A new coding scheme of QC-LDPC codes for optical transmission systems

Based on Galois Field (GF(q)) multiplicative group, a new coding scheme for Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check (QC-LDPC) codes is proposed, and the new coding scheme has some advantages such as the simpler construction, the easier implementation encoding, the lower complexity of the encoding and decoding, the more flexible adjustment of the code length as well as the code rate and so forth. Under the condition of considering the characteristics of optical transmission systems, an irregular QC-LDPC (3843,3603) code to be suitable for optical transmission systems is constructed by applying the proposed new coding scheme. The simulation result shows that the net coding gain (NCG) of the irregular QC-LDPC (3843,3603) code is respectively improved 2.14 dB, 1.19 dB, 0.24 dB and 0.14 dB more than those of the classic RS (255,239) code in ITU-T G.975, the LDPC (32640,30592) code in ITU-T G.975.1, the regular SCG-LDPC (3969,3720) code constructed by the Systematically Constructed Gallager (SCG) coding scheme and the regular QC-LDPC (4221,3956) code at the bit error rate (BER) of 10-8. Furthermore, all the five codes have the same code rate of 93.7%. Therefore, the irregular QC-LDPC (3843,3603) code constructed by the proposed new coding scheme has the more excellent error-correction performance and can be better suitable for optical transmission systems.     

高效纠错编码技术在无线光通信中的性能分析

在介绍无线光通信信道及系统模型的基础上,推导了无线光通信未编码系统和RS编码系统在已知信道边信息条件下的平均误码率,从接收光功率和对数振幅起伏方差方面对RS码编码系统和Turbo编码系统的性能进行比较.仿真结果表明,采用编码方案可以有效地改善大气湍流对通信链路性能的恶化,Turbo码编码方案比RS码编码方案能更好地抗大气湍流干扰.     

A novel block turbo code for high-speed long-haul DWDM optical communication systems

A novel super forward error correction (SFEC) coding scheme, based on the block turbo code (BTC) of Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocguenghem (BCH)(64,57)×BCH(64,57), in high-speed long-haul dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) optical communication systems is proposed. The simulation results and its analyses show that the net coding gain (NCG) of the novel SFEC code at iteration 6 is, respectively, 0.31 and 0.34 dB more than those of the BCH(3860, 3824)+BCH(2040, 1930) code and Reed–Solomon (RS)(255,239)+convolutional–self-orthogonal code (CSOC)(k₀/n₀=6/7, J=8) code in the Recommendation of ITU-T G.975.1 at iteration 3 for the bit error rate (BER) of 10⁻¹². The performance analyses for the novel SFEC code show that it has excellent advantages such as the shorter component code and rapid encoding/decoding speed; thus, both the complexity to implement its software/hardware and the delay time for its encoding/decoding can be greatly reduced. As a result, the novel SFEC coding scheme can better be applicable in high-speed long-haul DWDM optical communication systems. In addition, the design and implementation of the novel BTC are also analyzed and probed.     

All-fiber eye-safe pulsed laser with Er-Yb Co-doped multi-stage amplifier

We report an all-fiber pulsed laser with multistage fiber amplifier which was suitable for high power eye-safe free space optical communications. Tapered structure has been utilized between booster and final amplifiers, which could increase the power coupling from the former fiber into the core of the latter fiber, and the beam quality of the output laser could be improved simultaneously. A maximum output power over 6 W has been achieved from the master-oscillator-power-amplifier system. With the multi-stage configuration and forward pumping, the optical signal to noise ratio was measured to be better than 50 dB.     

利用51微米激光器测量中红外光波导损耗(英文)

一种新型的采用AlGaAs材料设计制成的光波导显示了其在中红外激光器方面的应用。波导部分包含在两个GaAs的包层之间,两个包层的掺杂材料限制光场在波导中传播并且降低损耗。三个不同长度的波导经过切入式测量得到它们的内部传播损耗为1 5dB/cm和耦合损耗为9dB。所采用的中红外激光器的波长是5 1μm,输出功率在45毫瓦以上。从光波导输出的光功率只有几个毫瓦。     

Dual-Output Mach–Zehnder Modulator for Optical Access Networks

This paper employs dual-output Mach–Zehnder Modulator (MZM) for optical access networks without optical filters. Light waves generated from multiple laser sources are multiplexed and fed into dual-output MZM. Biasing the dual-output MZM at null point generates central carriers in one output port and first-order sidebands in another output port. Reflective semiconductor optical amplifier modulates both the central carriers and sidebands with wired and wireless data, respectively. The modulated optical signals are combined by polarization beam splitter and transmitted through 25-km single-mode fiber. The performance of the proposed scheme is proved by clear eye-diagrams and great bit error rate (BER) curves. Moreover, the power penalty at the BER of 10^-9 is less than 1 dB for both wired and wireless signals. Therefore, the proposed system simultaneously transmits wired and wireless signals.     

Broad-Band All-Optical Wavelength Conversion of Differential Phase-Shift Keyed Signal Using an SOA-Based Nonlinear Polarization Switch

Broad-band all-optical wavelength conversion of differential phase-shift keyed(DPSK) signal is experimentally demonstrated.This scheme is composed of a one-bit delay interferometer demodulation stage followed by a semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA) based nonlinear polarization switch.A wavelength converter for the10 Gb/s DPSK signal is presented,which has a wide wavelength range of more than 30 nm.The converted signals experience small power penalties less than 1.4 dB compared with the original signal,at a bit error rate of 10~(-9).Additionally,the optical spectra,the measured waveforms and the open eye diagrams of the converted signals show a high quality wavelength conversion performance.     

Performance analysis of synchronous coherent optical systems in the presence of multiple in-line amplifiers

The performance of synchronous binary and M-ary coherent optical systems with cascaded optical amplifiers are analysed. From the relative performance of the various demodulation techniques that are compared in terms of power penalties due to amplifier input power, noise accumulation and bit rate, it is predicted that binary homodyne PSK and M-ary FSK schemes not only accommodate more noise accumulation due to multiple amplifiers but also facilitate improvement in dynamic range. The results on the performance of systems in the 1–10Gb/s range show that total system lengths of the order of 5000km can be achieved at 10Gb/s for 16-FSK and homodyne PSK for a bit error rate of 10−9 and 1 dB power penalty, whereas it is reduced by a factor of about two for DPSK which was the best of the direct detection and asynchronous coherent schemes that have been previously analysed. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Using Fabry-Perot laser diode and reflective semiconductor optical amplifier for long reach WDM-PON system

In this investigation, we propose and investigate the simple self-injection locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes (FP-LDs) in optical line terminal (OLT); and wavelength-tunable optical network unit (ONU) using reflective optical semiconductor amplifier (RSOA) and FP-LD laser for downstream and upstream traffic in long reach (LR) wavelength division multiplexed-passive optical network (WDM-PON) respectively. The output performance of the proposed two laser sources in terms of power and side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) has been discussed. Here, for the downstream traffic, the proposed optical transmitter can be directly modulated at 2.5 Gb/s on-off keying (OOK) format with nearly 0.4 dB power penalty at bit error rate (BER) of 10⁻⁹ through 75 km single-mode fiber (SMF) transmission. Moreover, the proposed upstream transmitter can be directly modulated at 1.25 and 2.5 Gb/s with nearly 0.5 and 1.1 dB power penalty, respectively, at the BER of 10⁻⁹.     

320 Gbit/s wavelength conversion using four-wave mixing in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers

In this study, we demonstrate error-free all-optical wavelength conversion of ultrahigh-speed intensity modulated signals by means of four-wave mixing in a quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier. Error-free performance at a bit rate of 320 Gbit/s is measured for the extracted 40 Gbit/s tributaries with a 3.4 dB average power penalty to the original signal.     

Application of Turbo codes in optical OFDM multimode fiber communication system

In this paper, Turbo Code is proposed in optical OFDM multimode fiber communication system in order to decrease the bit error rate (BER) of the system, which is mainly affected by the deep nulls of the magnitude response of multimode fiber in the high frequency region (above 3 dB). A simulation system in SIMULINK is established. Based on the system, the BER of the system with Turbo Code is compare to the systems with another two typical coding schemes including convolutional code (CC) and serially concatenated code (SCC) which uses a concatenation of convolutional and RS codes when transmitting 10 Gbps data over various length multimode fibers. Different transmitting rate is also considered. The results show that Turbo coded system has a lower BER than the other two systems and the Turbo coded system can transmit 10 Gbps data to the distance of 300 m with BER below 1e−6.     

Application of functional link artificial neural network for mitigating nonlinear effects in coherent optical OFDM

Artificial Neural Networks are developed as an important technique for equalization and have been widely used to mitigate the nonlinear effects in coherent optical systems. For the compensation of nonlinearities in coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technique, the most popular artificial neural network model is a multilayer perceptron (MLP), as it is able to perform complex mapping between input and output spaces with significant success. However due to the complexity of multilayer perceptron nonlinear equalizer (MLP-NLE) model training of neural network is difficult. To overcome computational complexity issues of MLP-NLE, a single neuron based functional link artificial neural network nonlinear equalizer (FLANN-NLE) has been developed in this paper. Better performance of an equalizer is attributed to the usage of aPSO-BP algorithm for training the FLANN-NLE. The proposed FLANN-NLE surpasses the existing works both in terms of Q-Factor and computational complexity. For a fiber length of 1000 km and at launch power of ?6 dBm, the improvement in Q-Factor is approximately equal to 3.3 and 1 dB in contrast to the previously reported values of approximately 3 and 0.7 dB at bit rate of 40 and 80 Gbps respectively.     

Design and implementation of 2-dimensional wavelength/time codes for OCDMA

In this paper, two-dimensional (2D) wavelength/time codes are designed and implemented. The 2D codes are constructed by a technique based on folding of Golomb rulers. The performance evaluation of OCDMA system based on wavelength/time code has been analyzed by measuring the values of bit error rates and eye diagrams for different number of active users. It is shown that eye opening decreases and BER increases with increase in number of active users. It is also shown that BER further increases with increase in number of active users when number of decoders increases on receiver side. Hence, it is concluded that multiple access interference (MAI) is the dominant source of BER and there is graceful degradation in system performance when number of simultaneously active users increases. The received optical power is also measured at different transmission distance. It has been observed that received optical power decreases with increase in length of fiber due to attenuation.     

特种非对称低损耗1×5光分路器

设计和优化了一种新型低损耗、低偏振的基于二氧化硅的特种非对称1×5光分路器.在设计Y分支结构时,输入端采用缓变展宽波导结构和直波导过渡波导相结合的结构,此结构可以使输入光场缓慢展宽,进行分束前的准备,大大减小分支结构的辐射损耗和模式转换损耗.非对称1×5光分路器第一个端口输出功率占50%,第二至五端口输出功率占50%.利用三维光束传播法模拟和优化了特种非对称1×5光分路器,模拟结果表明,该结构具有均匀性好、器件尺寸小、低损耗和低偏振等优点,1×5光分路器在1 250~1 650 nm波长范围内,第一个输出端口附加损耗小于0.07 dB,均匀性小于0.023 dB,偏振相关损耗小于0.009 dB,第二到五端口附加损耗小于0.45 dB,均匀性小于0.41 dB,偏振相关损耗小于0.06 dB.     

分布损耗加载回旋行波管多模稳态注波互作用理论与比较证实

基于目前国际上实验研究的均匀介质加载和周期介质加载结构,建立了一种分布式损耗加载回旋行波管(gyro-TWT)多模稳态注波互作用理论.利用这一理论,以TE01模式基波gyro-TWT注波互作用为例,将Ka和W波段的理论结果与实验和软件仿真进行比较,以证实理论的合理性.     

The effects of external optical feedback on the power penalty of DFB-LD modules for 2.5Gbs−1 optical transmission systems

We report the effects of external optical feedback on the power penalty of commercial distributed feedback laser diode (DFB-LD) modules for 2.5Gbs–1 optical transmission systems. External optical feedback presented to the DFB-LD modules causes the excitation of external cavity modes, resulting in increased relative intensity noise (RIN) and intensity noise ripples at low frequency region below 500MHz. For a 10–10 bit error rate (BER), the minimum power penalty is as much as 1.25dB for a feedback ratio of –8.8dB. An excess power penalty of 0.5dB per 3dB increase in the feedback ratio was also empirically obtained. We suggest that optical isolators in 2.5Gbs–1 DFB-LD modules used in conventional optical transmission systems or WDM systems must have a peak isolation ratio of better than 54.5dB, instead of the previously recommended 30dB, for negligible power penalty induced by external optical feedback.     

基于2D-OOC的OCDMA系统的地址码结构研究

提出了二维光正交码 (2D OOC)设计方案 ,围绕光码分多址 (OCDMA)技术实用化的两个主要指标—最大并发用户数和系统误码率的改进和提高 ,系统地研究了基于 2D OOC的OCDMA的性能 ,分析了 2D OOC码字的相关性 ,导出了系统的最大用户容量 ,详细研究了 2D OOC系统以多址干扰为主的系统误码率 .研究表明 :较之一维时域扩频码或一维谱域扩频码 ,2D OOC系统性能大大提高 ,在大信息量传输时 ,适当选择码长和码重 ,系统总容量可高达Tbits/s量级 ,性能优于基于 1D OOC的OWDM和OCDMA混合系统 .     

多调制方式下的强度叠加编码多发多收大气光通信系统性能分析

对开关键控(OOK)、脉冲位置调制(PPM)、差分脉冲位置调制(DPPM)和数字脉冲间隔调制(DPIM)下强度叠加编码多发多收(MIMO)光通信系统的性能进行了比较分析。研究表明:随着调制阶数的提高,后三种调制在平均发射功率需求方面较OOK调制有很大优势,但是相应的传输容量却有所下降。在差错性能方面,OOK调制在接收功率较低时误包率相对其它三种调制要小,当接收功率提高到一定程度时,PPM,DPPM和DPIM调制相对OOK调制均体现出了3～10dB的误包率优势。     

基于2D-OOC的OCDMA系统的地址码结构研究

提出了二维光正交码(2D-OOC)设计方案,围绕光码分多址(OCDMA)技术实用化的两个主要指标-最大并发用户数和系统误码率的改进和提高,系统地研究了基于2D-OOC的OCDMA的性能,分析了2D-OOC码字的相关性,导出了系统的最大用户容量,详细研究了2D-OOC系统以多址干扰为主的系统误码率.研究表明:较之一维时域扩频码或一维谱域扩频码,2D-OOC系统性能大大提高,在大信息量传输时,适当选择码长和码重,系统总容量可高达Tbits/s量级,性能优于基于1D-OOC的OWDM和OCDMA混合系统.     

Turbo Codes for 10-66GHz WiMax Systems

In this paper, performances of turbo codes for 10-66GHz WiMax system are analyzed and simulated. The channel of WiMax system is modeled as Rician channel due to the short wavelength. The uniform interleaver is used in the performance analysis to derive the average upper bound of performance of turbo codes. Simulations of bit error rate (BER) performances are performed for WiMax systems with/without turbo codes. It is shown that about 4.3dB coding gain can be achieved by using a [1,11/13,15/13] turbo code with 5 iterations, and thus the required transmission power of WiMax system can be decreased. It is also demonstrated that the performances of turbo codes are improved by increasing the interleaver length and the iteration number.