核反应总截面和奇异结构研究

本总结了晕和皮等奇异核子结构研究的现状,介绍了发现晕和皮现象的实验证据。然后集中介绍了利用奇异核反应总截面的实验测量和理论模型,从中提取奇异核物质半径,核内核子分布以及介质中的核子－核子碰撞截面等重要信息,我们将特别强调通过实验测量和理论模型之间的联系来研究奇异结构性质。     

利用改进的Glauber模型对非奇异核核反应总截面数据的拟合

在对反应总截面的理论计算中,现有的理论计算值与实验数据在高能区可以很好的符合，但在中能区理论值低于实验值约10％—20％.通过对计算核反应总截面的Glauber模型加入有限程修正，并对输入的核物质密度分布采用双参数的费米密度分布形式.计算结果表明，理论计算值对于没有奇异结构的核在低中能区和高能区，都与实验数据很好符合.     

晕核反应总截面和密度分布

利用考虑了量子修正、库仑修正、核子–核子碰撞同位旋效应和假定有效原子核密度分布后得到的改进的Glauber理论,计算了晕核与稳定核反应总截面,研究了晕核结构对反应总截面的影响.结果发现对于¹¹Be,¹⁴Be和¹¹Li等入射核,必须考虑它们的晕核结构和利用自由的核子–核子碰撞截面才能得到与实验符合的反应截面,并可依据反应总截面来确定晕核的密度分布和均方半径等信息.     

核反应总截面和奇异结构研究

本文总结了晕和皮等奇异核子结构研究的现状 ,介绍了发现晕和皮现象的实验证据。然后集中介绍了利用奇异核反应总截面的实验测量和理论模型 ,从中提取奇异核物质半径、核内核子分布以及介质中的核子 核子碰撞截面等重要信息 ,我们将特别强调通过实验测量和理论模型之间的联系来研究奇异结构性质。     

改进的Glauber模型对奇异核反应总截面数据的拟合

利用Glauber模型对奇异核的反应总截面进行计算时,对模型进行了有限程修正和库仑修正,并对奇异核输入的密度采用了核芯加价核子的形式,使得理论与实验在中高能下都得到了很好的符合.     

一个奇异核反应总截面的探测系统及其应用

评述了现有的奇异核反应总截面测量方法,介绍了一套简单可行的测量中能区奇异核反应总截面的探测装置,并对实验的能量刻度、粒子鉴别以及实验结果进行了阐述和讨论． The present status of experimental studies of the total reaction cross sections of exotic nuclei are reviewed. A detector system used for measuring the total reaction cross section of radioactive ions is described. The energy calibration of detectors, particle identification and possible experimental results are discussed.     

轻核中能质子总截面与朝前振幅

利用整个中能区的质子总截面和朝前散射振幅作为手段,对原子核¹²C和¹⁶O的α粒子结构模型进行了检验.讨论了⁴He的总截面.结果是对¹²C和¹⁶O的α粒子结构观点提供了一个有力的支持.     

中子分布弥散度对反应总截面的影响

在引入库仑场修正的Glauber模型基础上,区分入射弹核和靶核中的中子、质子,并考虑有限力程相互作用,发展了一个计算核反应总截面的微观修正模型.如果引入一个核内中子分布弥散度随中子分离能的变化关系,则能较好地解释奇异核(如⁸He,¹¹Li,¹¹Be)反应总截面的反常增加.同时,该修正模型还能在低能到高能的范围内较好地拟会稳定核的反应总截面.     

中能区丰中子核11Li的反应总截面的测量

利用HIRFL提供的50MeV/u的¹³C束流轰击Be靶, 通过RIBLL选择出放射性核素¹¹Li. 实验采用透射法测量了25—45MeV/u的¹¹Li在²⁸Si靶上的反应总截面. 采用双参数Gauss密度分布形式, 利用Glauber模型很好地拟合了高能和中能区的¹¹Li实验数据, 并从密度分布中提取了核的物质均方根半径.     

放射性核束引起的奇异核反应研究

结合开展的工作，对放射性核束流引起的核反应总截面研究、放射性束流引起的熔合反应研究、放射性束流开展的天体物理核反应研究以及其它有关的核反应研究进行了评述，并对其可能的发展作了一些探讨 .The study of total nuclear reaction cross section, nuclear fusion reaction,nuclear reaction of astrophysics and related reactions induced by radioactive nuclear beam are reviewed in this paper. The future development of this field is discussed.     

轻核(n,x)反应微分截面的实验测量

对本课题组十几年来的(n,x)反应实验研究工作进行了评述.介绍了屏栅电离室的特点、构造与工作原理.用屏栅电离室在北京大学4.5MV静电加速器上测量了1—7MeV中子6Li(n,t)4He和10B(n,α)7Li反应的微分截面与截面,对实验结果进行了讨论. Our research work on (n, x) reaction for more than one decade is reviewed. The characteristics, structure, and working principle of the gridded ionization chamber are discussed. Differential cross sections and cross sections of the~(6)Li(n, t)~(4)He and~(10)B(n, α)~(7)Li reactions were measured in the neutron energy range of 1—7 MeV by using the GIC method. Experiments were carried out at the 4.5 MV Van de Graaff accelerator of Peking University. Results of the measurement are discussed.     

Total Photoabsorption Cross Section and Excitation Function in the Quasi-Deuteron Energy Region

In photofission a lot of studies have been made to analyze the energy of the nuclei to understand their inner structure. The relevance of the excitation function has been pointed out. The Rami J tonian of interaction for the photofission was deduced and connected to the excitation function.     

Total Nuclear Reaction Cross Section Induced by Halo Nuclei and Stable Nuclei

We develop a method for calculation of the total reaction cross sections induced by the halo nuclei and stable. nuclei. This approach is based on the Glauber theory, which is valid for nuclear reactions at high energies. It is extended for nuclear reactions at low energies and intermediate energies by including both the quantum correction and Coulomb correction under the assumption of the effective nuclear density distribution. The calculated results of the total reaction cross section induced by stable nuclei agree well with 30 experimental data within 10 percent accuracy. The comparison between the numerical results and 20 experimental data for the total nuclear reaction cross section induced by the neutron halo nuclei and the proton halo nuclei indicates a satisfactory agreement after considering the halo structure of these nuclei, which implies quite different mean fields for the nuclear reactions induced by halo nuclei and stable nuclei. The halo nucleon distributions and the root-mean-square radii of these nuclei can be extracted from the above comparison based on the improved Glauber model, which indicates clearly the halo structures of these nuclei. Especially,it is clear to see that the medium correction of the nucleon-nucleon collision has little effect on the total reaction cross sections induced by the halo nuclei due to the very weak binding and the very extended density distribution.     

Total Nuclear Reaction Cross Section Induced by Halo Nuclei and Stable Nuclei

We develop a method for calculation of the total reaction cross sections induced by the halo nuclei and stable nuclei. This approach is based on the Glauber theory, which is valid for nuclear reactions at high energies. It is extended for nuclear reactions at low energies and intermediate energies by including both the quantum correction and Coulomb correction under the assumption of the effective nuclear density distribution. The calculated results of the total reaction cross section induced by stable nuclei agree well with 30 experimental data within 10 percent accuracy.The comparison between the numerical results and 20 experimental data for the total nuclear reaction cross section induced by the neutron halo nuclei and the proton halo nuclei indicates a satisfactory agreement after considering the halo structure of these nuclei, which implies quite digerent mean fields for the nuclear reactions induced by halo nuclei and stable nuclei. The halo nucleon distributions and the root-mean-square radii of these nuclei can be extracted from the above comparison based on the improved Glauber model, which indicates clearly the halo structures of these nuclei. Especially,it is clear to see that the medium correction of the nucleon-nucleon collision has little effect on the total reaction cross sections, induced by the halo nuclei due to the very weak binding and the very extended density distribution.     

Intermediate Energy Coulomb Excitation of Neutron-Rich Nuclei

We reinvestigate the collective effects of the retardation as well as the bending on the Coulomb excitation cross sections and also on the B（E2） strengths of some neutron-rich isotopes using the intermediate energy Coulomb excitation theory. It is found that the B（E2） strengths extracted from the experimental Coulomb excitation cross section data get suppressed approximately by 6%. Furthermore, the obtained B（E2） strengths in the energy range 30-100 MeV/A are found to be in better agreement with the corresponding values known from other sources, than those obtained by using the recoil-corrected relativistic Coulomb excitation theory.     

基于RIBLL2的奇特原子核电荷改变截面实验测量进展

电荷半径是原子核最基本的物理观测量之一,反映了原子核内的质子分布。精确的电荷半径测量是研究奇特原子核结构的重要手段。在相对论能区,通过高精度测量原子核的电荷改变截面来提取电荷半径是近年来发展起来的一种新方法,这种方法尤其适于探索产额很低的奇特原子核。自2013年以来,北京航空航天大学-中国科学院近代物理研究所课题组基于兰州第二条次级束流线（RIBLL2）,提出并建成原子核电荷改变截面测量平台,研制了相关的TOF-△E探测器系统,开展了轻核区二十余个原子核的电荷改变截面的实验测量工作。介绍了实验平台研制情况、初步结果以及下一步计划。Charge radius is one of the most fundamental observables of atomic nuclei, reflecting the proton distributions in nuclei. Their precision measurements have severed as a key tool to study nuclear structure. Recently, a novel method to deduce charge radii has been developed via precise measurements of charge-changing cross sections(CCCS) of exotic nuclei at relativistic energies. This method is in particular suitable for investigation of exotic nuclei with low production yield. In 2013, we proposed to make such measurements for exotic nuclei lighter than oxygen based on the RIBLL2 beam line. Since then, the TOF-△E detector system for particleidentification(PID) and the CCCS platform have been constructed, continuously optimized and tested. So far CCCS measurements on a carbon target have been performed for more than 20 isotopes. In this contribution, we will introduce the progress of detector development, the progress in PID, and our experimental progress and plan.     

轻丰中子核反应中子集团产生截面的理论研究

采用Boltzmann-Langevin方程研究了能量为35MeV/u的¹⁴Be, ⁸He,⁶He,¹¹Li,¹⁷B,¹¹Be,¹⁹C与¹²C靶的反应,计算了产生中子集团的截面, 发现^14,Be与¹²C靶反应产生⁴n的截面与实验值符合得很好. 通过这几个入射核与¹²C靶形成中子集团截面的对比, 发现核的晕中子越多产生中子集团的截面越大, 晕中子数相同时, 质量数越大产生中子集团的截面越大.中子集团可能主要来自晕核子.