Optical color image hiding scheme by using Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm in fractional Fourier domain

We proposed an optical color image hiding algorithm based on Gerchberg–Saxton retrieval algorithm in fractional Fourier domain. The RGB components of the color image are converted into a scrambled image by using 3D Arnold transform before the hiding operation simultaneously and these changed images are regarded as the amplitude of fractional Fourier spectrum. Subsequently the unknown phase functions in fractional Fourier domain are calculated by the retrieval algorithm, in which the host RBG components are the part of amplitude of the input functions. The 3D Arnold transform is performed with different parameters to enhance the security of the hiding and extracting algorithm. Some numerical simulations are made to test the validity and capability of the proposed color hiding encryption algorithm.     

Color image encryption by using Arnold transform and color-blend operation in discrete cosine transform domains

A color image encryption algorithm is designed by use of Arnold transform and discrete cosine transform (DCT). The RGB components of the color image are scrambled by Arnold transform at the aspect of pixel sequence. The scrambled RGB components are exchanged and mixed randomly under the control of a matrix defined by random angle. DCT is employed for changing the pixel values of color image. In this encryption scheme the operations mentioned above are performed twice continuously. The parameters of Arnold transform and the random angle serve as the key of the color image encryption method. Some numerical simulations are made to test the validity and capability of the color encryption algorithm.     

Triple color images encryption algorithm based on scrambling and the reality-preserving fractional discrete cosine transform

An image encryption algorithm to secure three color images simultaneously by combining scrambling with the reality-preserving fractional discrete cosine transform (RPFrDCT) is proposed. The three color images to be encrypted are converted to their indexed formats by extracting their color maps, which can be considered as the three components of a color image. These three components are affected each other by scrambling the interims obtained from vertically and horizontally combining the three indexed formats with the help of the chaos-based cyclic shift. The three scrambled components are separately transformed with the RPFrDCT, in which the generating sequences are determined by the Chirikov standard chaotic map. Arnold transform is used to further enhance the security. Due to the inherent properties of the chaotic maps, the cipher keys are highly sensitive. Additionally, the cipher image is a single color image instead of three color ones, and is convenient for display, storage and transmission due to the reality property of RPFrDCT. Numerical simulations are performed to show the validity of the proposed algorithm.     

Color component marking and convolution-based encoding for polychromatic pattern recognition

A novel method for polychromatic pattern recognition is proposed based on color component marking and convolution-based encoding. Three random phase functions are first chosen as marks to multiply with the three color components of the input images. Then the three marked color components are combined into one image using convolution-based encoding. Finally, the combined images are served as the input images of the JTC to be recognized. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are demonstrated by numerical results.     

Integral color rainbow hologram based on computer image processing

A new method for obtaining color rainbow holograms of 3D scenes using single wavelength laser is proposed and implemented by combining integral photography, computer graphics and rainbow holography. In the method, three integral photography (IP) images whose colors correspond to three primary colors are calculated by simulating integral photography, and exported on the film. By illuminating the IP images with diffused coherent beam from the opposite side, three images of the 3D scene are reproduced and overlapped on a particular image plane by the three linear micro-lens arrays. The linear micro-lens arrays can be regarded as the slits. A color rainbow hologram can be created after a single exposure by interfering the reproduced 3D images and the reference beam. Furthermore, we demonstrate experimentally the new method for a simple case and the results can be generalized in integral photography.     

A novel color image encryption scheme using alternate chaotic mapping structure

This paper proposes an color image encryption algorithm using alternate chaotic mapping structure. Initially, we use the R, G and B components to form a matrix. Then one-dimension logistic and two-dimension logistic mapping is used to generate a chaotic matrix, then iterate two chaotic mappings alternately to permute the matrix. For every iteration, XOR operation is adopted to encrypt plain-image matrix, then make further transformation to diffuse the matrix. At last, the encrypted color image is obtained from the confused matrix. Theoretical analysis and experimental results has proved the cryptosystem is secure and practical, and it is suitable for encrypting color images.     

Optical color image encryption based on Arnold transform and interference method

In this paper, we propose a novel method to encrypt a color image based on Arnold transform (ART) and interference method. A color image is decomposed into three independent channels, i.e., red, green and blue, and each channel is then encrypted into two random phase masks based on the ART and interference method. Light sources with corresponding wavelengths are used to illuminate the retrieved phase-only masks during image decryption. The influence of security parameters on decrypted images is also analyzed. Numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于BP神经网络的复杂彩色图像文本定位

针对复杂彩色图像中文本的特征,提出了基于小波变换和BP神经网络甄别文本区域的算法.该算法首先利用文本块的边缘特征遴选出备选图像块,而后采用小波变换提取备选图像块的纹理特征,把这些纹理特征参量连同图像块的颜色特征和笔画特征参量输入训练好的BP神经网络,判断备选图像块是否包含文本.该方法运算简单,定位时间短.采用专用的文本定位比赛用图进行实验的结果表明,定位准确率可达到92%,召回率为87.4%.     

Color image encryption and decryption for twin images in fractional Fourier domain

We propose a method for the encryption of twin color images using fractional Fourier transform (FRT). The color images to be encrypted are converted into the indexed image formats before being processed through twin image encryption algorithm based on the FRT. The proposed algorithm uses one random code in the image domain and one random phase code in the FRT domain to perform double image encryption. The conversion of both the input RGB images into their indexed formats facilitates single-channel processing for each image, and is more compact and robust as compared to multichannel techniques. Different fractional orders, the random masks in image- and FRT domain are the keys to enhance the security of the proposed system. The algorithms to implement the proposed encryption and decryption schemes are discussed, and results of digital simulation are presented. We examine sensitivity of the proposed scheme against the use of unauthorized keys (e.g. incorrect fractional orders, incorrect random phase mask etc.). Robustness of the method against occlusion and noise has also been discussed.     

基于BP神经网络的复杂彩色图像文本定位*

针对复杂彩色图像中文本的特征,提出了基于小波变换和BP神经网络甄别文本区域的算法.该算法首先利用文本块的边缘特征遴选出备选图像块,而后采用小波变换提取备选图像块的纹理特征,把这些纹理特征参量连同图像块的颜色特征和笔画特征参量输入训练好的BP神经网络,判断备选图像块是否包含文本.该方法运算简单,定位时间短.采用专用的文本定位比赛用图进行实验的结果表明,定位准确率可达到92％,召回率为87.4%.     

Single-channel color image encryption using phase retrieve algorithm in fractional Fourier domain

A single-channel color image encryption is proposed based on a phase retrieve algorithm and a two-coupled logistic map. Firstly, a gray scale image is constituted with three channels of the color image, and then permuted by a sequence of chaotic pairs generated by the two-coupled logistic map. Secondly, the permutation image is decomposed into three new components, where each component is encoded into a phase-only function in the fractional Fourier domain with a phase retrieve algorithm that is proposed based on the iterative fractional Fourier transform. Finally, an interim image is formed by the combination of these phase-only functions and encrypted into the final gray scale ciphertext with stationary white noise distribution by using chaotic diffusion, which has camouflage property to some extent. In the process of encryption and decryption, chaotic permutation and diffusion makes the resultant image nonlinear and disorder both in spatial domain and frequency domain, and the proposed phase iterative algorithm has faster convergent speed. Additionally, the encryption scheme enlarges the key space of the cryptosystem. Simulation results and security analysis verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this method.     

Phase image encryption in the fractional Hartley domain using Arnold transform and singular value decomposition

A novel scheme for image encryption of phase images is proposed, using fractional Hartley transform followed by Arnold transform and singular value decomposition in the frequency domain. Since the plaintext is a phase image, the mask used in the spatial domain is a random amplitude mask. The proposed scheme has been validated for grayscale images and is sensitive to the encryption parameters such as the order of the Arnold transform and the fractional orders of the Hartley transform. We have also evaluated the scheme's resistance to the well-known noise and occlusion attacks.     

Optical hyperspectral data encryption in spectrum domain by using 3D Arnold and gyrator transforms

In this letter, a hyperspectral image encryption algorithm based on 3D Arnold transform and gyrator transform in spectrum domain is proposed. First, the original hyperspectral cube will be scrambled by 3D Arnold transform in the spatial domain. Subsequently, the obtained intermediate data are converted into spectrum domain to create a new spectral image. This new spectral image is decomposed into numerous single pieces and encoded using gyrator transform. The corresponding decrypted hyperspectral cube can be recovered by performing along the reverse direction of the encryption process. Some numerical simulations have been performed to verify the validity and capability of the proposed hyperspectral encryption algorithm.     

A Novel Image Encryption Algorithm Based on Improved Arnold Transform and Chaotic Pulse-Coupled Neural Network

Information security has become a focal topic in the information and digital age. How to realize secure transmission and the secure storage of image data is a major research focus of information security. Aiming at this hot topic, in order to improve the security of image data transmission, this paper proposes an image encryption algorithm based on improved Arnold transform and a chaotic pulse-coupled neural network. Firstly, the oscillatory reset voltage is introduced into the uncoupled impulse neural network, which makes the uncoupled impulse neural network exhibit chaotic characteristics. The chaotic sequence is generated by multiple iterations of the chaotic pulse-coupled neural network, and then the image is pre-encrypted by XOR operation with the generated chaotic sequence. Secondly, using the improved Arnold transform, the pre-encrypted image is scrambled to further improve the scrambling degree and encryption effect of the pre-encrypted image so as to obtain the final ciphertext image. Finally, the security analysis and experimental simulation of the encrypted image are carried out. The results of quantitative evaluation show that the proposed algorithm has a better encryption effect than the partial encryption algorithm. The algorithm is highly sensitive to keys and plaintexts, has a large key space, and can effectively resist differential attacks and attacks such as noise and clipping.     

Multiple-image encryption by two-step phase-shifting interferometry and spatial multiplexing of smooth compressed signal

A multiple-image encryption method based on two-step phase-shifting interferometry(PSI) and spatial multiplexing of a smooth compressed signal is proposed. In the encoding and encryption process, with the help of four index matrices to store original pixel positions, all the pixels of four secret images are firstly reordered in an ascending order; then, the four reordered images are transformed by five-order Haar wavelet transform and performed sparseness operation. After Arnold transform and pixels sampling operation, one combined image can be grouped with the aid of compressive sensing(CS)and spatial multiplexing techniques. Finally, putting the combined image at the input plane of the PSI encryption scheme,only two interferograms ciphertexts can be obtained. During the decoding and decryption, utilizing all the secret key groups and index matrices keys, all the original secret images can be successfully decrypted by a wave-front retrieval algorithm of two-step PSI, spatial de-multiplexing, inverse Arnold transform, inverse discrete wavelet transform, and pixels reordering operation.     

3D color reconstruction based on underwater RGB laser line scanning system

Laser line scanning (LLS) as an optical 3D survey method is recently used for underwater 3D imaging. This paper presents an approach for both 3D reconstruction and color restoration based on the LLS system. The system is set up with RGB laser scanning components for acquiring 3D data and color data at the same time. Direct calibration algorithms and RGB additive color model are involved for processing 3D color data. The experiment result shows that underwater targets can be feasibly 3D reconstructed with color texture simultaneously, at millimeter scales.     

Double image encryption by using Arnold transform and discrete fractional angular transform

Based on Arnold transform and discrete fractional angular transform, a double image encryption algorithm is designed. Two original images are regarded as the amplitude and phase of a complex function. Arnold transform is introduced for scrambling the pixels at a local area of the complex function. Subsequently the changed complex function is converted by discrete fractional angular transform. The operations mentioned will be performed many times. The amplitude of final output complex function is the encrypted image and its phase is regarded as the key of encryption algorithm. The parameters of the two transforms serve as the additional keys for enhancing the security. Some numerical simulations have been done to validate the performance of this encryption scheme.     

基于光源相对光谱功率分布的颜色真值获取方法

嫦娥三号全景相机具有彩色成像模式,在发射前需先进行彩色定标,样本真值的获取是彩色定标的前提。传统方法获取的颜色真值在色差值和视觉感知上都与实际值存在明显的偏差。若直接采用该颜色值作为真值进行彩色定标,影响定标后的色差大小和定标校正后颜色的人眼视觉感知效果。为探索更好的颜色真值获取方法,利用实验室内测得的D65定标光源的相对光谱功率分布,重新定义了转换矩阵中的白点坐标,然后基于CIE颜色计算公式,根据格拉斯曼颜色混合定律,对XYZ与sRGB颜色空间之间的转换矩阵进行了修正,提高了样本真值获取的准确度。另外利用修正后的转换矩阵对sRGB空间的三刺激值曲线进行了重新计算,对标准转换值偏离实际值的原因进行了分析。通过地面试验验证,相对于传统样本真值获取方法,利用该真值获取方法定标后A,B两相机的色差值分别降低了0.8和0.73;定标矩阵校正在轨图像时,色差分别降低了26.50%和34.47%,且校正后的颜色与人眼的视觉感知效果更接近。     

Computer-generated kinoforms of real-existing full-color 3D objects using pure-phase look-up-table method

A computational method based on pure-phase look-up-table (LUT) is proposed for generating kinoforms of full-color real-existing three-dimensional (3D) objects. The principle of the pure-phase LUT method is described. 3D depth as well as color information of a full-color 3D object is obtained by the full-color 3D profile measurement approach based on binocular vision. The obtained full-color 3D data is decomposed into red (R), green (G), and blue (B) channels, and kinoforms of each channel are calculated from the depth map and color information of the corresponding channel using the pure-phase LUT method. In order to reduce the speckle noise of reconstructed full-color 3D image, sequential kinoforms of each color channel are generated by adding dynamic-pseudorandom phase factor into the object domain. Numerical reconstruction and optical reconstruction with a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) show that, with the proposed method, full-color holographic 3D display of real-existing full-color 3D objects is available.     

A robust security framework for 3D images

Abstract  

Three-dimensional (3D) visualization of spatial and non-spatial data is a well-established practice having numerous applications. The cheapest and the most efficient way to 3D visualization is 3D images/Anaglyphs. 3D images contain 3D information of the objects present in the image. These images are easily obtained by superimposing left and right eye images in different color in a single image. In this paper, a novel security framework, viz., watermarking scheme, is presented to ensure their security. The proposed security framework is employed in fractional Fourier transform domain of secret color channel followed by the embedding using singular value decomposition. The secret channels (SEC) are obtained by applying reversible integer transform on the RGB channels. The experimental results prove the robustness and imperceptibility of the proposed watermarking scheme.