超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定六神曲中的米酵菌酸

基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS），建立了快速测定六神曲中生物毒素米酵菌酸残留的检测方法。样品首先以甲醇作为提取溶剂进行超声提取，再用氨水调节pH值至8，过滤，滤液用Oasis MAX强阴离子交换固相萃取柱处理。采用Waters HSS T3色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm，1.8 μm）分离，以乙腈-含0.1%（体积分数）甲酸的10 mmoL/L甲酸铵溶液为流动相，采用电喷雾电离（ESI）源电离，电离模式为负离子模式，质谱检测模式为多反应监测（MRM）模式。在最佳条件下，米酵菌酸在0.5~100 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系，相关系数（R²）>0.99。方法的加标回收率为80.6%~85.3%，日内和日间精密度分别为4.2%~6.8%和8.2%~13.2%。方法的检出限（LOD，S/N=3）和定量限（LOQ，S/N=10）分别为0.4 μg/kg和1.2 μg/kg。实际样品测定中发现了六神曲中存在米酵菌酸残留的现象，为保健食品和中药材中生物毒素的风险监控提供了重要的科技支撑。该方法简单、快速、灵敏度高，适用于六神曲中生物毒素米酵菌酸残留量的测定。     

Total synthesis of iso- and bongkrekic acids: natural antibiotics displaying potent antiapoptotic properties

For over five decades, owing to their antiapoptotic activities, bongkrekic and isobongkrekic acids have generated interest from the scientific community. Here, we disclose full details of our investigation into the synthesis of isobongkrekic acid, which culminated in its first preparation and features various palladium-catalysed cross-couplings and Takai olefination reactions. Access to bongkrekic acid is also reported by this route. These syntheses involve the preparation and use of new general building blocks which could find wider applications.     

The structure of bongkrekic acid

From NMR and MS studies, a new structure is proposed for the toxic antibiotic bongkrekic acid (BA), which is given by the formula: 3-carboxymethyl-17-methoxy-6,18,21-trimethyldocosa-2,4,8,12,14,18,20-heptaenedioic acid.     

Efficient synthesis of bongkrekic acid. Three-component convergent strategy

An efficient total synthesis of the apoptosis inhibitor bongkrekic acid was accomplished using a three-component convergent strategy involving a Kocienski-Julia olefination and a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, in which the longest linear sequence was 18 steps and proceeded in 6.4% overall yield. The torquoselective olefination also contributed to the shortening of the synthesis.     

Elucidation of the chemical structure of bongkrekic acid—I Isolation, purification and properties of bongkrekic acid

The preparation, isolation and purification of the toxic antibiotic bongkrekic acid (BA), produced by Pseudomonas cocovenenans on partially defatted coconut are described. It has been shown that BA is a branched unsaturated tricarboxylic acid with a gross formula of C₂₈H₃₈O₇. The presence of three methyl groups, one methoxyl group, one ring system and six double bonds—two isolated and two pairs of conjugated double bonds, both conjugated with a carboxyl group—is proved.     

Simultaneous determination of toxic metabolites by linear combination derivative spectrophotometry.

A linear combination derivative spectrophotometric method is described. The method overcomes the problem of overlapping in derivative spectrophotometry and allows the maximum use of quantitative information. In addition, the method can be used to increase the selectivity, sensitivity and accuracy of the simultaneous analysis of multicomponent mixtures. The application of the method to the simultaneous determination of bongkrekic acid and toxoflavin, the toxic metabolites produced by Pseudomonas farinofermentans, is described.     

Biosynthesis of the Respiratory Toxin Bongkrekic Acid in the Pathogenic Bacterium Burkholderia gladioli

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Highlights? Molecular basis for the biosynthesis of a fatal food toxin revealed ? Functional genetics by λ Red recombination in the pathogen Burkholderia gladioli ? Stereochemistry of modular bongkrekic acid PKS decoded ? β-Branching and six-electron methyl oxidation lead to tricarboxylic fatty acid     

改良的QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法检测银耳和木耳中米酵菌酸

采用改良的QuEChERS方法,结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)建立了银耳和木耳中米酵菌酸含量测定的分析方法。对QuEChERS方法的提取、净化条件进行了优化,发现提取液中乙酸含量对米酵菌酸的提取效率影响很大,最终采用5%(v/v)乙酸乙腈为提取溶剂,盐析分层,再用200 mg C18分散固相萃取净化。对UHPLC-MS/MS分析条件也进行了优化,以含0.01%(v/v)甲酸、0.05%(v/v)氨水的水溶液和甲醇为流动相,在Waters HSS T3柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm)上分离,以电喷雾电离、多反应监测负离子模式进行检测。在优化好的条件下,银耳和木耳中米酵菌酸检测的基质效应分别为-6.3%和-11.5%,表明该方法具有很好的净化效果,样品基质不会对米酵菌酸的检测产生影响。进一步对方法学进行了考察,在1~200 μg/L范围内,线性方程回归系数的平方(R²)大于0.999,以信噪比的3倍和10倍计算的方法检出限和定量限分别为0.15 μg/kg和0.5 μg/kg。银耳中3种添加水平0.5、10、50 μg/kg下的加标回收率为92.4%~102.6%,日内和日间相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为4.3%~4.9%和3.2%~3.5%;木耳的加标回收率为89.6%~102.3%,日内和日间RSD分别为2.4%~9.5%和3.6%~4.1%,表明该方法具有很好的准确度和精密度。最后,将该方法应用于实际样品中米酵菌酸的分析,取得了很好的效果。该工作为银耳和木耳中米酵菌酸的风险防控提供了一种有效的检测技术。     

基于真菌毒素污染差异的液相色谱-串联质谱法鉴别板栗粉中掺假小麦粉

建立了分散固相萃取-超快速液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定板栗粉和小麦粉中43种真菌毒素的方法,对48份板栗粉和80份小麦粉样品的污染状况进行调查,筛选出5种专属于小麦粉的标志性真菌毒素.样品采用84％(v/v)乙腈水溶液提取,提取液采用C18结合增强型脂质去除净化剂(EMR-Lipid)净化,采用响应曲面-中心组合设计优...     

离子排斥色谱法同时测定果汁中11种有机酸

 用离子排斥色谱法实现了对果汁中 11种有机酸 (草酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、抗坏血酸、乳酸、琥珀酸、甲酸、乙酸、戊二酸、富马酸 )的分离测定。以 17mmol/L硫酸为淋洗液 ,样品在ICE ION 30 0离子排斥柱上分离后 ,用紫外检测器在 2 10nm处测定其中的有机酸。各组分质量浓度测定的相对标准偏差在 1.5 %～ 9.8% (n =10 )。     

Synthesis of natural pulvinic acids based on a ‘[3+2] cyclization-Suzuki cross-coupling’ strategy

A number of pulvinic acid natural products were prepared based on Suzuki cross coupling reactions of α-hydroxy-γ-alkylidenebutenolides which are readily available by cyclization of 1,3-bis-silyl enol ethers with oxalyl chloride. The formal total synthesis of pulvinic acid, atromentic acid, gomphidic acid and of 4-hydroxypulvinic acid, 4′-hydroxypulvinic acid and iso-gomphidic acid are reported. In addition, total syntheses of pinastric acid, xerocomic acid and variegatic acid were accomplished.     

淋洗液自动发生-离子色谱法同时测定食品中的21种有机酸

建立了一种利用离子色谱法同时测定样品中奎尼酸、乙酸、丙酮酸、草酰乙酸、甘露酸、乳酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、草酸、富马酸、抗坏血酸、α-酮戊二酸、肉桂酸、水杨酸、柠檬酸、异柠檬酸、阿魏酸、顺乌头酸、反乌头酸、β-香豆酸等21种有机酸的方法。样品经提取、脱色、过滤后用IonPac AS11分离柱分离,以EG40自动淋洗液发生器生成的5~34 mmol/L KOH为淋洗液洗脱,抑制电导检测器检测。21种有机酸的浓度与其峰面积在一定的范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限均低于0.188 mg/L,加标回收率为91.5%~101.8%。该法用于多种食物样品中有机酸的测定,结果令人满意。     

紫锥花种属中酚类化合物的HPLC分析

本文报道了一种测定紫锥花草药中咖啡酸、对羟基苯甲酸、对-香豆酸、原儿茶酸、丁香酸、阿魏酸、香草酸、咖啡奎尼酸、洋蓟酸、菊苣酸和紫锥花苷等11种酚类化合物的高效液相色谱分析方法。本法可应用于各种紫锥花草药中酚类化合物的测定。结果表明,在紫锥菊种属中含量最多的酚类化合物是菊苣酸、咖啡奎尼酸和紫锥花苷;在狭叶紫锥菊种属中含量较丰的是紫锥花苷和菊苣酸;而在白花紫锥菊种属中则以紫锥花苷以含量较多。     

Determination of tannic acid and its phenolic metabolites in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A method for the identification and determination of tannic acid and its phenolic metabolites in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography was developed. Tannic acid and four phenolic compounds, namely gallic acid, pyrogallol, 4-O-methylgallic acid and ellagic acid, were successfully extracted from the biological fluids by using ethyl acetate at acidic conditions. Gallic acid, pyrogallol and 4-O-methylgallic acid were found in the sheep urine, gallic acid, 4-O-methylgallic acid and ellagic acid in plasma, and gallic acid and ellagic acid in abomasal fluid after abomasal dosing of tannic acid. Tannic acid was found in the plasma apart from the abomasal fluid into which it was administered. The concentrations of tannic acid, gallic acid, pyrogallol, 4-O-methylgallic acid and ellagic acid in plasma, abomasal fluid and urine were measured. This method could be applied to measurement of other hydrolysable tannins and their phenolic metabolites in biological materials.     

芳香胺氰乙基化催化反应的研究进展

从催化剂的应用角度,总结了酸、路易斯酸、固体酸性氧化物、强酸性阳离子交换树脂、无机碱、有机碱以及由酸/路易斯酸、路易斯酸/路易斯酸、路易斯酸/路易斯碱等催化体系在催化芳香胺的氰乙基化反应中的应用进展,阐述了芳香胺的氰乙基化反应的酸催化和碱催化机理,并对芳香胺的氰乙基化反应的今后发展方向进行了展望。     

非抑制型电导检测离子排斥色谱法分析有机酸

本文以对甲苯磺，酸加硼酸作为淋洗液，采用非抑制型电导检测，研究了离子排斥色谱法分离和检测苹果酸，抗坏血酸，乳酸，琥珀酸，甲酸，乙酸，丙酸等有机酸的色谱条件，并进行了实际样品的分析。     

三乙醇胺交联聚硅氧烷树脂对羧酸吸附性能研究

本文研究了甲酸、乙酸、丙酸和戊酸在三乙醇胺交联聚硅氧烷树脂上的吸附行为。通过其吸附速度、吸附等温线的研究,得出甲酸和乙酸在该树脂上以单分子吸附为主,丙酸和戊酸以多分子吸附为主,而且吸附的强弱与羧酸的解离有关,解离越强吸附越弱,反之,吸附越强。     

钨酸催化氧化环己烯合成己二酸

以钨酸/有机酸性添加剂为催化体系, 在无有机溶剂、相转移剂的情况下, 催化30%过氧化氢氧化环己烯合成己二酸. 当钨酸∶有机酸性添加剂∶环己烯∶过氧化氢＝1∶1∶40∶176(摩尔比, 钨酸用量为2.5 mmol)时, 使用有机酸性添加剂考察钨酸的催化性能, 结果表明以钨酸/间苯二酚催化氧化环己烯的催化效果最优, 反应8 h时己二酸分离产率达90.9%、纯度为～100%; 而不使用有机酸性添加剂时, 己二酸分离产率只有72.1%, 产品纯度为96.2%. 当使用磺酸水杨酸、草酸、水杨酸为有机酸性添加剂时, 随反应时间的增加, 己二酸分离产率均升高, 但反应6 h以后, 己二酸分离产率随时间的变化不明显. 当磺酸水杨酸用量为2.5 mmol时, 己二酸分离产率和纯度均较高. 钨酸-磺酸水杨酸催化体系重复使用五次后, 己二酸分离产率仍可达到80.5%.     

添加剂对乙二胺湿法烟气脱硫的影响

采用自主设计的鼓泡吸收装置,以乙二胺溶液为脱硫剂,研究了盐酸、硫酸、磷酸、柠檬酸和硼酸作为添加剂对湿法烟气脱硫的影响。实验结果表明,加入酸添加剂后,提高了吸收液的有效吸收容量。其中,乙二胺/硼酸和乙二胺/磷酸的有效吸收容量较高,分别为266 mg/L和269 mg/L,pH值缓冲效果最佳。同时发现,乙二胺溶液的脱硫率随时间的延长而迅速减小;加入添加剂后,吸收液能在较长时间内保持较高脱硫率。10次吸收-解吸循环实验结果显示,乙二胺/硼酸、乙二胺/磷酸和乙二胺/柠檬酸的平均脱硫率均达99%,SO2解吸顺序为乙二胺/硼酸乙二胺/磷酸乙二胺/柠檬酸。硼酸和磷酸可强化乙二胺湿法烟气脱硫过程,是具有开发前景的添加剂。     

Fatty Acid Composition of Pistachio Nuts in Turkey

In this study oil yields and fatty acid compositions in the kernels of two varieties (Uzun and Siirt) of pistachio grown in different region of Turkey were investigated. Kernel oils were obtained by Soxhlet extraction using petroleum ether. The yields were found to be 57.1-58.9% and 56.1-62.6 respectively for the Uzun and Siirt varieties, on a moisture-free basis. Fatty acid composition of oils were analysed by GC/MS in the methyl ester form. Fourteen fatty acid components representing about 99% of the total oils were characterised. Oleic acid (55.4-62.6% and 60.7-65.5%, respectively) was the main fatty acid component in both varieties. Pentadecanoic acid, (Z)-7-hexadecenoic acid, margaric acid, Z-7-octadecenoic acid, arachidic acid, 11-eicosenoic acid, and behenic acid were detected in both varieties for the first time.