Simplified system configuration for real-time Fourier transformation of optical pulses in amplitude and phase

Real-time Fourier transformation (RTFT) of optical waveforms in amplitude and phase (i.e. transform-limited RTFT) is a fundamental operation that enables the realization of many interesting ultrafast signal processing applications, including wavelength-tunable optical pulse filtering, all-optical temporal correlations and convolutions and temporal imaging, among others. In this paper, we demonstrate that under certain conditions, a single time lens (quadratic-phase temporal modulator) followed by a suitable dispersive delay line can be used to implement transform-limited RTFT of optical pulses. The design specifications and constraints of the proposed transform-limited RTFT systems are derived and discussed. As compared with the conventional methods, the proposed design does not require the use of an input dispersive device preceding the time lens or a second time lens after dispersion, thus resulting in a simpler and more practical alternative for implementing TL-RTFT of optical signals. The feasibility of our proposal to operate on picosecond optical waveforms using electro-optic time lenses has been confirmed by numerical simulations.     

When optical microscopy meets all-optical analog computing: A brief review

As a revolutionary observation tool in life science, biomedical, and material science, optical microscopy allows imaging of samples with high spatial resolution and a wide field of view. However, conventional microscopy methods are limited to single imaging and cannot accomplish real-time image processing. The edge detection, image enhancement and phase visualization schemes have attracted great interest with the rapid development of optical analog computing. The two main physical mechanisms that enable optical analog computing originate from two geometric phases: the spin-redirection Rytov-Vlasimirskii-Berry (RVB) phase and the Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase. Here, we review the basic principles and recent research progress of the RVB phase and PB phase based optical differentiators. Then we focus on the innovative and emerging applications of optical analog computing in microscopic imaging. Optical analog computing is accelerating the transformation of information processing from classical imaging to quantum techniques. Its intersection with optical microscopy opens opportunities for the development of versatile and compact optical microscopy systems.     

高速线性光采样用被动锁模光纤激光器重复频率优化

线性光采样是一种测量基于先进调制码型的高速光信号的有效手段, 而被动锁模光纤激光器是其实施所需的关键组件. 本文在介绍线性光采样工作原理的基础上, 首次分析得到被动锁模光纤激光器重复频率与待测信号光线宽的约束关系, 对于正交相移键控(QPSK)信号, 当信号光线宽与采样光脉冲重复频率的比值小于1.5×10^-3 时, 高速信号的相位噪声对线性光采样带来的损伤可以忽略不计. 利用95.984 MHz重复频率的被动锁模光纤激光器对线宽为100 kHz速率为28 Gbaud的QPSK信号开展相关实验, 通过标准数字相干接收算法可以得到与传统高速示波器相同的星座图, 理论分析与实验结果完全符合. 这一研究结果有助于线性光采样用被动锁模光纤激光器的优化设计.     

Optical frequency comb technology for ultra‐broadband radio‐frequency photonics

The outstanding phase‐noise performance of optical frequency combs has led to a revolution in optical synthesis and metrology, covering a myriad of applications, from molecular spectroscopy to laser ranging and optical communications. However, the ideal characteristics of an optical frequency comb are application dependent. In this review, the different techniques for the generation and processing of high‐repetition‐rate (>10 GHz) optical frequency combs with technologies compatible with optical communication equipment are covered. Particular emphasis is put on the benefits and prospects of this technology in the general field of radio‐frequency photonics, including applications in high‐performance microwave photonic filtering, ultra‐broadband coherent communications, and radio‐frequency arbitrary waveform generation.     

Optical Associative Memory Based on Double Phase Conjugation Using Bi_（12）TiO_（20） Photorefractive Fi

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Angular spectrum characters of high gain non-critical phase match optical parametric oscillators

The angular spectrum gain characters and the power magnification characters of high gain non-walk-off colinear optical parametric oscillators have been studied using the non-colinear phase match method for the first time.The experimental results of the KTiOAsO 4 and the KTiOPO 4 crystals are discussed in detail.At the high energy single resonant condition,low reflective ratio of the output mirror for the signal and long non-linear crystal are beneficial for small divergence angles.This method can also be used for other high gain non-walk-off phase match optical parametric processes.     

基于相位敏感谱域光学相干层析术的潜指纹获取方法

本文提出一种基于相位敏感谱域光学相干层析术 (spectral domain optical coherence tomography, SD-OCT) 的遗留指纹获取方法, 该方法具有非接触、无损、快速和高灵敏度优势. 实验结果显示, 即使在低对比度条件下, 本方法也能较好地再现遗留指纹, 证明相位敏感谱域光学相干层析术可以准确、可靠地识别潜指纹. 关键词： 潜指纹 谱域光学相干层析术 相位敏感     

A Differential Phase Detection Method for Tracking-Error Signals Using a Monolithic Confocal Laser Coupler

We previously presented the differential phase detection method using a monolithic confocal laser coupler with a confocal knife edge structure (the CKE device), which we call the CKE Pit-Edge method and which is applied to an optical disk system in which the disk has a pit depth of λ/4n. In this paper, the experimental results using this new method are reported. The experimental results agree well with the calculated results. Thus, tracking-error signals, which are very stable in the face of radial lens displacement, can be obtained for an optical disk with any pit depth using the CKE Push-Pull method and the CKE Pit-Edge method.     

Particle levitation and laboratory scattering

Measurements of light scattering from aerosol particles can provide a non-intrusive in situ method for characterising particle size distributions, composition, refractive index, phase and morphology. When coupled with techniques for isolating single particles, considerable information on the evolution of the properties of a single particle can be gained during changes in environmental conditions or chemical processing. Electrostatic, acoustic and optical techniques have been developed over many decades for capturing and levitating single particles. In this review, we will focus on studies of particles in the Mie size regime and consider the complimentarity of electrostatic and optical techniques for levitating particles and elastic and inelastic light scattering methods for characterising particles. In particular, we will review the specific advantages of establishing a single-beam gradient force optical trap (optical tweezers) for manipulating single particles or arrays of particles. Recent developments in characterising the nature of the optical trap, in applying elastic and inelastic light scattering measurements for characterising trapped particles, and in manipulating particles will be considered.     

应用于ROF系统中的单边带调制微波毫米波生成技术研究

介绍了单边带调制微波毫米波生成技术研究的背景及意义,综述了几种主要的单边带调制微波毫米波生成技术方案,包括移相法、滤波法、非线性效应法,以及在此基础上的改进方法,如应用于ROF系统中基于谐波抑制的新型单边带调制方案、应用超窄双传输峰光纤光栅实现光学单边带调制等。还介绍了两种新型单边带调制生成微波毫米波技术,包括基于极性反转电光调制器的单边带调制技术以及新型光学注入锁定单边带调制实验系统     

提高SOA响应速度的几种方法

在全光网和全光信号处理中，半导体光放大器（SOA）因其优良的非线性特性和快速响应特性而得到了广泛应用。增益恢复时间是表征SOA响应速度的关键参数。研究了增益恢复时间与SOA工作参数的关系，理论上得到动态增益特性、增益恢复时间与各参数之间的关系，并参考实际参数，进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明，增加腔长、减小横截面积、增大注入电流、增大CW辅助光功率、增大探测光功率，均可提高SOA的响应速度。     

SOA-assisted Sagnac switch and investigation of its roadmap from 10 to 40 GHz

Future broadband optical communications networks will rely on all-optical switches to perform a set of processing functions exclusively in the optical domain. Interferometric optical switches using semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) nonlinearities can perform efficient optical switching with few tens of fJ control energies and short fiber lengths allowing for monolithic integration. In this paper we present work performed with a three terminal SOA-assisted Sagnac interferometer. We review all-optical Boolean AND and XOR logic results at 10 GHz and 10 Gb/s for full duty cycle and pseudo-random data pattern operation, respectively, achieved with adequate contrast ratios, remarkably low switching energies and low pattern dependence. The ability of the device to be cascaded was proved up to 10 GHz by recirculating stably for hours arbitrary pattern profiles. Finally, and in view of the extension of photonic networks single channel data rates beyond 40 Gb/s, the performance of the switch was simulated in terms of its critical parameters. The obtained results showed that full switching operation at 40 GHz or higher is feasible either by deploying gain recovery reduction techniques in bulk and quantum well SOAs or alternatively other technologically advanced optical devices, such as quantum dot SOAs.     

Dielectrophoretically Modulated Optical Spectroscopy of Colloidal Nanoparticle Solutions in Microfluidic Channels

Optical spectroscopic techniques (e.g., extinction, scattering, and fluorescence spectroscopies) are important for the analysis of colloidal solutions of nanoparticles (NPs). They are routinely applied to plasmonic and quantum-dot NP samples assuming that these contain a single population of particles with modest size and shape dispersity. However, these spectroscopic techniques become less effective when the sample is a mixture of particles with different sizes, shapes, or composition. Here, an original microfluidic method is proposed for the optical spectroscopic analysis of colloidal NP solutions that combines periodic trapping of NPs by dielectrophoresis (DEP) with in situ optical extinction spectroscopy. The periodic trapping leads to modulation of the continuously monitored optical spectrum depending on the DEP properties of the NPs. DEP-modulated spectroscopy is demonstrated using colloidal gold NPs as small as 40 nm diameter. It is found that the DEP modulation is significantly enhanced when employing suitable microfluidic flow over a multielectrode array. Finally, it is shown that the method can identify and characterize the NP species simultaneously present in a mixture of 40 and 80 nm gold NPs, opening the way toward optical spectroscopic analysis of higher complexity NP mixtures through the combination of the DEP-modulated spectroscopy with chemometric methods.     

基于调制光晶格的中性分子束光学Stark减速与囚禁的理论研究

本文基于分子束光学Stark减速理论,提出采用调制的红失谐光晶格来减速和囚禁任意脉冲超声分子束方案,并予以理论研究.以CH₄超声分子束为例,利用Monte-Carlo方法模拟了调制光晶格中的分子减速与囚禁的动力学过程,给出减速级数、同步分子初始位相角与减速效果的关系.研究结果表明：随着减速级数的增加,被减速的分子波包逐渐从原来的分子速度分布的大波包中分离开来,且减速级数越高,减速后的分子速度越小.在其他条件相同时同步分子初始位相角越大,减速波包内的分子数目越少,同时位相空间被压缩.与未调制的光晶格减速方案相比,本方案中无分子自由飞行过程,在相同的光晶格长度内完成了双倍的减速级数.当光晶格长度取3.71 mm时,模拟结果显示CH₄分子从280 m/s减速至172 m/s,而未调制光晶格只能将CH₄分子从280 m/s减速至232 m/s,减速效果提高了26%.本方案可以集分子的减速、囚禁于一体,是一种新型的分子光学功能器件,在冷分子光学、量子信息、冷化学等前沿研究领域中有潜在的应用.     

Three-dimensional data acquisition by digital correlation of projected speckle patterns

Reliable methods for the optical acquisition of three-dimensional (3D) coordinates like the fringe projection technique or 3D laser scanning are sensible to object movements because they require the recording of a sequence of images. In contrast, techniques using the projection of a random pattern reduce the measurement time to a single exposure time.     

光导纤维中光速的实验测定

介绍了光导纤维中光速测定的基本原理。采用调制信号，应用门电路测量了两路输入信号的相差，计算出调制信号在光导纤维中的传输时间，从而得到光速。     

Diverse solid and supersolid phases of bosons in a triangular lattice

We investigate the ground state of bosons with long-range interactions in the large U limit on a triangular lattice. By mapping this system to the spin-1/2 XXZ model in a magnetic field, we can apply the spin wave theory to this study. We demonstrate how to construct the phase diagrams within the spin wave theory. The phase diagrams are given in an extensive parameter region, where, besides the superfluid phase, diverse solid and supersolid phases are shown to exist in this model. Especially, we find that the phase diagram obtained in this method is consistent with the one obtained previously using numerical techniques in the Ising limit. This confirms the effectiveness of our method. We analyze the stability of all the obtained supersolids and show that they will not be ruined by the quantum fluctuations. We observe that the quantum fluctuations in the stripe supersolid phase could be enhanced by the external field. We also discuss the relevance of our result with the experiment that may be realized with ultracold bosonic polar molecules in a triangular optical lattice.     

Efficient phase noise suppression of an external-cavity diode-laser by optical filtering and resonant optical feedback

We experimentally demonstrated that the excess phase noise of an external cavity diode laser (ECDL) can be efficiently suppressed by optical filtering and resonant optical feedback techniques. A suppression of more than 40?dB phase noise was obtained for the first time using these methods. It made that the phase noise of the ECDL reached shot noise level from 15?MHz. This opens a new way to reduce the phase noise of diode lasers.     

Optoelectronic Oscillator Based on Polarization Modulation

Abstract

A polarization modulator together with a polarizer can implement phase modulation, intensity modulation with tunable chirp, and frequency-doubling intensity modulation. If an optical filter is incorporated, frequency-quadrupling and frequency-sextupling intensity modulations and a microwave photonic phase shifter can also be realized. By using a polarization modulator to replace the intensity modulator in an optoelectronic oscillator, various new features are enabled. In this article, an analytical model for the polarization modulator-based systems is established. The recent development in employing polarization modulators for constructing optoelectronic oscillators is discussed. The emerging applications enabled by the polarization modulator-based optoelectronic oscillators and the possible future development are also discussed.     

Spectral line‐by‐line shaping for optical and microwave arbitrary waveform generations

Spectral line‐by‐line shaping is a key enabler towards optical arbitrary waveform generation, which promises broad impact both in optical science and technology. In this paper, generation of optical and microwave arbitrary waveforms using the spectral line‐by‐line shaping technique is reviewed. Compared to conventional pulse shaping, significant new physics arises in the line‐by‐line regime, where the shaped pulse fields generated from one laser pulse now overlap with those generated from adjacent pulses. This leads to coherent interference effects related to the properties of optical frequency combs which serve as the source in these experiments. We explore such effects in a series of experiments using several different high‐repetition‐rate optical combs, including harmonically mode‐locked lasers and continuous‐wave lasers that are externally phase modulated either with or without the help of an optical cavity. As an application of line‐by‐line pulse shaping, we describe generation of microwave electrical arbitrary waveforms that can be reprogrammed at rates approaching 10 GHz.