Absorption enhancement of 980 nm MSM photodetector with a plasmonic grating structure

We present finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation to analyze the optical absorption enhancement of metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors employing plasmonic grating structures. Simulation results show that the combination of a subwavelength aperture and a nano-structured metal grating results in up to 16 times enhancement in optical absorption, in comparison to conventional MSM photodetector structures employing only a subwavelength aperture.     

Fabrication of dual brightness enhancement structures on light guide plates using UV roll-to-plate imprinting lithography

We proposed a roll-to-plate UV imprinting lithography (RPIL) process for fabricating dual brightness enhancement structures on light guide plates (LGPs). The refractive indices of the UV resin for layers imprinted on the LGP were investigated through computer-aid optical analysis and experiments. The refractive indices of the resins ranged from 1.49 to 1.69, and flat films such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films used by the media layer have better on-axis luminous intensity enhancement rate rates. Using the proposed process, several vertical prismatic structures on the LGP achieved a formability rate of 97% respectively, and the luminous intensity enhancement rate exceeded 2.1, which is almost the same as that of 3M's dual-prism film. This study demonstrates the potential of our proposed process for fabricating multi-layer of microstructures on the LGP.     

Approaches to enhance UV light emission in ZnO nanomaterials

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has been regarded as one of the most promising candidate for efficient UV light emitted devices owing to its unique optical properties, such as direct wide band-gap and a large exciton binding energy. In many optoelectronical applications, reducing the size of the semiconductor down to nanometer scale is necessary. However, in ZnO nanostructures the UV emission can be drastically weakened owing to high surface-to-volume ratio, crystal imperfections, or unintentional defects. These factors induce competitive processes to the near-band-edge (NBE) excitonic recombination in the UV region, including defect-related radiative recombination, resulted in the emission in the visible part of the spectrum, or other quenching processes, resulted in dissipation of excitation energy in the form of non-radiative recombination. Therefore, for future applications a strategy is needed to limit the quenching processes and to optimize the NBE emission of the ZnO nanomaterials. In this review article, the most effective approaches to achieve this goal are summarized and discussed.     

Sensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance sensor using continuous film metallic gratings

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on continuous film metallic gratings is numerically investigated for enhance sensitivity. The results calculated by rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) present that interplays between localized surface plasmons and surface plasmons polaritons contribute to sensitivity enhancement. The sensitivity enhancement factor (SEF), which represents the influence of metallic grating, increased as the grating period decreased. In addition, several reflection dips can be achieved as the period of metallic grating increased. By double-dips method, the sensitivity SPR sensor based on continuous film grating-based is improved into 153.23°/RIU, which is more sensitive than conventional thin film-based SPR sensor in the same condition. The SPR sensor based on continuous film metallic gratings exhibits good linearity.     

Band gap opening and optical absorption enhancement in graphene using ZnO nanocluster

Electronic, optical and transport properties of the graphene/ZnO heterostructure have been explored using first-principles density functional theory. The results show that Zn₁₂O₁₂ can open a band gap of 14.5 meV in graphene, increase its optical absorption by 1.67 times covering the visible spectrum which extends to the infra-red (IR) range, and exhibits a slight non-linear I–V characteristic depending on the applied bias. These findings envisage that a graphene/Zn₁₂O₁₂ heterostructure can be appropriate for energy harvesting, photodetection, and photochemical devices.     

Optimization of Si solar cells with full band optical absorption increased in all polarizations using plasmonic backcontact grating

We present a numerical study on the optimization of plasmonic thin-film solar cells with full band optical absorption increased in all polarization using plasmonic backcontact gratings. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) are combined to achieve the maximum absorption enhancement. Through optimization, we obtained approximately a 288% average absorption enhancement, 304% and 273% absorption enhancement for TE- and TM-polarized illumination as compared to a bare cell. The corresponding optimal design parameters of plasmonic solar cell are P = 442 nm, h₄ = 283 nm, h₅ = 191 nm and w=238$w=238$ nm. The full band absorption enhancement arises from the waveguide-plasmon-polariton, Fabry–Pérot (FP) cavity mode and multiresonant guided modes. The average absorption enhancement under an unpolarized illumination is almost immune to the incident angle ranging from −40° to 40°. If the thickness of the light absorbing layer is increased, the absorption enhancement could be reduced significantly. And the average absorption enhancement is maximum (2.88) when the thickness of Si layer is 100 nm.     

Light transmission and local field enhancement in arrays of silver nanocylinders

Vertical silver nanocylinders have been fabricated by two-photon microfabrication technique. The three-dimensional propagation of visible light along and between the nanocylinders has been characterized by wide-field transmission microscopy. Transmission spectra were collected with a fiber coupled spectrometer and optical images were taken with a camera using an inverted microscope. Intensity enhancements occur along the nanocylinders surfaces for wavelengths in the visible range. Finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results. The electromagnetic field enhancement was evaluated, in order to analyze the suitability of the studied structures for sensing applications.     

Analysis of coupling in the semi-cylindrical surface plasmonic couplers

In this paper, we have investigated the performance of a nano-optical directional coupler based on gap plasmon waveguides. The coupler consists of two waveguides having a localized coupled plasmon propagating between two semi-cylindrical surfaces. It is clear that the wave number and correspondingly light confinement in the waveguides are the most effective parameters in coupling strength and coupling length. Some expected and unexpected dependencies of the coupling length on the structure parameters are shown. Simulation results of the coupler obtained by the compact-2D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method comply with those derived by an analytic method with the aid of the finite-element frequency-domain (FEFD) software package of COMSOL. The considered structures, because of their small coupling length and dimensions are appropriate for use in optical integrated circuits.     

Internal quantum efficiency enhancement of silicon nanocrystals using double layer Au-rich cermet films

To improve the internal quantum efficiency of silicon nanocrystals, a double layer structure with Au-rich cermet is proposed. In the region far below surface plasmon resonance energy, effective enhancement can be still obtained, which indicates means to make surface plasmon mediated enhancement efficient in a wide wavelength region especially for long wavelength.     

外部光注入空间耦合半导体激光器高维混沌系统的增频与控制研究

提出外部光注入空间耦合半导体激光器系统,研究 外部光注入两激光器混沌振荡频率增强以及混沌控制等特点, 给出稳定频率失谐公式.研究表明,当单激光器注入时,注入激光器 呈现出三个混沌扩频区域;发现在强激光注入条件下,随着注入程度的 增加,注入激光器混沌振荡频率增强非常有效且可达到 3.5倍以上(尽管另一个激光器频率会缓慢下降); 随着注入光正频率失谐的增加,两激光器混沌振荡都能进一步增 强;发现混沌控制窗口,即在弱注入条件下两激光器可以被控制到单周 期、双周期、四周期、六周期等.当双激光器注入时,随着注入程度 的增加,两激光器混沌振荡频率 进一步增加, 且可达到3.5倍和2.65倍以上; 随着注入光正频率失谐增加, 两激光器混沌振荡频率增加.双激光器注 入控制混沌的一个窗口也被发现:即在强注入条件下两激光器可以被 控制到单周期、三周期、六周期等.最后详细给出了单激光注入系 统从单周期模式锁定到类周期再进入混沌增频的发展路径以及双 激光注入系统从混沌到类周期再进入单周期模式锁定的演化控制路径等.     

利用空间光调制器的偏振特性实现图像边缘增强

讨论了光电混合型范德卢格特相关器中起偏器和检偏器对场景空间光调制器的影响。提出了一种通过设置起偏器和检偏器相对于场景空间光调制器入射表面液晶指向矢方向的角度来实现图像边缘增强的预处理方法。通过对XGA2L11型电寻址薄膜晶体管驱动透射式液晶空间光调制器的实验测试表明,该方法减少了计算机图像预处理的运算量,有效地提高了目标识别的速度,实现了场景图像边缘增强的实时预处理。     

Tuning the absorption band in the THz range of YBCO films patterned by means of HEHI lithography

High energy heavy ion lithography was used for modulating through implanted nanostructures the local structural and electrical properties of high temperature superconducting YBa₂Cu₃O₇ films. The controlled reduction of the critical temperature of irradiated films results in a localization into heavy ion patterned micro-regions of the electrical dissipation, viable in a given temperature range and driven by ion fluence, bias current and applied magnetic field. The measurement of the response of such nanostructured YBCO films to electromagnetic radiation in the infrared band (MIR–FIR region) is presented. It turns out that the ion induced structural modification of both superconducting film and substrate is actually enabling the infrared optical absorption of YBCO, so that the viability of low noise THz detection above the liquid nitrogen temperature is shown.     

TiO2光学间隔层增强聚合物太阳能电池光吸收的分析

基于共轭聚合物给体材料聚3-己基噻吩（P3HT）和富勒烯衍生物受体材料（6,6）-苯基-C61（PCBM）共混的体异质结结构的聚合物太阳能电池因其空穴载流子迁移率低而限制了P3HT:PCBM功能层厚度,从而影响了器件对入射光的吸收、在聚合物功能层和反射电极间插入TiO₂光学间隔层可以使器件内电场重新分布并改善器件的光吸收.基于薄膜传递矩阵法计算了不同的P3HT:PCBM功能层厚度和TiO₂插入层厚度的器件内光电场和光吸收.理论分析证明:器件结构为铟锡氧化物（ITO）（100 nm）/聚3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩/聚苯乙烯磺酸盐PEDOT:PSS（40 nm）/P3HT:PCBM/TiO₂/LiF（1 nm）/Al（120 nm）时,插入10 nm厚的TiO₂膜层可以使器件的聚合物功能层厚度在减薄25 nm的同时增加16.3%的光子吸收数,并且不明显降低功能层的激子分离概率,即功能层和TiO₂光学间隔层厚度分别约为75和10 nm时的器件性能为宜,此结果通过器件性能实验得以证实.     

大气气溶胶粒子光吸收系数的测量

 采用核孔过滤膜累积气溶胶粒子的方法设计了气溶胶粒子光吸收系数的测量系统。该系统由双光路组成,可以减小光路损耗和电路噪声带来的各种测量误差。同时，具有体积小、光路易于调节、可进行实时测量、定标容易等特点。用200和400nm孔径的过滤膜，分别测量了实验室内大气气溶胶粒子对不同波长激光的吸收系数。随着累积时间的增加，系统的测量精度也不断的提高，在累积时间为900s时，系统测量误差为9.849×10^-6/m。     

Design of periodic metal-insulator-metal waveguide back structures for the enhancement of light absorption in thin-film solar cells

To increase the absorption in a thin layer of absorbing material (amorphous silicon, a-Si), a light trapping design is presented. The designed structure incorporates periodic metal-insulator-metal waveguides to enhance the optical path length of light within the solar cells. The new design can result in broadband optical absorption enhancement not only for transverse magnetic (TM)-polarized light, but also for transverse electric (TE)-polarized light. No plasmonic modes can be excited in TE-polarization, but because of the coupling into the a-Si planar waveguide guiding modes and the diffraction of light by the bottom periodic structures into higher diffraction orders, the total absorption in the active region is also increased. The results from rigorous coupled wave analysis show that the overall optical absorption in the active layer can be greatly enhanced by up to 40%. The designed structures presented in this paper can be integrated with back contact technology to potentially produce high-efficiency thin-film solar cell devices.     

氨水降膜吸收传热传质强化的研究进展

综述了近年来应用于氨水降膜吸收性能强化的研究成果,总结了氨水降膜吸收的强化方法,分析了氨水降膜吸收过程中的影响因素,指出研究中的一些不足,并对该领域未来的研究方向进行了讨论,指出采用物理处理、化学处理和纳米技术三种强化手段相结合的方法是未来强化吸收可能的发展趋势。     

Al纳米颗粒增强微晶硅薄膜太阳电池光吸收的模拟研究

利用价格低廉、性能优良的金属纳米颗粒增强太阳电池的光吸收具有广阔的应用前景. 通过建立三维数值模型, 模拟了微晶硅薄膜电池前表面周期性分布的Al纳米颗粒阵列对电池光吸收的影响, 并对其结构参数进行了优化. 模拟结果表明: 对于球状Al纳米颗粒阵列, 影响电池光吸收的关键参数是周期P与半径R的比值, 或者说是颗粒的表面覆盖度; 当P/R=4–5时, 总的光吸收较参考电池提高可达20%. 与球状颗粒相比, 优化后的半球状Al纳米颗粒阵列可获得更好的陷光效果, 但后者对颗粒半径R的变化较敏感. 另外, 结合电场分布, 对电池光吸收增强的物理机理进行了分析.     

小波分析与因子分析对吸收光谱去噪性能比较的初步观察

本文就因子分析和小波分析对吸收光谱的去噪能力进行了比较,并考察了此两种技术的不同联合方式的去噪功能,获得了一些初步的结果。     

Sensitivity enhancement using paramagnetic relaxation in MAS solid-state NMR of perdeuterated proteins

Previously, Ishii et al., could show that chelated paramagnetic ions can be employed to significantly decrease the recycle delay of a MAS solid-state NMR experiment [N.P. Wickramasinghe, M. Kotecha, A. Samoson, J. Past, Y. Ishii, Sensitivity enhancement in C-13 solid-state NMR of protein microcrystals by use of paramagnetic metal ions for optimizing H-1 T-1 relaxation, J. Magn. Reson. 184 (2007) 350-356]. Application of the method is limited to very robust samples, for which sample stability is not compromised by RF induced heating. In addition, probe integrity might be perturbed in standard MAS PRE experiments due to the use of very short duty cycles. We show that these deleterious effects can be avoided if perdeuterated proteins are employed that have been re-crystallized from D(2)O:H(2)O=9:1 containing buffer solutions. The experiments are demonstrated using the SH3 domain of chicken alpha-spectrin as a model system. The labeling scheme allows to record proton detected (1)H, (15)N correlation spectra with very high resolution in the absence of heteronuclear dipolar decoupling. Cu-edta as a doping reagent yields a reduction of the recycle delay by up to a factor of 15. In particular, we find that the (1)H T(1) for the bulk H(N) magnetization is reduced from 4.4s to 0.3s if the Cu-edta concentration is increased from 0mM to 250 mM. Possible perturbations like chemical shift changes or line broadening due to the paramagnetic chelate complex are minimal. No degradation of our samples was observed in the course of the experiments.     

Analysis of the electric field behavior in the vicinity of a triple junction,using finite elements method computational simulations

The authors studied the electric field behavior in the vicinity of a triple junction, composed by metal, vacuum and dielectric parts, using computational simulations. A bi-dimensional model was constructed using ANSYS MAXWELL to analyze the magnitude of the electric field as a function of the contact angles of the materials. The results showed that a field enhancement or reduction could occur in vacuum for certain contact angles. The influence of the dielectric permittivity was also investigated, and the conclusions showed that the maximum electric field enhancement is proportional to the dielectric permittivity.