基于法布里-珀罗调谐滤波器的傅里叶域锁模扫频激光光源

报道了一个光纤型1300 nm波段的傅里叶域锁模(Fourier domain mode locking, FDML)扫频激光光源, 用于扫频光学相干层析成像技术 (optical coherence tomography, OCT) 成像. 本实验扫频激光光源采用包含增益介质、调谐滤波器和延迟线组成的长腔激光谐振腔以及光功率增强单元. FDML扫频激光光源具有快速和高度稳定运转模式, 相位稳定性好. 基于法布里-珀罗调谐滤波器(fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter, FFP-TF)的FDML扫频激光光源扫频范围为130 nm, 半高全宽为70 nm, 输出平均功率是11 mW. 与基于FFP-TF的短腔的扫频光源做了对比研究, FDML扫频光源速度从短腔的8 kHz提高到了48.12 kHz, 对应生物组织OCT成像轴向分辨率为7.8 μm, 比短腔的减小了1.9 μm. 关键词： 光学相干层析技术 扫频激光光源 傅里叶域锁模 法布里-珀罗调谐滤波器     

All-optical wavelength converter based on fiber cross-phase modulation and fiber Bragg grating

I present new method of phase modulation to amplitude modulation conversion (PM/AM conversion) that utilizes integrating capabilities of fiber Bragg grating (FBG). I found that the wavelength converter based on fiber cross-phase modulation (XPM) and new method of PM/AM conversion have an order of magnitude higher conversion efficiency then the wavelength converter based on sideband filtration method and up to 6 dB higher conversion efficiency then the converter based on the nonlinear optical loop mirror. Numerical analysis and experimental results are provided for bit rates up to 40 Gb/s.     

Erbium-doped fiber ring laser sensor for high temperature measurements based on a regenerated fiber Bragg grating

This article presents an erbium-doped fiber ring laser for high temperature measurement with high accuracy. The proposed laser sensor employs a regenerated fiber Bragg grating (RFBG) as a sensor element. Through thermal treatments, the RFBG with enhanced thermal resistance was obtained. The laser emission optical spectrum presents good performance with a high optical signal-to-noise ratio of 58dB. Experimental results demonstrate a wavelength sensitivity to the temperature is 15.5 pm/ºC with the temperature range from 300ºC to 900ºC, and the correlation coefficient is 0.999. The results prove it is able to provide potential applications in high temperature measurement.     

A novel fiber Bragg grating high-temperature sensor

A novel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor for the measurement of high temperature is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The interrogation system of the sensor system is simple, low cost but effective. The sensor head is comprised of one FBG and two metal rods. The lengths of the rods are different from each other. The coefficients of thermal expansion of the rods are also different from each other. The FBG will be strained by the sensor head when the temperature to be measured changes. The temperature is measured basis of the wavelength shifts of the FBG induced by strain. A dynamic range of 0–800 °C and a resolution of 1 °C have been obtained by the sensor system. The experiment results agree with theoretical analyses.     

基于石墨烯可饱和吸收体的纳秒锁模掺铥光纤激光器

报道了一种基于石墨烯可饱和吸收体的纳秒锁模掺铥光纤激光器.该激光器采用环形腔结构,利用自制的三层石墨烯薄膜作为可饱和吸收体实现锁模.同时在腔内插入一个窄带光纤光栅,约束腔内起振的纵模数,适当调节抽运功率和偏振控制器的角度,得到了重复频率为3.8 MHz、脉宽在3.8—94.3 ns之间灵活可调的2μm纳秒锁模脉冲输出,整个脉宽调节范围超过90 ns.此外,由于获得的兆赫兹纳秒锁模脉冲时间带宽积在49—1119范围内,即存在强烈的啁啾,因而可作为2μm波段啁啾脉冲放大系统中的种子源使用.     

Radio-frequency interrogation of a fiber Bragg grating sensor in the configuration of a fiber laser with external cavities

A fiber laser sensor, which consists of two coupled cavities based on three fiber Bragg gratings (two of them acting as sensing elements) and is interrogated via the longitudinal mode beating frequency, is presented. The two resonant cavities have lengths of 4250 m and 4297 m, respectively. Their beating frequency is of the order of 24 kHz, and its shift as a function of the variation of the period of one (or both) of the sensing gratings, induced by strain or temperature changes, can be measured by a radio-frequency analyzer. The system is suitable for long-distance sensing with high spatial resolution and high sensitivity.     

Switchable multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber lasers by using cascaded fiber Bragg gratings written in high birefringence fiber

A novel and simple Erbium-doped fiber laser by using cascaded fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) written in high-birefringence fibers for switchable multi-wavelength operation is proposed. Due to two-peak reflection with orthogonal polarizations of the FBG, the polarization hole-burning effect in the cavity is greatly enhanced. Experimental results show that the stable dual- and three-wavelength lasing operation with very narrow wavelength separation (0.39 nm) can be generated at room temperature. The configuration is simple and flexible. Only by adjusting polarization controllers (PCs), the laser can be switched among the stable single-, dual- and three-wavelength lasing operations.     

Tunable erbium-doped fiber ring laser for applications of infrared absorption spectroscopy

We fabricate a low noise erbium-doped fiber ring laser that can be continuously tuned over 102 nm by insertion of the fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter (FFP-TF) in the ring cavity with a novel cavity structure and the optimal gain medium length. As an application of this fiber ring laser, we performed the absorption spectroscopy of acetylene (¹³C₂H₂) and hydrogen cyanide (H¹³C¹⁴N) and measure the absorption spectra of more than 50 transition lines of these gases with an excellent signal to noise ratio (SNR). The pressure broadening coefficients of four acetylene transition lines are obtained using this fiber ring laser and an external cavity laser diode.     

Spectral-mismatch-induced resolution limit of interferometric fiber Fabry-Perot sensor system

The mismatch of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in spectral profiles can lead to a severe degraded resolution of the constructed fiber Fabry-Perot (FFP) sensor system through its effect on the fringe visibility. The variation of visibility induced by spectral mismatch and the corresponding phase resolution limit are analyzed theoretically and experimentally. Theoretical analyses are based on the approximation of Gaussian profiles to the reflection spectra of weak FBGs, especially with consideration of side lobes. The investigation provides an insight into the evolution of the fringe visibility caused by spectral mismatch, and shows good agreement with experimental results. An optimum phase resolution of about 55 μrad/Hz^1/2 above 100 Hz is achieved for a nearly 4 m-long FFP sensor by matching spectral profiles of the gratings and balancing path length differences of the tandem interferometers.     

基于体光栅的被动锁模可调谐线型腔掺镱光纤激光器

搭建了基于反射型体光栅和半导体可饱和吸收镜的线型腔全正色散掺镱光纤激光器,室温下实现了稳定的波长可连续调谐的连续被动锁模脉冲输出.重复频率16.42 MHz,锁模脉冲中心波长1030 nm时,脉冲光潜带宽0.32 nm,最大平均输出功率10.2 mW,单脉冲能量0.63 nJ.转动体光栅角度,利用其分光谱和选波长的特性,可使锁模脉冲的中心波长在约1011.9一1050.6 nm的范围内调谐,调谐范围约38.7 nm.实验中亦可观察到调Q锁模、二次谐波锁模、双波长和三波长输出现象.输出单波长锁模脉冲时,由于其波长可调谐的特性,该激光器可用作波分复用/光时分复用通信系统的光源和光学相干层析的调谐光源.     

Tunable multi-wavelength combined linear-cavity fiber laser source with equally changed wavelength spacing

A tunable multi-wavelength combined linear-cavity fiber laser source with equally changed wavelength spacing is proposed for the first time. The wavelength tuning is realized by stretching or compressing the fiber Bragg gratings incorporated in the laser cavity. To ensure a wavelength tuning with equally increased or decreased wavelength spacing, the gratings are mounted onto a plastic plate with angles between adjacent gratings such that the forces applied to the gratings has an equal force increment. A four-wavelength lasing with equal increased or decreased wavelength spacing is achieved experimentally.     

Power-equalized parallel-type pump-shared fiber lasers based on parameter-adjustment

A parallel-type, pump-shared (PTPS) scheme linear-cavity laser array (LCLA) is proposed and numerically studied. Power-equalization of multiwavelength fiber lasers can be achieved by varying the pumping power ratio, length of the erbium-doped fiber or reflectivity of grating reflector for the individual channels. Before and after power-equalization, the maximum power variation among seven equal-spaced channels, ranging from 1530 to 1560 nm, is 5.8 and 0.2 dB, respectively.     

Wideband tunable linear-cavity fiber laser source using strain-induced chirped fiber Bragg grating

A novel wideband tunable linear-cavity fiber laser source using strain-induced chirped fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and erbium–ytterbium co-doped fibers is proposed and demonstrated for the first time. The strain-induced chirped FBG, which acts as a partial-reflecting mirror, is achieved by bending a uniform FBG bonded at a slant onto the lateral surface of a simply supported beam. A single wavelength lasing with a maximum wavelength tuning range of 17 nm has been achieved experimentally.     

Tunable dual-wavelength fiber laser based on a single fiber Bragg grating in a Sagnac loop interferometer

We propose a simple dual-wavelength Er-doped fiber laser configuration based on a dual-wavelength fiber Bragg grating written on the splice joint between two different fibers for wavelength-selective filter in the Sagnac loop interferometer. The wavelength separation between the adjacent lasing wavelengths is 1.12 nm and the side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) is over 55 dB. The output power variation is less than 0.8 dB over a two-minute period. Moreover, the lasing wavelength can be effectively tuned using the thermal heating method.     

Ultrahigh-channel-count fiber Bragg grating based on the triple sampling method

A triple sampling method to have enabled excellent channel uniformity and high in-band energy efficiency is firstly proposed for the design of an ultrahigh-channel-count fiber Bragg grating (FBG), which is based on the simultaneous utilization of two amplitude-assisted phase sampling (AAPS) functions and a phase-only sampling (POS) function. As an example, one linearly chirped FBG with consecutive 1215 channels enabling to cover all fiber telecom bands (O + E + S + C + L + U) is numerically demonstrated, which has a length of 9 cm, a dispersion of − 1360 ps/nm, and a channel spacing of 50 GHz. The maximum index-change required for 10 dB strength of the FBG is less than 6 × 10^− 3.     

Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor based on fiber laser

A study on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensor, based on erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser, is presented. A strain-sensing element, FBG, also acts as the lasing wavelength selecting component. When strain is applied on the FBG, the laser cavity loss changes, leading to a modification of the laser transient. Strain measurements are obtained in the time domain by simply measuring the EDF laser build-up time. Relative variation in the build-up time of up to 190%, for a strain range from 0 με to 2350 με, is achieved with a resolution corresponding to a strain of better than 2.35 με. This study demonstrates a novel fiber sensor concept and the technical feasibility to develop fiber strain measurement.     

Wavelength-switchable erbium-doped fiber ring laser combined with a Fabry-Perot laser diode and a sampled grating

We present a wavelength-switchable erbium-doped fiber ring laser consisting of an anti-reflection coated Fabry-Perot laser diode (FP-LD) and a sampled fiber Bragg grating (SFBG). The wavelength switching is obtained easily by the shift of FP mode with respect to the reflection peaks of the SFBG. The proposed laser apparatus not only simultaneously emits two wavelengths but also switches between the two wavelengths by adjusting the modes of FP-LD with a change of the injection current of the FP-LD as little as ∼1 mA. The proposed wavelength-switchable erbium-doped fiber ring laser exhibits high laser performance with side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) ?50 dB.     

Dynamical power-equalized fiber laser arrays using strain-tunable pump reflectors

By using strain-tunable gratings as pump reflectors for power equalization, both the parallel and serial types, pump-shared linear cavity laser arrays are produced. A 11-channel, parallel type fiber laser arrays are used to simulate the feasibility. After the central reflected wavelengths of these pump reflectors are appropriately adjusted, the maximum power variation among channels is reduced from 7.2- to 0.1 dB and the average output power is nearly 100% increased.     

A novel fiber Bragg grating interrogating sensor system based on AWG demultiplexing

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) interrogating technique based on the relative intensity-demodulating and the demultiplexing of an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) is presented in this paper. The analytical simulation and the experiment validate the feasibility of this setup. Both theoretical and experiment results show that the shift of the Bragg wavelength of the FBG sensors can be precisely interrogated by the relative intensity reading of two-adjacent-channels of the AWG-based demultiplexer. Errors caused by the light source fluctuation and micro-band losses can be reduced with the relative technique. This technique potentially offers a low-cost, compact, and high-performance solution for the interrogation of FBG distributed sensors.     

A simple temperature-insensitive fiber Bragg grating displacement sensor

The study on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) displacement sensor based on monitoring the back-reflected power from an array of novelly embedded FBG sensors is presented. The sensor is a uniform FBG with three sections that are embedded in different layer in a composite lamina. Its bandwidth is displacement dependent and hence its reflected power varies almost linearly with displacement and it is insensitive to temperature variation. Thus, only low-cost photodetector (PD) is required to monitor displacement. This study demonstrates a novel fiber sensor, a method of fabricated the same, and a method to achieve simultaneous multi-sensor measurement.