Radiation Laws of a Kerr Nonlinear Blackbody in a Moving Frame of Reference

A Kerr nonlinear blackbody (KNB) is a new kind of blackbody in which bare photons with opposite wave vectors and helicities are bound into pairs and unpaired photons are transformed into nonpolaritons. In the present paper, the radiation of a KNB is considered from the viewpoint of an observer in arbitrary uniform motion with respect to a rest frame of reference of the radiation. It is found that the radiation laws, which include the distribution of nonpolaritons and so forth, are modified due to the motion. Moreover, under a special condition, we notice that the only effect of the motion is to introduce an angle-dependent directional temperature, which replaces the rest-frame temperature of the cavity. Besides, we try to extend the model of a KNB to the whole Universe and apply the modified radiation laws to the question of 2.7 K cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR).     

Finite-size corrections to the radiation laws of a Kerr nonlinear blackbody

In a Kerr nonlinear blackbody (KNB), bare photons with opposite wave vectors and helicities are bound into pairs and unpaired photons are transformed into nonpolaritons. The nonpolariton system can constitute free thermal radiation in the blackbody. The present paper investigates the radiation of a KNB in a cavity of finite-size. For a given geometry, we obtain explicit expressions of the modified Planck and Stefan-Boltzmann blackbody radiation laws as a function of the temperature, size and shape of the cavity by using semiclassical techniques. Moreover, we discuss these corrections of a spherical KNB and the range of parameters (temperature and size of the cavity) in which these effects are accessible to experimental detection. Finally, we calculate the finite-size corrections (FSCs) under these conditions, and this work may lay the foundation for the experimental verification of a KNB.     

Generalization of the radiation laws of a Kerr nonlinear blackbody

Within the framework of nonextensive statistical mechanics (NSM), we generalize the radiation laws, which include the Planck radiation law and Stefan-Boltzmann law, of a Kerr nonlinear blackbody (KNB) in the normalized form. In order to illustrate the influence of the parameter q on the two generalized radiation laws, we make a numerical calculation of the two laws under appropriate conditions. Furthermore, we make an attempt to extend the theory of KNB to the whole Universe.     

A Revisit to the Generalized Radiation Laws of a Kerr Nonlinear Blackbody

Based on the new development of nonextensive statistical mechanics (NSM), i.e., the so-called “optimal Lagrange multipliers” (OLM)approach, we revisit the generalized radiation laws of a Kerr nonlinear blackbody (KNB) and obtain the analytical expressions of generalized Planck radiation law and Stefan-Boltzmann law. In order to illustrate the influence of the parameter q on the two generalized radiation laws, we make a numerical calculation of the two laws under appropriate conditions. Besides, we restate our hypothesis to extend the theory of KNB to the whole Universe.     

Thermodynamic Properties of an Atom Inside a Kerr Nonlinear Blackbody

Thermodynamic properties of a Kerr nonlinear blackbody (KNB) are investigated. It is found that below a transition temperature T _c , the free energy of a KNB radiation is larger than that in a normal blackbody. At the transition from KNB radiation state to a normal blackbody radiation state, the photon system undergoes a first-order phase transition. The thermodynamic system of an atom interacting with a KNB radiation bath is also investigated by using a thermodynamic perturbation theory. It is found that below a transition temperature T _c , the increment of the free energy of the atom is larger than that in a normal blackbody. Above T _c , the KNB becomes a normal blackbody, and the properties in a KNB turn to be the same as those in normal blackbody radiation.     

Abnormal properties of spontaneous emission in a Kerr nonlinear blackbody

We reexamine the atomic spontaneous decay in a Kerr nonlinear blackbody by contrast with our previous paper [M. Yin, Z. Cheng, Phys. Rev. A 78 (2008) 063829]. In the process of deriving the atomic decay rate, we use the temperature-dependent velocity of photons to take the full nonlinearity of a KNB into account. It is found that below a transition temperature T_c, the atomic spontaneous emission in a KNB might be enhanced or inhibited compared with that in a normal blackbody whose interior is filled with a nonabsorbing linear medium. The physical origin of the enhancement and inhibition of spontaneous emission is also discussed.     

Spectral Energy Density in a Kerr Nonlinear Blackbody

In a Kerr nonlinear blackbody, bare photons with opposite wave vectors and helicities are bound into pairs and unpaired photons are transformed into a new kind of quasiparticle, the nonpolariton. The nonpolariton system constitutes free thermal radiation in the blackbody. The present paper investigates the spectral energy density of the thermal radiation. It is found that the spectral energy density of a Kerr nonlinear blackbody is larger than that of a normal blackbody.     

Spectral Energy Density in a Kerr Nonlinear Blackbody

In a Kerr nonlinear blackbody, bare photons with opposite wave vectors and helicities are bound into pairsand unpaired photons are transformed into a new kind of quasiparticle, the nonpolariton. The nonpolariton system constitutes free thermal radiation in the blackbody. The present paper investigates the spectral energy density of the thermal radiation. It is found that the spectral energy density of a Kerr nonlinear blackbody is larger than that of a normal blackbody.     

Quasiprobability distribution in a Kerr-nonlinear blackbody

In a Kerr-nonlinear blackbody, bare photons with opposite wave vectors and helicities are bound into pairs and unpaired photons are transformed into a new kind of quasiparticle, the nonpolariton. The nonpolariton system constitutes free thermal radiation in the blackbody. In this paper, the quasiprobability (Q function) distribution of thermal radiation is investigated. Non-classical effects of quadrature squeezing have been observed. The structure of nonpolaritons is unsteady and governed by the temperature. The phase space of the photon system is considered and found that in the transition from the normal to the squeezed thermal radiation state, the phase symmetry of the photon system is spontaneously broken.     

Statistical properties of thermal radiation in a Kerr nonlinear blackbody

We study the statistical properties of thermal radiation in a Kerr nonlinear blackbody in which bare photons with opposite wave vectors and helities are bound into pairs and unpaired photons are transformed into a different kind of quasiparticle, the nonpolariton. This paper investigates the statistical properties of the photon blackbody field by using the second-order correlation function, the phase space distribution function, the photon number distribution and the nonclassical depth. The numerical computation and a discussion of the results are present.     

Entanglement properties of atoms in the Kerr-nonlinear blackbody

We study the entanglement properties of two-qubits and multi-qubits interacting with local reservoirs in Kerr-nonlinear blackbody (KNB). Death and birth of the entanglement can be controlled by adjusting the temperature T and the coupling coefficient γ in KNB. For initial entangled states with local thermal reservoirs, we also demonstrate that the system always becomes disentangled for a finite time at finite temperature T. General conditions are derived under which entanglement sudden death (ESD) can be hastened, delayed or averted. Therefore, our results provide a clear clue on how to preserve the entanglement for quantum information processing in a given KNB environments.     

Brillouin scattering and the CMB

Brillouin scattering of photons off the density fluctuations in a fluid is potentially important for cosmology. We derive the Brillouin spectral distortion of blackbody radiation, and discuss the possible implications for the cosmic microwave background. The thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect is slightly modified by Brillouin distortion, but only at very long wavelengths.     

Dynamics of Optical Bistability with Kerr-nonlinear Blackbody Radiation Reservoir

In this paper we investigate the nonlinear dynamics for optical bistabile(OB) model of homogeneously broadened two-level atomic medium interacting with a single mode of the ring cavity in the presence of a Kerr-nonlinear blackbody(KNB) radiation reservoir. We show the impact of the relative temperature of the reservoir on the transition between the dynamical states via bifurcation diagrams that represents the relation between maximum values of the output field and the relative temperature for fixed input field. Specifically, decreasing the relative temperature(T_b)causes the system to bifurcate from periodic to chaotic behavior and in turn reverts back to periodic behavior with further decrease of T_b. Varying atomic detuning leads to a change in the nature of the dynamic transition between the system's states from self pulsing to chaotic behavior.     

On parton distributions in a photon gas

A solution to the problem of parton distributions in a gas of photons with blackbody spectrum is proposed. The cosmic microwave background radiation is considered as a particular case. The survival probability of ultra-high energy neutrinos traveling through this radiation is calculated.     

Compton scattering in ignited thermonuclear plasmas

Inertially confined, ignited thermonuclear D-T plasmas will produce intense blackbody radiation at temperatures T greater, similar20 keV; it is shown that the injection of GeV electrons into the burning core can efficiently generate high-energy Compton scattering photons. Moreover, the spectrum scattered in a small solid angle can be remarkably monochromatic, due to kinematic pileup; a peak brightness in excess of 10;{30} photons/(mm(2) mrad(2) s 0.1% bandwidth) is predicted. These results are discussed within the context of the Schwinger field and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect.     

Influence of a Single Frequency Electromagnetic Wave on Energy Spectrum of Nonpolariton System in a Kerr Nonlinear Blackbody

In a Kerr nonlinear blackbody, bare photons with opposite wave vectors and helieities are bound into pairs and unpaired photons are transformed into a different kind of quasiparticle, the nonpolariton. The present paper investigates the influence of a single frequency electromagnetic wave on the energy spectrum of the nonpolariton system. We find that the wave can lead to an energy shift of nonpolaritons. Moreover, we calculate the first-order energy shift on certain conditions.     

Photo- and thermodesorption of helium on Pt(111)

In a detailed study of thermal desorption of monolayers of both 4He and 3He adsorbed on Pt(111) (binding energy about 9 meV), we have observed photodesorption induced by the blackbody radiation from a room temperature environment. This process proceeds independently of the thermal desorption. Theoretical treatments of both thermal and photodesorption are given and agree very well with the data in all important aspects. We conclude that the photodesorption is due to direct coupling of photons to the adsorbate.     

Threshold laws in delayed emission: an experimental approach

Delayed emission is a common decay process for very excited complex systems where the excitation energy is, to a large extent, statistically distributed over all accessible degrees of freedom. A rich variety of delayed decay processes is found in complex molecules and clusters such as thermionic emission, evaporation of heavy fragments or blackbody radiation. In this article, we present the general threshold laws that govern the kinetic energy spectrum of matter particles (electrons or fragments) ejected from spherically symmetric species in such processes, and we illustrate these laws by experimental results obtained in photoelectron and photoion spectroscopy. Deviations from simple laws for non spherical species are also evidenced.     

Blackbody radiation functions and polylogarithms

A new method based on the polylogarithm function is used to derive an exact expression for the fractional emissive power of a blackbody in any arbitrary spectral band. Compared to all previously used methods the polylogarithm based method is unsurpassed in its simplicity. Displacement laws for the centroid of blackbody radiation in the linear wavelength and frequency spectral representations that make use of the polylogarithm based approach are also given.     

基于MATLAB的黑体辐射量计算

介绍了黑体辐射理论,利用MATLAB求解了普朗克黑体辐射公式在有界域λ1～λ2内的积分,通过实例对梯形法和辛普森法两种数值积分方法进行了分析和比较。并在此基础上对距黑体一定距离处探测器表面的辐照度值E进行了研究。通过分析可知,利用梯形法和辛普森法能够方便求出黑体在有界域内的辐出度值。此外,利用MATLAB编制的相应的计算界面,能够实现辐出度和辐照度的快速计算。