) of n-alkanes were measured with this method. The other input data that normal boiling points (T_b) and molecular weight (M) had been taken in the literature. Experimental densities (at 20 °C) of n-alkanes were obtained from API Research Projects. Empirical molecular weight and density correlations were developed by using the nonlinear and multiple regressions with correlation coefficients. The results of calculations were compared with experimental data. Normal boiling point predictions were obtained as an average absolute deviation of 1.07%. Molecular weight and density results were evaluated as average absolute deviations of 0.68% and 0.21%, respectively.     

Atom transfer radical polymerization of n-octyl acrylate under microwave irradiation

The atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of n-octyl acrylate (OA) was successfully carried out using ethyl-2-bromobutyrate as an initiator, and CuBr/2,2^′-bipyridine (bpy) as a catalyst under microwave irradiation (MI) at 76.8 °C. The polymerization of n-octyl acrylate under MI showed linear first-order rate plots, a linear increase of the number-average molecular weight M_n with conversion, and low polydispersities, 1.1<M_w/M_n<1.4, where M_w is weight-average molecular weight. The ATRP of n-octyl acrylate is well controlled. Under the same experimental conditions, the apparent rate constant, k_p^app, under MI is larger apparently than that under conventional heating. In addition, the effects of concentration of catalyst and other factors on polymerization are reported.     

Infrared optical properties and Raman spectra of n-pentane and n-pentane-d12

Infrared and Raman spectra have been collected and analyzed for n-pentane and n-pentane-d₁₂. The real (n) and imaginary (k) refractive index spectra for each compound have been calculated from the experimental infrared spectra after determining the refractive indices of n-pentane across the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. To further aid in the study, the imaginary polarizability (IP) spectrum for each compound was calculated from the n and k spectra, then curvefit to separate intensities. Computational DFT calculations were performed to create theoretical spectra of each compound, which in turn aid in assigning vibrations in the experimental spectrum. Barriers to rotation for n-pentane were explored to determine the dominant conformations.     

Preparation of α,n-dilithiotoluene equivalents. Synthesis of tamoxifen

The successive reaction of chlorobenzyl alcohols with n-butyllithium and lithium powder in the presence of a substoichiometric amount of 4,4′-di-tert-butylbiphenyl (DTBB) at −78°C yields the expected (lithiooxymethyl)phenyllithium derivative, which is trapped by reaction with different ketones. The subsequent arene-catalysed lithiation at 25°C permits the one-pot chemoselective lithiation of the primary benzyl alcoholate in the presence of a tertiary one. These new functionalised benzyllithium derivatives react with different electrophilic compounds, such as aldehydes, ketones and chlorotrimethylsilane, to give after hydrolysis the expected functionalised benzyl alcohols. Some of these alcohols are successfully transformed into mono- or di-olefins by acidic treatment. This whole strategy is applied to the preparation of anti-cancer drug tamoxifen.     

Excess enthalpies of alkane-1-amines {CnH2n+1NH2, n = 3-8} + methyl methylthiomethyl sulfoxide and +dimethyl sulfoxide at 298.15 K

Excess enthalpies of binary mixtures between each of alkane-1-amines {C_nH_2n+1NH₂, n=3-8} and methyl methylthiomethyl sulfoxide (MMTSO) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) have been determined at 298.15 K. All mixtures showed positive enthalpy changes over the whole range of mole fractions.The limiting excess partial molar enthalpies of the aliphatic amines, H₁^E,∞, of all the mixtures with MMTSO or DMSO studied were smaller than those of MMTSO or DMSO, H₂^E,∞, respectively. Linear relations are obtained between limiting excess partial molar enthalpies and number of methylene groups.     

nBu4NI-catalyzed oxidative amidation of aldehydes with tertiary amines

An efficient oxidative coupling protocol for amide formation has been developed. Various tertiary amines and aromatic aldehydes were oxidized to their corresponding tertiary amides in moderate to good yields in the presence of a simple nBu₄NI-catalyst.     

Reactivities of mixed organozinc and mixed organocopper reagents, 2. Selective n-alkyl transfer in tri-n-butylphosphine-catalyzed acylation of n-alkyl phenylzincs; an atom economic synthesis of n-alkyl aryl ketones

Tri-n-butylphosphine-catalyzed acylation of mixed n-alkyl phenylzincs with aromatic acyl halides in THF is efficient in selective transfer of n-alkyl groups to produce n-alkyl aryl ketones in good yields. This route provides an atom economic organocatalyzed alternative to transition metal-catalyzed acylation of di-n-alkylzincs.     

Thermodynamic properties of n-alkoxyethanols + organic solvent mixtures: XVI. Excess molar volumes at 298.15 K for 2-alkoxyethanol + n-polyether systems

Excess molar volumes (V_m^E) at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure for 2-methoxyethanol or 2-butoxyethanol + 2,5-dioxahexane, +2,5,8-trioxanonane, +3,6,9-trioxaundecane, +5,8,11-trioxapentadecane, or +2,5,8,11,14-pentaoxapentadecane, or for 2-ethoxyethanol + 2,5,8-trioxanonane, +3,6,9-trioxaundecane, or +5,8,11-pentaoxapentadecane have been obtained from densities measured with and Anton-Paar DMA 602 vibrating-tube densimeter.They are usually small in absolute value. It is due to a compensation between positive and negative contributions to the excess molar volume. For example, free volume effects present in solutions with the pentaether are compensated by the positive contribution to V_m^E from the rupture of dipole-dipole interactions between ether molecules.     

Synthesis of cesium selective pyridyl azocalix[n]arenes

A series of pyridylazo calix[n]arenes (n=4, 6, 8) including the first examples of mixed hetroaryl azocalix(n)arenes have been synthesized by coupling calix[n]arenes with diazonium salts derived from amino pyridines. It has been observed that the coupling reaction of diazonium salt obtained from 3-aminopyridine with calix[n]arene gives tetrakis-, hexakis- and octakis (pyridylazo)calix[n]arenes (n=4,6,8) while those derived from 4-aminopyridine give partially substituted (4-pyridylazo)calix[n]arene analogs. There is no reaction of calix(n)arenes with diazonium salts derived from 2-aminopyridine under identical conditions of experiments. The conformational analysis of synthesized compounds have been ascertained by detailed spectral measurements and single crystal X-ray analysis of 5-(3′-pyridylazo)-25,26,27,28-tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene. A rational explanation for the observed partial and exhaustive coupling reaction in the synthesis of heteroaryl azocalix(n)arenes has been suggested. Preliminary evaluation of synthesized derivatives as molecular receptors for metal ions indicates that they have good potential to function as selective ionic filters for cesium ions.     

Stereoselective synthesis of tri- and tetrasubstituted oxepanes via n-Bu3SnH mediated 7-endo-trig vinyl radical cyclisation

A stereoselective 7-endo-trig cyclisation of homopropargyl and phenyl homopropargyl derivatives of Baylis-Hillman adducts using n-Bu₃SnH/AIBN mediated vinyl radical cyclisation affords tri- and tetrasubstituted oxepanes, respectively, in good yields.     

An easy access to diversely fused dioxa-2-aza-tricyclo[n.3.1.0]tetra/pentadecanes under solvent-free condition

Efficient syntheses of phenyl/N-heterocycle fused 6,13-dioxa-2-aza-tricyclo[8.3.1.0^2,8]tetradecanes have been accomplished from 8-hydroxy quinoline derivatives under solvent-free condition, using basic alumina as the solid support. The methodology was successfully extended for the synthesis of corresponding pentadecane derivatives under similar reaction conditions. In terms of its general applicability, product yield, reaction time and effortless separation techniques, the methodology is more valuable compared to the solution phase protocols.