Microfabricated evanescent-light funnel with high-intensity cold atom flux

We process a silicon-on-insulator substrate into a funnel with a 25-μm-side square-shaped outlet by photolithography and anisotropic chemical etching. The funnel is utilized to form a cold atomic beam by means of reflection and cooling on repulsive evanescent light. Monte Carlo simulations show that the flux intensity of emitted cold Rb atoms reaches 10¹² cm⁻² s⁻¹. The mean horizontal velocity is estimated to be below 10 cm/s, while the mean vertical velocity decreases in proportion to the outlet side. The evanescent-light funnel can be developed to concentrate 80% of Rb atoms falling from a standard magneto-optical trap.     

Radially polarized hollow Gaussian beam with on-axis spiral optical vortex

The focusing properties of radially polarized hollow Gaussian beam (HGB) with on-axis spiral optical vortex are investigated theoretically by vector diffraction theory. The phase wavefront of HGB is the function of radial coordinate. Calculation results show that the focusing properties can be altered considerably by beam order of HGB, topological charge of the on-axis optical vortex, and phase parameter that characterizes the radial phase wavefront distribution. Higher topological charge induces focal evolution from one focal spot to annular focal pattern in transverse direction, while phase parameter can lead to focal shift along optical axis remarkably. In addition, focal shift direction can also be adjusted by changing varying direction of phase parameter.     

Self-trapped dynamics of a hollow Gaussian beam in metamaterials

We present a systematic investigation on the dynamics of a hollow Gaussian beam (HGB) in metamaterials. We predict self-trapped propagation of HGBs and evolution of the beam is highly influenced by dimensionless dispersion coefficient (κ), which determines the strength of dispersion over diffraction. The evolutions of HGBs such as disappearance of single ringed intensity pattern and appearance of patterns with a central bright spot are achievable with less propagation distance in metamaterials with higher values of κ. On the other hand, metamaterials with low values of κ can preserve single ring intensity distribution over a long propagation distance without focusing. When the strength of dispersion over diffraction increases, it significantly influences the evolution of the beam and may lead to the formation of tightly focussed beam with high peak intensity at the center. The phenomenon of tight focussing is found to have some applications in trapping of nanosized particles.     

Tight focusing of phase modulated radially polarized hollow Gaussian beam using complex phase filter

We propose a new approach for generating multiple focal spot segment of sub wavelength size, by tight focusing of phase modulated radially polarized hollow Gaussian beam. The focusing properties are investigated theoretically by vector diffraction theory. We observed that focal segment with multiple focal spots structure separated with different axial distance can be generated by properly tuning the phase of the incident radially polarized hollow Gaussian (HGB) beam. Potential applications of this focal shaping technique are also discussed.     

Propagation of hollow Gaussian beam through a misaligned first-order optical system and its propagation properties

Propagation properties of hollow Gaussian beam through a misaligned first-order ABCD system is studied using the generalized Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral, augmented matrix. It is shown that, as a hollow Gaussian beam passes through the misaligned first-order ABCD system, the beam shape is not preserved, the out-put beams have differences when passing different misaligned optical systems. We can adjust the size of dark region through adjusting the misaligned transverse vector E.     

会聚高斯光束焦点附近的三维光分布状态

根据惠更斯 菲涅耳原理 ,推导出了会聚高斯光束经圆形孔径衍射后焦点附近的三维光分布状态级数表达式 ,并与经典的均匀光波理论进行了比较。讨论了会聚高斯光束焦移与光学系统及高斯光束参数的关系。给出了会聚高斯光束焦点附近的等照度线图。结果表明 ,对于大菲涅耳数系统来说 ,其光强分布具有对称性     

利用纯相位型液晶空间光调制器实现空心光束

为了提高激光系统的整体效率,需要将出射光强整形为空心分布。采用纯相位型液晶空间光调制器整形近高斯分布光强到空心分布。基于能量守恒定律和等光程原理,分析了纯相位型液晶空间光调制器光束整形系统,得出了整形系统所需的相位分布。采用衍射光学方法,数值模拟了整形效果,讨论了入射光束束腰半径和强度分布等因素对整形效果的影响。利用纯相位型液晶空间光调制器实验实现了空心光束,实验测得的转换效率大于99%。     

利用纯相位型液晶空间光调制器实现空心光束

为了提高激光系统的整体效率,需要将出射光强整形为空心分布。采用纯相位型液晶空间光调制器整形近高斯分布光强到空心分布。基于能量守恒定律和等光程原理,分析了纯相位型液晶空间光调制器光束整形系统,得出了整形系统所需的相位分布。采用衍射光学方法,数值模拟了整形效果,讨论了入射光束束腰半径和强度分布等因素对整形效果的影响。利用纯相位型液晶空间光调制器实验实现了空心光束,实验测得的转换效率大于99%。     

高斯光束在双层云中传输的蒙特卡罗模拟

基于辐射传输理论, 利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了无限窄(冲击函数)准直光束入射到典型水云以及冰水双层云时的后向散射特性, 进而将得到的冲击响应与高斯光束卷积, 得到高斯光束在云层中传输的多次散射特性. 文中给出了两种波束入射时水云以及冰水双层云的反射函数随径向r和天顶角α的变化关系, 并给出了光强在云层内部的二维分布图. 计算结果表明, 高斯光束入射时, 云层反射函数的特点与无限窄准直光束入射时有较大区别. 因此在利用激光雷达进行云层探测时需要考虑激光的散斑, 文中的方法可以为此提供理论依据.     

Generation of sub wavelength focal spot with large depth of focus generated by radially polarized beam

We investigate the focusing properties of a radially polarized Bessel Gaussian beam by a high numerical aperture (NA) lens based on vector diffraction theory. We observe that our proposed system generates a sub wavelength focal spot of 0.42λ having large uniform focal depth of 6.45λ. The authors expect such a long depth of focus have great potential for use in optical, biological, high-resolution and atmospheric sciences.     

被圆相位片衍射的空心高斯光束的远场矢量结构特征

基于麦克斯韦方程组解的矢量角谱表述与稳相法,在仅有远场近似的条件下,得到了被圆相位片衍射的空心高斯光束远场能流密度分布的解析表达式.结果表明,光束的总能流可以表示为自由项与附加项之和,其中附加项是相位片对能流分布的影响;总能流、自由项能流、附加项能流又可以分别表示为各自的TE项和TM项之和.利用所导出的公式,描绘了空心高斯光束的总能流、自由项能流、附加项能流及其各自的TE项与TM项能流的横截面分布图.讨论了截断参数与附加相移对纵向总能流分布的影响.     

Scattering of Gaussian beam by a spherical particle with a spheroidal inclusion

A generalized Lorenz-Mie theory framework (GLMT) is applied to the study of Gaussian beam scattering by a spherical particle with an embedded spheroid at the center. By virtue of a transformation between the spherical and spheroidal vector wave functions, a theoretical procedure is developed to deal with the boundary conditions. Numerical results of the normalized differential scattering cross section are presented.     

部分相干平顶高斯光束通过球差透镜的聚焦特性

 基于部分相干光的传输理论,研究了部分相干平顶高斯光束通过球差透镜聚焦后轴上点的光强分布。数值计算表明:轴上最佳聚焦点随着球差从负到正的变化而向几何焦点方向移动;光束阶数越大,实现最佳聚焦点越过几何焦点所需的正球差值越小;正负球差对应的最佳聚焦点始终分居于无球差时最佳聚焦点的两侧;轴上最佳聚焦点的光强随着球差从负到正的变化而变小;当正负球差绝对值较大时,光强随球差的变化较为缓慢,而在球差值为0附近,光强随球差的变化比较剧烈。     

利用部分相干光和同心角偏差透镜列阵实现二维靶面均匀辐照

提出利用部分相干光通过透镜列阵系统实现靶而的均匀辐照, 透镜列阵能获得边缘陡峭且顶部较平坦的准近场焦斑, 透镜列阵的适当同心度偏差又使各子束的斑纹相互稍微错开, 使干涉斑纹变密, 而入射的激光是空间相干性减少了的部分相干光, 可进一步抑制了透镜列阵系统焦斑的小尺度不均匀性. 使用广义衍射积分理论, 对高斯-谢尔光束通过透镜列阵光学系统的焦斑光强分布进行了详细的二维模拟研究, 比较了完全相干光与部分相干光经过透镜列阵的匀滑效果. 数值模拟表明, 应用同心度偏差和适当离焦时, 可实现焦斑均匀性和能量利用率同时达到最佳的效果.     

部分相干平顶高斯光束通过球差透镜的聚焦特性

基于部分相干光的传输理论,研究了部分相干平顶高斯光束通过球差透镜聚焦后轴上点的光强分布。数值计算表明:轴上最佳聚焦点随着球差从负到正的变化而向几何焦点方向移动;光束阶数越大,实现最佳聚焦点越过几何焦点所需的正球差值越小;正负球差对应的最佳聚焦点始终分居于无球差时最佳聚焦点的两侧;轴上最佳聚焦点的光强随着球差从负到正的变化而变小;当正负球差绝对值较大时,光强随球差的变化较为缓慢,而在球差值为0附近,光强随球差的变化比较剧烈。     

Variable shape or variable diameter flattop beam tailored by using an adaptive weight FFT-based iterative algorithm and a phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator

The variable shape or variable diameter flattop beam shaping technique by using an adaptive weight FFT-based iterative algorithm (AWFFT-IA) and a phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator (PO-LCSLM) is demonstrated. The algorithm is used to design the phase distribution for tailoring central symmetric laser beam into the desired shape or diameter flattop beam, the PO-LCSLM serves as dynamically programmable phase filters, which depend on the designed phase distributions, to retard the incident wavefront as we would expect. The experimental results show that the technique can realize variable shape or variable diameter flattop beam shaping.     

Focusing of a vortex carrying beam with Gaussian background by a lens in the presence of spherical aberration and defocusing

Diffraction pattern formed by a lens for a vortex containing truncated beam with Gaussian background, and in the presence of spherical aberration and defocusing has been studied by Fresnel–Kirchhoff diffraction integral. For the study, two different values of topological charge are selected. Compensation of aberration in the presence of appropriate value of defocusing is investigated. Presence of spherical aberration results in an increase in the size of the dark core of the diffraction pattern. Results are also presented for the encircled energy. Some results are also presented for the influence of truncation parameter of the beam, on the point spread function at different observation planes.