一维光子晶体带边激光器的阈值特性分析

采用麦克斯韦方程和速率方程相结合的模型和时域有限差分法,利用引入的有效增益分布因子概念研究了光子晶体中本征模的阈值特性。增益介质的大小以及在光子晶体中的位置直接影响光子晶体带边激光器的输出特性;有效增益分布因子描述了光子晶体中增益介质的空间分布特性。结果显示,带边本征模的激射阈值依赖于有效增益分布因子。不同的本征模具有不同的有效增益分布因子,那些有效增益分布因子较大的模式具有较低的阈值。通过调整增益介质的位置和长度,可以提高有效增益分布因子的值,从而降低激光器的阈值,这对于实现激光器的低阈值运行有指导作用。     

Axion detection with negatively coupled cavity arrays

Using eigenmode analysis and full 3D FEM modelling, we demonstrate that a closed cavity built of an array of elementary harmonic oscillators with negative mutual couplings exhibits a dispersion curve with lower order modes corresponding to higher frequencies. Such cavity arrays may help to achieve large mode volumes for boosting sensitivity of the axion searches, where the mode volume for the composed array scales proportional to the number of elements, but the frequency remains constant. The negatively coupled cavity array is demonstrated with magnetically coupling coils, where the sign of next-neighbour coupling (controlled with their chirality) sets the dispersion curve properties of the resonator array medium. Furthermore, we show that similar effects can be achieved using only positively coupled cavities of different frequencies assembled in periodic cells. This principle is demonstrated for the multi-post re-entrant system, which can be realised with an array of straight metallic rods organised in chiral structures.     

Spontaneous emission of an atom in a cavity with nonorthogonal eigenmodes

The spontaneous emission of an excited atom in a lossy cavity with nonorthogonal eigenmodes is analyzed. The quantum Langevin formalism is used to describe the dynamics of the spontaneous decay. The analysis shows that the spontaneous decay is modified by the Q value and the effective mode volume factor of each cavity eigenmode. The effective mode volume is generalized for cavities with nonorthogonal modes, which can be a very significant modification in the microcavity regime. It is shown that the spontaneous decay is not enhanced by the excess noise factor as claimed by other analyses.     

腔内倾斜扰动对正支共焦腔本征模式的影响

针对激光器出光过程中腔内像差扰动带来的光束质量下降问题,分析了正支共焦腔腔内不同位置倾斜扰动对本征模式的影响,采用数值迭代法计算了理想状态及腔内不同位置倾斜扰动状态下的本征模式、相位Zernike像差拟合系数.结果表明：对大小给定的扰动,相位相对敏感性从凸面镜到凹面镜逐渐增加,且腔模倾斜像差增大的同时还将导致离焦、像散等高阶像差的增大,因此作腔内补偿时,应使补偿平面尽可能靠近凹面镜.     

Direct computation of higher-order propagation modes using the imaginary-distance beam propagation method

In this paper we present an extension to the standard method of eigenmode-extraction using the imaginary-distance beam propagation method. We show that it is possible to directly extract higher-order propagation modes of arbitrary shaped waveguide structures by propagating the field along the imaginary axis when the parameters are chosen in an appropriate manner. This method requires an assumption of the propagation constant of the eigenmode. In many cases this value can be determined using fast approximate techniques like the effective index method. Additionally, the approximate mode shape may be introduced as a starting condition and can further accelerate the extraction of the eigenmode. The overall number of propagation steps needed to extract multiple eigenmodes is then significantly smaller than in the case when extracting the modes sequentially with the former method.     

托卡马克理想磁流体不稳定性的统一描述 (I)

在与平衡磁面相联系的坐标系下，用剪切阿尔芬波近似给出了统一描述托卡马克等离子体理想磁流体线性运动的本征模方程。利用此方程，可以进一步给出大尺度扰动（扭曲模、低模数气球模、阿尔芬模）和小尺度扰动（高模数气球模、Mercier模）的本征模方程。本文详细讨论了小尺度扰动的本征模方程。     

光泵气体THz激光器用CO2泵浦源腔内光场模式

CO2泵浦源是光泵气体太赫兹激光器的核心器件之一,其性能直接关系到太赫兹激光器的工作稳定性。CO2泵浦源一般由闪耀光栅作为全反射尾镜,构成特殊的光栅腔实现波长的选支输出。采用传输矩阵的特征向量法对光栅谐振腔的腔内光场模式进行了理论分析与数值模拟,计算了光栅腔的一系列本征模式及相应的衍射损耗。结果表明光栅腔的腔内模式特性等效于一个平凹腔,而对于大菲涅尔数的光栅腔, Littrow波长的附近支线也可能具有衍射损耗较低的低阶模,可能优先于Littrow波长的高阶模起振,导致光栅腔的波长选择性降低。     

近红外亚波长硅光栅偏振器的设计

利用泄漏模共振效应以及等效介质理论设计出工作在近红外波段的一维亚波长硅光栅偏振器。采用散射矩阵方法和时域有限差分方法对结构进行设计和优化,模拟结果显示在正入射条件下,该偏振器在1284-1575nm波长范围内的消光比大于100（20dB）,而TM模的透射率高于98％。同时对该偏振器的角度特性以及制备容差进行了讨论,计算结果表明该偏振器具有较大的角度与制备容差。     

Polarization-Independent Guided-Mode Resonance Filters under Oblique Incidence

We present the dispersion relation of guided-mode resonances in planar periodic waveguides, both for s-polarized （TF, mode） and p-polarized （TM mode） incident waves. For a fixed homogeneous planar waveguide, dispersion curves of the TE eigenmode cannot cross that of the TM eigenmode at all. That is to say, at a certain wavelength, TE and TM modes cannot be excited with the same propagation constant. Due to Bragg reflection in the planar periodic waveguide, dispersion curves of the TE leaky mode may intersect with that of the TM leaky mode in the first Brillouin zone. We employ these intersections to achieve polarization-independent guided-mode resonance filters.     

Effective thermal conduction in composite materials

The problem of determining the bounds and/or estimating the effective thermal conductivity (λ _eff) of a composite (multiphase) system given the volume fractions and the conductivities of the components has been investigated. A comparison between the measured data and the results predicted by theoretical models has been made for seven heterogeneous samples. The tested models include those of the effective medium theory (EMT), Hashin and Shtrikman (HS) bounds, and Wiener bounds. These models can be used to characterize macroscopic homogeneous and isotropic multiphase composite materials either by determining the bounds for the effective thermal conductivity and/or by estimating the overall conductivity of the random mixture. It turns out that the most suitable one of these models to estimate λ _eff is the EMT model. This model is a mathematical model based on the homogeneity condition which satisfies the existence of a statistically homogeneous medium that encloses inclusions of different phases. Numerical values of thermal conductivity for the samples that satisfy the homogeneity condition imposed by the effective medium theory are in best agreement with the experimentally measured ones.     

On the estimation of dynamic mass density of random composites

The dynamic effective mass density and bulk modulus of an inhomogeneous medium at low frequency limit are discussed. Random configurations in a variety of two-dimensional physical contexts are considered. In each case, effective dynamic mass density and bulk modulus are calculated based on eigenmode matching theory. The results agree with those provided by Martin et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 128, 571-577 (2010)] obtained from effective wavenumber method.     

Analysis and design of efficient coupling in photonic crystal circuits

A rigorous analysis and design of efficient coupling from photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides into conventional dielectric waveguides is reported. Closed-form expressions for the reflection and transmission matrices that completely characterize the scattering that occurs at the interface are derived based on an eigenmode expansion technique and a Bloch basis. Analytic expressions are used to analyze the reflection into PhC waveguides. We obtain that negligible reflection can be achieved by choosing a certain interface within a PhC unit cell. Furthermore, analytic expressions are used to design a novel and compact coupler structure in order to achieve high coupling efficiency when broad dielectric waveguides are considered. Thereby, transmission efficiencies near 100 from the fundamental guided Bloch mode into the fundamental waveguide mode are achieved.     

Frustration of Bragg reflection by cooperative dual-mode interference: a new mode of optical propagation

A new optical mode of propagation is described, which is the natural eigenmode (supermode) of a fiber (or any optical waveguide) with two cospatial periodic gratings. The mode frustrates the backward Bragg scattering from the grating by destructive interference of its two constituent submodes (which are eigenmodes of a uniform waveguide). It can be used in a new type of spatial mode conversion in optical guides.     

单层石墨烯带传输模式及其对气体分子振动谱的传感特性研究

自2004年石墨烯被成功制备以来, 相关研究引起了广泛关注, 其中, 传感应用是一个重要方向. 目前, 有关石墨烯传感特性的研究都集中在低频, 即根据分子附着引起的电导率变化来实现检测. 然而, 由于大部分分子吸附都会使电导率发生变化, 因此该方法难以区分不同分子的特征. 论文基于Kubo公式, 结合数值仿真方法研究了单层石墨烯带的传输模式, 分析了有效模式指数与模式传输特性的关联, 证实了波导模的局域性和宽带特性. 同时, 利用一阶波导模与气体作用引起的传输强度的变化反演分子振动谱. 以SO₂, CO和C₇H₈气体的传感为例, 基于本征分析验证了方法的有效性. 结果表明, 传输模式与分子作用能够产生耦合共振增强, 并且其变化趋势与气体分子振动谱一致; 在传输方向上, 分子与传输模式的作用范围越大, 则模式传输强度的变化越大. 该研究为实现气体分子指纹的识别和检测奠定了理论基础.     

Energy exchange between four copropagating light waves under conditions of diagonal bipolar nonlinearity

Stationary energy exchange between four copropagating light beams in a medium with diagonal bipolar nonlinearity is studied. This type of nonlinearity is common in nematic liquid crystals. Solutions of underlying Hamilton’s equations are thoroughly analyzed with the phase-plane approach for different wave-vector mismatches. The existence of an unstable eigenmode is demonstrated geometrically. This mode results from the considerable difference between the temperature dependences of the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indexes. Exact analytic solutions related to various regions of the phase plane are presented. Optical switching is demonstrated to be feasible under the stated conditions. It is found that the energy exchange essentially depends on the input phase mismatch. Intensities required for observing the predicted effects are evaluated.     

Nanostructural composites of phthalocyanine and metals

Thin composite films of metal nanoparticles incorporated into a phthalocyanine matrix were prepared by simultaneous vacuum deposition of copper and phthalocyanine from two evaporation sources. Absorption spectra in both the IR and UV/VIS regions were measured in order to study changes of structure and properties with different volume fractions of copper in the films. The effective medium theory (EMT) approach was used to model optical spectra. A pronounced aging of composite layers was observed after the deposition.     

Spatially resolved dynamic eigenmode spectrum of Co rings

The spatially resolved eigenmode spectrum of micrometer-sized Co ring elements has been determined by means of combined vector network analyzer ferromagnetic resonance and time resolved magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements. Up to 5 resonant eigenmodes were observed in the frequency range from 45 MHz to 20 GHz as a function of an external magnetic bias field. A well-defined mode structure was found for the two equilibrium states (vortex and onion) which correspond to distinctive spatial modes. The effect of dynamic inter-ring coupling on the modes in the remanent states was evinced. The experimental results are found to be in good agreement with those of micromagnetic simulations. Our results demonstrate that, in analogy to the well-defined static equilibrium magnetic states of ring elements, the eigenmode spectra of this high symmetry geometry consist of a well-defined and simple mode structure.     

Investigation of the resonance field structure in an open resonator by the probe method: Theory and experiment

The mode structure in a 2D open resonator is reconstructed with the probe method in numerical and full-scale experiments. The domain of applicability of this method, which is specified by the continuous variation of the eigenmode phase in the open resonator, is found. A probe-induced change in the diffraction Q factor of the eigenmode does not necessarily meet its amplitude distribution in the open resonator. The potential of the probe method for estimation of the energy characteristics of modes in open resonators is discussed.     

Energetic Particle Transport Prediction for CFETR Steady State Scenario Based on Critical Gradient Model

The critical gradient mode(CGM) is employed to predict the energetic particle(EP) transport induced by the Alfven eigenmode(AE).To improve the model,the normalized critical density gradient is set as an inverse proportional function of energetic particle density;consequently,the threshold evolves during EP transport.Moreover,in order to consider the EP orbit loss mechanism in CGM,ORBIT code is employed to calculate the EP loss cone in phase space.With these improvements,the AE enhances EPs radial transport,pushing the particles into the loss cone.The combination of the two mechanisms raises the lost fraction to 6.6%,which is higher than the linear superposition of the two mechanisms.However,the loss is still far lower than that observed in current experiments.Avoiding significant overlap between the AE unstable region and the loss cone is a key factor in minimizing EP loss.     

Double-gap Alfvén eigenmodes: revisiting eigenmode interaction with the alfvén continuum

A new type of global shear Alfvén eigenmode is found in tokamak plasmas where the mode localization is in the region intersecting the Alfvén continuum. The eigenmode is formed by the coupling of two solutions from two adjacent gaps (akin to potential wells) in the shear Alfvén continuum. For tokamak plasmas with reversed magnetic shear, it is shown that the toroidicity-induced solution tunnels through the continuum to match the ellipticity-induced Alfvén eigenmode so that the resulting solution is continuous at the point of resonance with the continuum. The existence of these double-gap Alfvén eigenmodes allows for potentially new ways of coupling edge fields to the plasma core in conditions where the core region is conventionally considered inaccessible. Implications include new approaches to heating and current drive in fusion plasmas as well as its possible use as a core diagnostic in burning plasmas.