冠状病毒感染过程中血管紧张素转换酶2作用的研究进展

冠状病毒可引起人类呼吸道、肠道等多系统感染.严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV,2003年)、人冠状病毒NL63(HCoV-NL63,2004年)以及目前的新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2,2019年)均已被证实通过与黏膜的血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)结合感染人体.因此研究冠状病毒感染过程中ACE2的作用有助于了解冠状病毒的致病机制,为新型冠状病毒肺炎的防治提供参考.该文综述了ACE2在3种冠状病毒感染人体过程中作用的研究进展,主要涉及病毒棘突蛋白识别ACE2胞外域顶端,且有跨膜蛋白酶丝氨酸2(TMPRSS2)等因子参与其中.针对冠状病毒与ACE2结合的机制,可以从多个靶点设计防治药物.     

兔抗SARS冠状病毒IgG的纯化及鉴定

目的：制备高纯度的兔抗SARS冠状病毒的IgG。方法：采用辛酸-硫酸铵沉淀进行初纯,以及DEAE离子交换层析精纯IgG,利用SDS-PAGE对纯化后的IgG纯度进行测定,利用间接ELISA、病毒中和滴定对IgG进行效价测定。结果：纯化后的IgG相对纯度达到90％以上,ELISA检测效价为1：4800,病毒中和效价为1：640。结论：利用上述纯化工艺能获得高纯度的兔抗SAILS冠状病毒IgG,同时抗体活性损失较小。     

SARS冠状病毒的诊断性实验研究

严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)是一种新的人类感染性疾病，其致病菌为SARS冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)。本文就SARS-CoV发现过程、病毒特点及检测方法的研究进展和应用情况加以概述。     

SARS冠状病毒及相关病毒的分子系统学分析

根据SARS冠状病毒及其相关病毒的基因组核酸序列和3种不同蛋白质序列，应用最大简约法和最小进化法重建系统发育树；并对SARS冠状病毒的11个推测蛋白质(ORF)做BLAST分析。结果表明，SARS冠状病毒和鼠肝炎病毒——牛冠状病毒分支构成姊妹群。其单系群性质得到强有力的统计学支持。这暗示了SARS的爆发可能源自种间屏障的突破事件，该病毒天然宿主可能为猪、牛或鼠。SARS冠状病毒与已知的人冠状病毒分属冠状病毒科的不同分支，因此致病机制可能有很大不同。3个基因的系统树分支格局的一致性表明：SARS冠状病毒这3个主要基因与其他冠状病毒间不存在重组，但全部11个ORF的BLAST分析却认为其基因组上一些小的区段可能与其他病毒存在重组。     

SARS-CoV刺突蛋白受体结合区的表达及高潜在中和性人源抗体的制备

为表达SARS-CoV刺突蛋白S(Spike)受体结合区(RBD)并从中筛选高潜在中和性人源抗体,我们用原核表达并纯化的SARS-CoVSRBD进行抗体库的筛选。从多个曾患SARS的健康人血中获得淋巴细胞,PCR扩增全部抗体基因,插入Pcomb3x载体中,构建抗SARS病毒人源噬菌体抗体库。利用噬菌体表面呈现技术,从中筛选结合SARS-CoVSRBD的人源抗体并用ELISA及Westernblot鉴定阳性克隆,竞争ELISA检测人源抗体阻断SARS-CoVSRBD与其受体ACE2的结合情况。结果为构建了库容量6.2×107的免疫Fab噬菌体抗体库,重组率为75%,从中筛选获得9株特异抗SARS-CoVSRBD的人源Fab抗体,ELISA及Westernblot检测均为阳性。其中有一株能阻断SARS-CoVSRBD与其受体ACE2的结合。本实验结果表明:人源抗SARS-CoVSRBD基因工程抗体的获得,一方面将对SARS疾病的特异性预防,治疗和诊断提供新的途径,同时也提示SARS-CoV亚单位疫苗可以用于SARS疾病的预防。     

新型冠状病毒对多种生理系统的影响

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)自发现以来,迅速在国内外蔓延,对人类健康和社会经济造成了巨大损失.其病原体严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)不仅会引起典型的呼吸系统症状,还会对多种肺外脏器造成严重损伤,包括心血管系统、神经系统、消化系统、内分泌系统等,导致疾病的迅速进展,增加病死率.目前尚无该疾病的特异性治疗药物,仅以支持和对症治疗为主,但疫苗的研发已取得了阶段性的进展.     

冠状病毒与眼部疾病的关系

20世纪60年代,科学家首次分离出可感染人类的冠状病毒, HCoV-OC43和HCoV-229E早在1966年和1967年已被发现,但直到2003年SARS在全球爆发后冠状病毒才被广泛关注。综述了目前已发现的人感染冠状病毒特点及其与眼部的关系,以期在新型冠状病毒肆虐之际,为眼科一线临床医师筛查、确诊病例提供参考。     

血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)抑制肽的酶法制备

以扇贝裙边的酶解产物——蛋白多肽对ACE活性的抑制率作为控制水解程度的指标,确定制备ACE活性抑制肽的最佳酶种及酶解工艺技术条件.通过胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、复合风味酶、枯草杆菌蛋白酶5种酶酶解扇贝裙边得到的蛋白多肽对ACE抑制能力的比较发现,5种酶在不同酶解时间所得到的酶解蛋白多肽都具有一定的ACE抑制能力,其中胃蛋白酶酶解蛋白多肽的ACE抑制率最高,为91.33%;再经L9(3)4正交实验对胃蛋白酶酶解工艺条件进行优化,确定酶解反应最佳条件是酶量400 U.g-底1物,pH 2.5,温度32℃,底物浓度(原料∶水)1∶2,酶解时间3 h;试验结果还表明,单酶(胃蛋白酶)的酶解蛋白多肽比复合酶(复合风味酶)和双酶(胃蛋白酶 木瓜蛋白酶)的酶解蛋白多肽对ACE活性的抑制能力都强.     

ACE2在特定人群中的表达规律与COVID-19易感性和相关性研究进展

血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)是一种与冠状病毒刺突蛋白相互作用的感染受体,它介导了 2003年人类严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)的传播,也是产生2020年新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的受体.目前发现患有低体力活动相关的疾病、慢性疾病、感染性疾病等均与新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的易感...     

重组SARS冠状病毒S蛋白的原核表达研究

目的克隆表达SARS冠状病毒的主要结构蛋白(S蛋白)。方法合成SARS冠状病毒S蛋白特异性基因片断并克隆入pET32a原核表达载体,转化BL21菌,经IPTG诱导高效表达得到重组S蛋白,并通过W estern印迹对重组蛋白质进行鉴定。结果重组蛋白质经镍柱亲和层析得到了部分纯化,免疫动物后得到SARS病毒的多克隆抗体。结论经E lisa检测,表达的重组S蛋白基本具备检测病人血清中抗SARS病毒IgG和IgM的能力,可进一步用于S蛋白功能研究与SARS诊断试剂盒的研制。     

Molecular phylogeny of coronaviruses including human SARS-CoV

The outbreak of SARS sets an urgent task to reveal the origin of human SARS-CoV, i.e. its relation to other known species of coronavirus, and to trace the genetic variation in the spreading process of SARS. Partial answer to the problem may be obtained from phylogenetic analy-sis of available genomes. We call a phylogenetic tree of different species of coronavirus including the human SARS-Cov a CoV Tree and that of different isolates of SARS-CoV a SARS Tree. CoV trees have been c…     

引起人非典型性肺炎的冠状病毒基因组与其它冠状病毒基因组的初步比较

一种在世界范围内突然爆发的致命流行病——急性呼吸窘迫综合症(SARS)击倒了数干人，一种全新的冠状病毒被认为是其病原．5个SARS相关冠状病毒的全基因组序列已经完成．我们进行了SARS相关冠状病毒和其它冠状病毒的基因组进化分析和序列比较，结果显示：1．SARS相关冠状病毒不直接来自于任何已知的冠状病毒；2．E蛋白的基因可能是在近期从其它病毒横向转移到SARS病毒中来的；3．Sl和S2基因发生了较大范围的缺失或插入突变．这些基因横向转移和突变改变了SARS相关病毒的表面结构和抗原性，极有可能是导致其获得侵染人类细胞的主要原因．     

对SARS制定科学术语的意见

建议将现称的萨斯(SARS)改称传染性冠状病毒肺炎。     

Bioinformatic Analysis of Putative Gene Products Encoded in SARS—HCoV Genome

The cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been identified as a new coronavirus named as SARS-HCoV. Using bioinformatic methods, we have performed a detailed domain search. In addition to the viral structure proteins, we have found that several putative polypeptides share sequence similarity to known domains or proteins. This study may provide a basis for future studies on the infection and replication process of this notorious virus.     

A Coordination Model of Gene Sequences for SARS-CoV and its Receptor

IntroductionFrom the emergence of SARS CoV, manystudies havebeen done on its biological medicine aspects, such aspathogeny characteristics, mechanisms of causing disease,clinic diagnosis and treatment, bacterin development andthe spreading rules. At the level of molecule biology,studies have been done on its genome sequences characteristics, structures and functions of the translatedproteins, and the evolution relationships in sequences[1 5].The caus…     

Genome sequence variation analysis of two SARS coronavirus isolates after passage in Vero cell culture

SARS coronavirus is an RNA virus whose replication is error-prone, which provides possibility for escape of host defenses, and even leads to evolution of new viral strains during the passage or the transmission. Lots of variations have been detected among different SARS-CoV strains. And a study on these variations is helpful for development of efficient vaccine. Moreover, the test of nucleic acid characterization and genetic stability of SARS-CoV is important in the research of inactivated vaccine. The whole genome sequences of two SARS coronavirus strains after passage in Vero cell culture were determined and were compared with those of early passages, respectively. Results showed that both SAPS coronavirus strains have high genetic stability, although nearly 10 generations were passed. Four nucleotide variations were observed between the second passage and the llth passage of Sinol strain for identification of SARS inactivated vaccine. Moreover, only one nucleotide was different between the third passage and the 10th passage of Sino3 strain for SARS inactivated vaccine. Therefore, this study suggested it was possible to develop inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV in the future.     

SARS冠状病毒的基因组结构与药物治疗

介绍了SAPS冠状病毒的基因组结构及其作用机制的最新研究进展，探讨了抗SARS病毒药物的研制。     

The outbreak pattern of the SARS cases in Asia

The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused tremendous damage to many Asia countries, especially China. The transmission process and outbreak pattern of SARS is still not well understood. This study aims to find a simple model to describe the outbreak pattern of SARS cases by using SARS case data commonly released by governments. The outbreak pattern of cumulative SARS cases is expected to be a logistic type because the infection will be slowed down due to the increasing control effort by people and/or due to depletion of susceptible individuals. The increase rate of SARS cases is expected to decrease with the cumulative SARS cases, as described by the traditional logistical model, which is widely used in population dynamic studies. The instantaneous rate of increases were significantly and negatively correlated with the cumulative SARS cases in mainland of China (including Beijing, Hebei, Tianjin, Shanxi,the Autonomous Region of Inner Mongolia) and Singapore. The basic reproduction number R0 in Asia ranged from 2.0 to 5.6 (except for Taiwan, China). The R0 of Hebei and Tianjin were much higher than that of Singapore, Hongkong, Beijing, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, indicating SARS virus might have originated differently or new mutations occurred during transmission. We demonstrated that the outbreaks of SARS in many regions of Asia were wall described by the logistic model, and the control measures implemented by governments are effective. The maximum instantaneous rate of increase, basic reproductive number, and maximum cumulative SARS cases were also calculated by using the logistic model.     

Dissection of SARS Coronavirus Spike Protein into Discrete Folded Fragments

Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), which is the causative agent of the atypical pneumonia, was first identified in the fall of 2002 to be a previously unknown member of the family of coronaviruses[1]. The rapid transmis…