靶源位置对强场高次谐波相位匹配的影响

为提高强激光场与惰性气体靶作用产生的孤立阿秒激光脉冲的能量,给出了一种实现高次谐波过程中最佳谐波相位匹配的定量实验方法。研究了气体靶源与高斯型驱动激光场聚焦点相对空间位置对谐波相位匹配及谐波产率的影响,得出了其最佳相位匹配位置始终位于驱动激光场聚焦点后3~5 mm,而在聚焦点之前的位置区域,严重的高次谐波相位失配导致谐波产率非常低。同时,在最佳相位匹配条件下,高次谐波场与驱动场具有相类似的空间强度分布特性,该结果印证了目前通常采用的高次谐波场为高斯光束的假设。     

Second harmonic generation in layered TunS2 in the vicinity of the low-temperature phase transitions

Second-harmonic generation in the ternary layered semiconductor TlInS₂ excited with the wavelength λ = 1.06 μm of YAG: Nd^{3 +} laser is investigated in the temperature range corresponding to the low-temperature phase transitions. It is shown that the intensity of the second-harmonic signal corresponding to the non-linear coefficients d_eff, d₂₁, d₂₂ reveals peculiarities close to the commensurate-incommensurate phase transitions. The temperature hysteresis of the second-harmonic signal in the low-temperature region (below and close to T_i2 = 206K) is explained assuming that an incomplete lock-in transition in TlInS₂ takes place at T_c1 =204K within the temperature range between a ferroelectric (T_c2 = 201K) and an incommensurate (T_i2 = 206 K) phases. It is shown that the monoclinic point group symmetry C₂ is preserved also at temperatures lower than the phase transition temperature Tc4 = 79K to a weak ferroelectric state.     

Broadband second harmonic generation in a tapered isotropic semiconductor slab using total internal reflection quasi phase matching

This paper analytically describes the concept of enhancing the bandwidth of second-harmonic generation in the mid-infrared region in an isotropic tapered semiconductor slab configuration. In this slab geometry, the lengths between successive reflection points due to total internal reflection of the incident laser radiation increase when it propagates through the slab. A computer aided simulation has been carried out to determine the possibility of generating broadband second harmonic intensity for broadband fundamental laser radiations as they are allowed to undergo total internal reflection inside the tapered isotropic semiconductor crystal slab made of either gallium arsenide (GaAs) or zinc selenide (ZnSe). The simulated results indicate wide 3 dB bandwidths of 187 nm and 196 nm in a 30 mm long tapered slab of GaAs and ZnSe respectively. The conversion efficiency, after considering the absorption and reflection losses, is quite satisfactory (≈ 1%). The effects of variations in temperature, incident angle of the fundamental laser radiations at the air-slab interface, length and tapering angle of the semiconductor slab have been studied for generated second harmonic radiations in both GaAs and ZnSe crystals. Optimising these parameters a wider broadband frequency converter with appreciable conversion efficiency can be designed.     

相位失配法实现倍频稳定输出的模拟分析

 对BBO晶体Ⅰ类相位匹配倍频过程和KTP晶体XY平面内的Ⅱ类相位匹配倍频过程进行数值模拟,结果表明：Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类相位匹配倍频过程,都可通过引入适量的相位失配量实现稳定倍频输出;随着相位失配量的增大,实现稳定倍频输出所需的晶体长度都变小,倍频稳定输出起伏变小,倍频转换效率有不同程度的下降;相对于XY平面内的Ⅱ类相位匹配倍频过程,BBO晶体的Ⅰ类相位匹配倍频过程对相位匹配偏离角更敏感,且稳定输出时倍频转换效率更低。     

Broadband second harmonic generation of an optical frequency comb produced by four-wave mixing in highly nonlinear fibers

We demonstrate broadband second harmonic generation of low-energy pulses produced by injecting two single-frequency lasers into a highly nonlinear fiber. Full nonlinear conversion of the corresponding spectra, consisting of broadband (∼200 nm) optical frequency combs at ∼1580 nm, were obtained by using conventional birefringence phase-matching in two BIBO crystals (2-mm and 100-μm long) with a normal incidence configuration. The crystals were not tilted and the pulses were not compressed. This broadband conversion results from the large phase-matching bandwidth of the nonlinear BIBO crystals at ∼1550 nm, but also seems to be a consequence of a fundamental comb with small spectral phase variation.     

Thermal effects observable during quasi-phasematched second harmonic generation in periodically poled crystal fibres

The impact of transient and steady-state thermal effects on the conversion efficiency of quasi-phasematched second harmonic generation in periodically poled LiNbO₃ fibres is discussed. The response time and wavelength variation of the quasi-phasematching condition depend on the thermal conductivity of the fibre, its enclosure and the thermal coefficient of the crystal’s refractive index.     

Off-centre impurity-related nonlinear optical absorption,second and third harmonic generation in a two-dimensional quantum ring under magnetic field

Abstract

The effects of an off-centre donor impurity on the non-linear optical absorption, second and third harmonic generation in a GaAs two-dimensional disc-shaped quantum ring under magnetic field are investigated within the compact density-matrix formalism and the effective mass approximation. The results reveal that: (i) the absorption spectra extend on larger energy intervals at the increment of the magnetic field; (ii) the possibility of generating second harmonic response from the system is demonstrated for an impurity placed on the repulsive part of the confining potential; (iii) both second harmonic and third harmonic coefficients are one order of magnitude larger for an impurity placed on the repulsive part of the potential and are blue-shifted by the increment of the magnetic field regardless the impurity position.     

Parameters for efficient growth of second harmonic field in nonlinear photonic crystals

The ultrashort pulse propagation and nonlinear second harmonic generation under the undepleted pump approximation in a quadratic nonlinear photonic crystal (NPC) structure is theoretically investigated and the optimized parameters for high second harmonic generation conversion efficiency are extracted. The transfer matrix method is used for the numerical formulation for oblique angle of incidence. A unique set of material combination GaInP/InAlP is selected as alternating nonlinear and linear layers. The NPC parameters like incident angle and layer thickness are manipulated to obtain the exact phase matching using double resonance condition for a fixed number of layers with known experimental material parameters.     

Quasi phase matching in two-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals

We analyze quasi-phase-matched (QPM) conversion efficiency of the five possible types of periodic two-dimensional nonlinear structures: Hexagonal, square, rectangular, centered-rectangular, and oblique. The frequency conversion efficiency, as a function of the two-dimensional quasi-phase-matching order, is determined for the general case. Furthermore, it is demonstrated for two basic feasible motifs, a circular motif and a rectangular motif. This enables to determine the optimal motif dimensions for achieving the highest conversion efficiency. We find that a rectangular motif is more efficient than a circular motif for quasi-phase-matched processes that rely on a single reciprocal lattice vector (RLV), and that under optimal choice of motif dimensions, it converges into a one-dimensional periodic structure. In addition, in a few specific cases we found that higher order QPM can be significantly more efficient than lower order QPM.     

Optical second harmonic generation in asymmetric double triangular quantum wells

The second harmonic generation (SHG) in the asymmetric double triangular quantum wells (DTQWs) is investigated theoretically. The dependence of the SHG coefficient on the right-well width of the DTQWs is studied, and the influence of the applied electric field on SHG coefficient is also taken into account. The analytical expression of the SHG coefficient is analyzed by using the compact density-matrix approach and the iterative method. Finally, the numerical calculations are presented for the typical GaAs/Al_xGa_1−xAs asymmetric DTQWs. The results show that the calculated SHG coefficient in this coupled system can reach the magnitude of 10⁻⁵ m/V, 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that in step quantum well, and that in double square quantum wells. Moreover, the SHG coefficient is not a monotonic function of the right-well width, but has complex relationship with it. The calculated results also reveal that an applied electric field has a great influence on the SHG coefficient. Applying an appropriate electric field to a DTQW with a wider right well can induce a sharper peak of the SHG coefficient due to the double-resonant enhancement.     

Effects of transverse profile of pump field on second harmonic generation in periodic nonlinear materials

We report on a theoreticalanalysis of the effects of a converging pump field of Gaussian transverse profile on second harmonic generation in a periodic nonlinear material with quasi-phase-matching. The outputs of the centre intensity and the intensity flux for second harmonic generation are derived by simulation, based on the parameters of quasi-phase-mismatch, the waist and focus positions of the input pump beam. The results show that when the transverse profile of the pump field is taken into account, the quasi-phase-match value and focus position of input beam for maximal second harmonic generation flollow new criteria.     

利用宽带倍频特性精确测量准相位匹配晶体的极化周期

 提出了利用准相位匹配晶体进行宽带脉冲倍频,再根据准相位匹配晶体的极化周期与倍频脉冲输出中心波长的相位匹配关系来精确测量准相位匹配晶体极化周期的新方法。理论分析了准相位匹配晶体的极化周期与倍频脉冲的光谱关系、倍频容许带宽与晶体长度的关系。研究表明：宽带脉冲倍频后输出的脉冲峰值波长对应于角度的调谐曲线具有对称性;对于长度为10 mm的极化晶体,其倍频容许带宽不到0.2 nm。实验中,采用了国产PPKTP晶体试验片,晶体尺寸为10 mm×7 mm×1 mm,理想极化周期9 300 nm。结果表明：对于中心波长为537.25 nm的倍频光,其对应的实际晶体极化周期为9 303.9 nm,大于晶体加工时的理想值;当倍频脉冲光谱测量精度为0.01 nm时,准相位匹配晶体的极化周期测量精度达到0.1 nm,远高于一般光学显微镜的观测精度。     

Spontaneous 2D modulation instability in second harmonic generation process

Two-dimensional modulation instability (2DMI) is experimentally demonstrated in a classical second harmonic generation setup. The spatial spectrum is measured and reveals typical 2DMI bands, in agreement with the analytical MI model. These observations are confirmed by (2 + 1)D numerical simulations.     

Computing for second harmonic generation in one-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals

A numerical study of second harmonic generation (SHG) in one-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals based on full nonlinear system of equations, implemented by a combination of the method of finite elements and fixed-point iterations, is reported. This model is derived from a nonlinear system of Maxwell’s equations, which partly overcomes the known shortcoming of some existing models relied on the undepleted-pump approximation. We derive a general solution of SHG in one-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystals structures. The convergence of our method is fast. Numerical simulations also show the conversion efficiency of SHG can be significantly enhanced when the frequencies of the fundamental wave are located at the photonic band edges or are assigned to the designed defect states.     

Applications of non-collinear second harmonic generation in one-dimensional periodically poled crystals

Whereas the commonly used collinear quasi-phase-matched interaction is usually suitable for phase matching only a single nonlinear process, non-collinear interactions offer rich variety of phase matching possibilities, employing different elements of the nonlinear tensor, and various orders of quasi phase matching. By studying the dependence of the second harmonic process on the angle and the phase matching order in a periodically poled LiNbO₃ crystal, we can non-destructively derive the duty cycle of the structure. The obtained duty cycle agrees well with surface scan measurements using an atomic force microscope. Furthermore, by proper selection of the non-collinear angle, we demonstrate simultaneous second harmonic generation of two cross polarized waves.     

Unidirectional second harmonic generation based on electromagnetic induced transparency-like phenomenon derived from standing waves

The nonlinearity and one-way response associated with an electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) phenomenon based on a standing wave are theoretically analyzed and experimentally measured. The dark-meta-atom's strong energy localization results in strong second harmonic generation (SHG), while input for the opposite direction elicits no EIT-like response and a 20 dB decrease in SHG strength. The second-order standing wave can be tuned to affect the efficiency of SHG. The results presented here may represent a novel approach to designing nonreciprocal devices such as high signal-to-noise ratio electromagnetic diodes.     

Nonresonant third harmonic generation in thallium vapour

Feasibility of nonresonant third harmonic generation in thallium is investigated. The third order susceptibility, for driving frequencies in the visible region, is calculated and the phase matching with Ar as buffer gas is investigated. Other related quantities like coherence length, minimum pulse lengths required to get phase matching and power input requirements to achieve 50% conversion are also calculated.     

The second harmonic generation in semiconductors in the DC magnetic field

The second harmonic radiation in millimeter wave region is found in semiconductors in the absence of the dc electric field. The observed resonant maximum of radiation intensity is shown to be related to the excitation of the free-electron plasma oscillations in the dc magnetic field.     

Influence of phase transitions on the second harmonic generation in metal nanoparticles

In this work we use nonlinear optical properties of Ga nanoparticles monolayers of different average sizes embedded in dielectric matrices to investigate the liquid-solid phase transitions in these materials. Ga nanoparticles, formed by exploiting the partial wetting of liquid Ga over a SiO_x surface are irradiated with fs laser pulses from a Ti:sapphire source. The resulting Second Harmonic (SH) generated in the reflection and transmission directions is measured along the phase transitions by cooling the sample from 320 K down to liquid nitrogen temperature. Hysteresis cycles are observed in the nonlinear transmission, which exhibit a strong amplification from the solid to liquid values as compared to the linear optical results. A simple model for SH generation, based on Mie scattering calculations which includes the effect of surface plasmon resonance provides a fair key for the interpretation of the observed effects.     

Properties of periodic multicrystal configurations in walk-off-compensating second harmonic generation of ultrashort pulses

This work designs a four-platelet periodic multicrystal configuration in the second harmonic generation of ultra-short pulses as a new walk-off-compensating device. It theoretically investigates a proposed active and a typical passive compensating scheme with the undepleted-pump approximation. The result shows that the angular and spectral band-widths are proportional to the number of crystal pairs as expected,but the temperature tunability is basically unaltered owing to inter-plate pulse interference. At the same time,an analysis reveals that a misuse of the phase mismatch factor is responsible for a historic controversy about pulse interference. A real design of an ultraviolet second harmonic generation (262.5 nm) is considered in a passive periodic β-Barium Borate-calcite configuration,where the inter-plate pulse interference is found to form an azimuthal tuning restriction and to lower plate length tolerance. A subsequent numerical simulation with pump depletion is in good accordance with theoretical prediction.