A pilot experiment for mass measurement at CSRe

A pilot experiment of mass measurement was performed at CSRe with the method of isochronous mass spectrometry. The secondary fragments produced via RIBLL2 with the primary beam of 400 MeV/u ^36Ar delivered by CSRm were injected into CSRe. The revolution periods of the stored ions,which depend on the mass-to-charge ratios of the stored ions,were measured with a time-of-flight detector system. The results show that the mass resolution around 8×10^-6 for △m/m is achieved.     

126Ce的EC/β+衰变

利用187 MeV的40Ca离子轰击同位素靶92Mo, 由熔合蒸发反应生成目标核126Ce。 藉助氦喷嘴快速带传输系统和X-X-t与X-γ-t符合测量, 首次建立了126Ce的EC/β+衰变纲图。 建议了可能属于126Ce一个高自旋同核异能态的衰变, 其β衰变后布居在与126La的高自旋同核异能态相关的低位能级区, 测定的半衰期是57(9) s。 也建议了可能属于126Ce基态的衰变, 其β衰变后布居在与126La的低自旋同核异能态相关的低位能级区,它的半衰期被测定为12(4) s。 但偶偶核126Ce存在高自旋同核异能态的物理原因还有待进一步探究。 Ce was produced by bombarding an enriched target of 92Mo with 187 MeV 40Ca beam and studiedby using a helium jet fast tape transport system in combination with X-γ and γ-γ coincidencemeasurements. An EC/β+ decay scheme of 126Ce was proposed for the first time. A group of low lying states associated with the low spin isomer in 126La feeding by β decay was possibly from the ground state EC/β+ decay of 126Ce with the measured half-life 12(4) s. Another group of low lying states associated with the high spin isomer in 126La feeding by β decay was possibly from a high spin isomer EC/β+ decay of 126Ce with the measured half-life 57(9) s. However, the physical reason for the existence of a high spin isomer in even-even nucleus 126Ce is still an open problem.     

Photo-transmutation based on resonance γ-ray source

High intensity γ-ray source can be obtained through resonance reaction induced by protons. In this work, the possibility of using such high intensity MeV-range γ-ray source to transmute nuclear waste is investigated through Mont Carlo simulation.~(197) Au(γ, n)~(196)Au experiment is performed to obtain the transmutation rate and compared with the simulation result. If the current of the proton beam is 10 mA at the resonance energy of 441 keV, with the γ photons emitted from~7 Li(p, γ)~8 Be, then the corresponding transmutation yield for~(129)I in 2π direction can reach 9.4 × 10~9 per hour. The result is compared with that of LCS γ-ray source.     

229Ra的衰变纲图

用１４ＭｅＶ中子轰击钍靶,通过￣（２３２）Ｔｈ（ｎ,α）￣（２２９）Ｒａ反应产生￣（２２９）Ｒａ,由放射化学分离技术从被照靶物质中分离出￣（２２９）Ｒａ活性;利用γ（Ｘ）谱学方法,首次观测到了￣（２２９）Ｒａ的能量为１４．５、１５．６、１８．８、２１．８、２２．５、４４．０、４７．５、５５．０、６３．０、６９．６、９３．６、９４．１、９８．５、１０２．２、１０４．５、１０６．１、１６１．１和１７１．５ｋｅＶ的１８条新衰变γ射线,并建立了￣（２２９）Ｒａ的部分衰变纲图． The￣(229)Ra has been produced in the￣(232)Th (n,α)￣(229)Ra reaction by 14 Mev neutron irradiation of natural Thorium.The￣(229)Ra activities were separated from irradiated target material by radiochemical separation technique. The 18 new γ rays of !(229)Ra decay with energies of 14. 5, 15. 6, 18. 8, 21. 8, 22. 5, 44. 0, 47. 5, 55. 0, 63. 0, 69. 6, 93. 6, 94. 1,98. 5, 102. 2, 104. 5, 106. 1, 161. 1 and 171. 5 keV were found for the first take by using y (X ) ...     

波包宽度对弹核碎裂反应截面的影响

运用改进的量子分子动力学(ImQMD)模型嫁接GEMINI统计衰变模型对波包宽度与弹核碎裂反应截面之间的关系进行了理论分析,分析了不同的波包宽度对400 AMeV 36Ar+C,20Ne与C,Al,Cu,Sn弹核碎裂反应截面的影响,分析了同位素36Ar,40Ar与Al反应在不同的波包宽度下的同位素分布。分析结果表明:波包宽度的选择影响着弹核碎裂的反应截面,并且与核反应体系有关。当σ2_r = 2 fm2时的计算结果与实验结果一致;而σ_r =(0.88+0.09 A1/3) fm的计算结果与体系有很大的关系,对弹核碎裂的反应截面影响明显。不的波包宽度对丰中子核40Ar的弹核碎裂反应截面的影响要小于对36Ar的弹核碎裂反应截面的影响,而且随体系分布的波包宽度计算的同位素要比σ2_r =2 fm2时计算的同位素多。The relations between wave packet width and projectile fragmentation cross sections are studied in theory by using the improved quantum molecular dynamics (ImQMD) and GEMINI models. The effect of different wave packet width for projectile fragmentation cross sections is analyzed for the reaction 36Ar on C, 20Ne on C, Al, Cu, Sn at 400 AMeV, the isotope distributions with different wave packet width are studied for reactions 36Ar, 40Ar on Al. The results show that the projectile fragmentation cross sections are affected by the choice of the wave packet width, and are related to the system of nuclear reaction. The calculation results of σ2_r =2 fm2are in agreement with the experimental results, but the results of σ_r = (0.88+0.09A1/3) fm have a strong relation with reaction system and the projectile fragmentation cross sections are affected obviously. The influence of wave packet width for 40Ar projectile fragmentation cross sections is smaller than that for 36Ar.Moreover isotope distributions with system-size-dependent wave packet width are larger than with σ2_r =2 fm2.     

Study of 1／2 [660] （π^i13／2） Rotation Band in ^179Au

High-spin states in ^179Au have been studied experimentally by using the ^149Sm(^35C1, 5n) reaction at beam energies of 164,~180 MeV. The ^35C1 beam was provided by the tandem accelerator at the Japan Atomic En-ergy Research Institute (JAERI). The target is an isotopically enriched ^149Sm metallic foil of 1.5 mg/cm^2 thickness with a 5.0 mg/cm^2 Pb backing. Measurements of γ-ray excitation functions, X-γ coincidences and γ-γ-t coincidences were performed with 13 HPGe‘s with BGO anti-Compton shields and three LOAX detectors.     

L-SHELL IONIZATION MEASUREMENT OF TUNGSTEN BY ELECTRON IMPACT

L-shell partial production cross sections of L_α^-, L_β^-, L_γ^- rays by electron impact were measured by observing the counts of X-ray from impacted thin tungsten target. Total production cross sections and mean ionization cross sections were deduced from these measured results. The electron beam energy range was from 11 to 36 keV. Tungsten was sputtered onto a carbon backing to reduce bremsstrahlung of the backing. The effect of electrons reflected by the backing has been corrected. Comparison with two theoretical calculations has performed. The experimental results agree rather well with the theoretical predications.     

Study of Thick Gaseous Electron Multipliers Gain Stability and Some Influencing Factors

The working stability of thinner-thick gaseous electron multipliers （THGEMs）, which have been developed by the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Second Academy of China＇s Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, is studied with an 8 keV x-ray on a Cu target. Gains of about 103–104 are achieved with a single board in Ar：iC4H10 （97：3）. Environmental factors, such as pressure, temperature and humidity are considered. The thinner-THGEMs are shown to perform stably over two months of studies.     

New measurement of thick target yield for narrow resonance at E_x= 9.17 MeV in the ~(13)C(p, γ)~(14)N reaction

High energy γ-rays can be used in many fields, such as nuclear waste transmutation, flash photographics, and astrophysics. The~(13) C(p, γ)~(14) N resonance reaction was used to generate high energy and mono-energetic γ-rays in this work. The thick-target yield of the 9.17-MeV γ-ray from the resonance in this reaction was determined to be(4.7±0.4)×10~(-9)γ/proton,which was measured by a HPGe detector. Meanwhile, the angular distribution of 9.17-MeV γ-ray was also determined.The absolute efficiency of HPGe detector was calibrated using~(56 )Co and~(152) Eu sources with known radioactive activities and calculated by GEANT4 simulation.     

A study on the decay of ^72As

The excited states of the ⁷²Ge nucleus were investigated in radioactive decay of ⁷²As. Three new transitions with 1996.58, 2125.59 and 2255.49keV have been found for the first time. One γ-ray with 912.09keV has been placed in the decay scheme for the first time, and the placement of 1938.88, 2116.79, 2785.59, 2833.03, 2950.69 and 3338.00keV γ-rays are confirmed again in the present work. One new level at 2027.72keV excitation energy is proposed. The level scheme was established and for a number of levels spin-parity assignments are suggested on the basis of logft values and γ-branching ratios.     

Impact parameter dependence of high-energy gamma-ray production in argon induced reaction at 85 MeV/nucleon

The double-differential cross sections for high-energy γ-rays were measured for collisions of ³⁶Ar on C, Al, Cu, Ag, Tb, and Au at 85 MeV/nucleon. The system ³⁶Ar+ ²⁷Al has been studied in more detail in an exclusive experiment where the charged-particle multiplicity was measured in coincidence with high-energy γ-rays. A clear correlation between the hardness of the γ-spectra and the overlap distance of the two ions is observed. This correlation is interpreted as due to the spatial dependence of the Fermi momentum of the nucleons.     

Investigation of 36Ar with the 35Cl(p, γ)36Ar reaction: (II). Angular distributions and shell model calculations

The angular distributions of primary and secondary γ-ray transitions at eight resonances in the ³⁵Cl(p,γ)³⁶Ar reaction have been measured with a 60 cm³ Ge(Li) detector. The measurements lead to unambiguous J^gp assignments for 17 states of ³⁶Ar and to J^π limitations for seven other states. A large number of γ-ray multipole mixing ratios were obtained. Many of the resonances are analogues of ³⁶Cl levels. The lifetime of the E_x = 6.36 MeV level has been determined as τ_m = 440 +-150 fs. A simple shell model calculation has been performed to study the odd-parity levels of ³⁶Ar and ³⁶Cl. Coulomb displacement energies have been computed. Spectroscopic factors have been calculated and compared with the experimental data for the ³⁵Cl(d, p)³⁶Cl and ³⁵(τ, d)³⁶ reactions.     

35MeV/u 36Ar+112,124Sn反应中中等质量碎片关联函数的入射道依赖

³⁶Ar+^112,124Sn反应中小角关联出射的中等质量碎片(IMF)约化速度关联函数. 结果表明³⁶Ar+¹²⁴Sn反应系统中的约化速度关联函数在小约化速度处的反关联程度比³⁶Ar+¹¹²Sn反应系统中的强, 表现出明显的入射道依赖性. 考察出射粒子对的单核子总动量时, 发现这种差异主要来自于高动量粒子对的贡献. 用三体弹道理论模型MENEKA分别计算了两个系统的IMF发射时标, 在³⁶Ar+¹¹²Sn反应系统中约为150fm/c, 而在³⁶Ar+¹²⁴Sn反应系统中, 约为120fm/c. 同位旋相关的量子分子动力学计算表明, ³⁶Ar+¹²⁴Sn系统中IMF的发射时间谱比³⁶Ar+¹¹²Sn系统略有前移, 相应地, 其中心密度从最高点随时间的下降亦比³⁶Ar+¹¹²Sn系统略快.     

Thermoluminescence and photoluminescence of LiNaSO4:Eu irradiated with 24 and 48 MeV Li ion beam

Thermoluminescence (TL) of LiNaSO₄:Eu phosphor, irradiated with 24 and 48 MeV ⁷Li ions at different fluences in the range 5×10⁹-1×10¹² ion/cm², has been studied. The samples from the same batch were also exposed to γ-rays from a Cs¹³⁷ source for comparative studies. The TL glow curves of the materials, irradiated with ⁷Li ions, have similar structures to that of γ-irradiated sample. They have a simple structure with a prominent peak at 412 K along with small one at around 481 K. The intensity ratios of 412-481 K peaks have been observed to increase with fluence increasing, while that of γ-irradiated sample shows a reverse trend. This could be attributed to the changes in the recombination center populations due to ⁷Li ions, that have been implanted inside the matrix of LiNaSO₄:Eu, during irradiation and might also act as a source for new trapping and luminescent centers. The implantation has been confirmed by TRIM calculations. The penetration depths (where the ion comes to rest) are found to be 145 and 463 μm corresponding to 24 and 48 MeV ion beam energies, respectively, which are less than the thickness of the sample chips (∼800 μm). The efficiencies of LiNaSO₄:Eu to 24 and 48 MeV ⁷Li ions measured relative to γ-rays of Cs¹³⁷ are found to be 0.007 and 0.024, respectively. Theoretical analysis of the glow curves of the samples irradiated by ⁷Li ions and γ-rays were done by glow curve deconvolution method to determine trapping parameters of various peaks. The experimentally observed linearity/sublinearity has been discussed in the frame of track interaction model. Photoluminescence studies in the ⁷Li ions irradiated and un-irradiated samples show that europium ions have incorporated in the host in their divalent (emission at 440 nm) as well as trivalent (emissions at 594, 615 and 700 nm) forms. The intensities of the emission bands of these ions have been observed to increase with fluence increasing.     

Non-linearity of the high temperature peak area ratio of 6LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-600)

Thermoluminescent dosemeters of ⁶LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-600) were exposed to high-energy heavy ion beams (He, C, Ne, and Ar) and ¹³⁷Cs γ-rays and the glow curves were analyzed. The height of the main peak (peak 5) at about 200°C slightly increased for He from γ-rays and decreased for heavier ions with increasing Linear Energy Transfer (LET). Whereas the high temperature peak (peak 7) area around 260°C simply increased. Non-linearity was seen between the LET and the high temperature peak (peak 7) area ratio (HTR) which was calculated as the TL integrated over 225–275°C from the peak 5 normalized glow curve. Based on these results, average LET and quality factor were estimated for an assumed LET spectra of space radiation by using the HTR method. Considerable differences were found between these estimations and true values.     

Effects of Na and K co-doping on growth and scintillation properties of Eu:SrI2 crystals

We grew Na and K co-doped Eu:SrI₂ [Na,Eu:SrI₂ and K,Eu:SrI₂] crystals by a modified micro-pulling-down method to reveal the co-doping effects on the crystal growth and scintillation properties. The non-codoped, Na0.5%, Na1.0%, K0.5% and K1.0%,Eu:SrI₂ crystals indicated high transparency while the milky parts were generated in the Na5.0% and K5.0%,Eu:SrI₂ crystals. The light yields of Na,Eu:SrI₂ and K,Eu:SrI₂ crystals under γ-ray irradiation were decreased by the Na and K co-doping. On the other hand, there was a small change within 940–1020 ns in the decay times by the Na and K co-doping. In the light yield proportionality under γ-ray irradiation, the non-proportionality in the low energy region was improved by Na and K co-doping.     

Decay of the new isotope167W

Theα- and β-decay of the new isotope¹⁶⁷W were observed in the reaction of 191 MeV³⁶Ar with¹³⁶Ba using a helium-jet and a fast tape-transport system. The identification is based on coincidences with tantalum X-rays and excitation function measurements. The measured half-life is 19.9(5) s. A decay scheme comprising 12 levels was constructed from γγ-coincidences. The β-decay is discussed within experimental and calculated level systematics. Alpha-rays with energy 4.55(2) MeV were assigned to¹⁶⁷W.     

Entrance Channel Dependence of the Correlation Function of IMFs in 36Ar+112,124Sn at 35MeV/u

The reduced velocity correlation functions of the Intermediate Mass Fragments (IMFs) were measured in the reactions of ³⁶Ar+^112,124Sn at 35MeV/u. The anti-correlation at small reduced velocities is more pronounced in ³⁶Ar+¹²⁴Sn system than that in ³⁶Ar+¹¹²Sn system. The difference of the correlation functions between the two reactions is mainly contributed by the particle pairs with high momenta. A three-body Coulomb repulsive trajectory code (MENEKA) is employed to calculate the emission time scale of IMFs for the both systems. The time scale is 150fm/c in the ³⁶Ar+¹¹²Sn system and 120fm/c in the ³⁶Ar+¹²⁴Sn system, respectively. A calculation based on an Isospin dependence Quantum Molecular Dynamics code (IQMD) reveals that the emission time spectrum of IMFs is shifted slightly leftwards in ³⁶Ar+¹²⁴Sn compared with that in the ³⁶Ar+¹¹²Sn system, indicating a shorter emission time scale. Correspondingly, the central density of the hot nuclei decreases faster in ³⁶Ar+¹²⁴Sn than in ³⁶Ar+¹¹²Sn.     

The Giant Dipole Resonance in the superdeformed143Eu nucleus

The γ-decay of the Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) built on excited nuclear states has been measured for the nucleus¹⁴³Eu. The reaction¹¹⁰Pd(³⁷Cl, 4n)¹⁴³Eu at a beam energy of 165 MeV has been employed. This experiment aimed at searching the γ-decay of the GDR built on the superdeformed¹⁴³Eu states, populated at high spins. High-energy γ-rays were detected in 8 large BaF₂ scintillators in coincidence with discrete transitions measured with the NORDBALL array (in the configuration consisting of 17 HPGe detectors and a 2π multiplicity filter). The spectrum of high-energy γ-rays gated by low-energy transitions between states fed by the superdeformed states shows some excess of yield in the 7–10 MeV region with respect to that gated by transitions between states not populated by the superdeformed states. This excess should be due to the γ-decay of the the giant dipole oscillation along the superdeformed axis of the nucleus that is expected to have a frequency corresponding to ≈9–10 MeV (low-energy component of the GDR strength function). The measured excess, in spite of the large error bars, is found to be of the same order as predicted statistical model values.     

The reaction 36(α, γ)40Ar: γ-transition properties of resonance and bound states in 40Ar

The El character of the de-excitation of the 9 to 10 MeV states in ⁴⁰Ar has been studied through the reaction ³⁶S(α, γ)⁴⁰Ar. Angular distributions and γ-yield asymmetries of primary transitions from the E_α = 2.35 to 3.50 MeV resonances have been measured. The Doppler-shift attenuation method was used to obtain the following lifetime values: 720 ± 120fs (E_x= 2.52 MeV), 89 ±17 (3.21), 90±17(3.511), 22 ±9 (4.33), and 105 ± 17 (4.60).