Ultrasonic imaging of an object at the presence of Fourier and non-Fourier transformation in the transmitted through the object acoustic field

A metal object is computer visualized by registration of the amplitudes of the transmitted through the object short acoustic pulses. The pulses are separated by time, because of the presence of holes and internal compact components in the longitudinal section (structure along the propagation direction of acoustic wave). The acoustic field transmitted through the object is composited from a field presenting Fourier transformation of the hole shape and field, transmitted through the metal components in the longitudinal section of the object. A computer Fourier transformation of the digital data of the amplitude fields transmitted through the object components is performed instead of converging lens. The Fourier series of the object obtained as digital data after the transformation is multiplied with a term, describing the angle distribution of the field on spatial frequencies. The reconstruction of the image of the metal components is performed by reverse transformation, i.e. summing up in all spatial frequencies. 3D visualization of the transmitted through the hole acoustic field determines the hole geometry (circular, square, rectangular).It is shown that at the transmission of a short acoustic pulse through the components with different thicknesses and holes, presenting Fourier and non-Fourier transformation can be registered separately in contrast to the optics.     

The measurement of amplitude and phase characteristics of time-varying optical inhomogeneities in transparent media

The solution of the phase problem in optics is considered as applied to the problems of studying time-varying amplitude and phase characteristics of a medium with the use of the spectral modulation method, in particular, for ultrashort times. The analysis is carried out by way of transilluminating the medium or the object under study with a probing optical signal with a known structure. The information required is extracted by directly recording intensity distributions for the spectrum of the probing signal transmitted through the medium and for the spectrum of the signal transmitted through the medium and subjected to additional modulation formed in a special way. The modulation should provide, to some extent, a visualization of the phase information. Two varyings of the analysis are considered. The first varying is related to the action of the medium under study on probing radiation in the form of its temporal modulation. The second varying is associated with the study of media whose action on radiation leads to redistribution of radiation in time and is described by convolution.     

双峰值面全息反射元件的角敏特性

从实验上研究了DCG全息元件透射光谱的暗带谷值波长随入射角变化的特性,提出用双峰值强度面反射元件作全息角敏元件(HASE),该HASE对入射光有较高的角度灵敏度和广角敏感性,分析了实验参数对暗带谷值和带宽的影响.     

Liquid crystal polarization rotator: Optical element for intermodulation spatial-bandwith reduction in holography

A liquid crystal polarization rotator (LCPR) to reduce the intermodulation spatial-bandwidth in offset-reference holography is proposed. The LCPR is divided into two portions which rotate the direction of polarization of the incident light beam differently. The rotation angle is set so that the direction of polarization of the transmitted light beams make an angle 90° with each other, so that object beams through the two portions do not interfere with each other. This rotator reduces the spatial frequency range of hologram intermodulation noise to 1/2 that of the conventional hologram recording method.     

Transmission of two-dimensional images by wavelength multiplexing

Wavelength multiplexing is a method for encoding spatial information into spectral information. Previously, each point of a one-dimensional image corresponds to a specific wavelength. All wavelengths together can be transmitted in scrambled fashion through a single light fiber. Decoding into the original image is achieved by sending the transmitted light through a spectroscope. This process again displays the various wavelengths at various positions along a line. In this project, two-dimensional spatial information or grey tone images are encoded into a spectral distribution. After transmission through a light fiber this spectrum can be decoded into the original two-dimensional image. Four different encoding versions are presented, which use serial transmission parallel transmission, shifted light coupling or spatial pulse modulation.     

基于频域方法的三维物体分层重现

基于频域方法实现了数字记录和再现三维物体离轴全息图.通过频谱对应关系求得各个面的频谱分布,使用数字滤波方法,成功地消除了零级衍射和共轭像;通过改变再现距离,分别获取了三维物体各个截面的再现像.     

光脉冲在一维负折射材料光子晶体中的传播

讨论了一维负折射光子晶体对光脉冲传播的影响.通过对光脉冲的透射场强的数值计算发现,频谱处于一维负折射率材料光子晶体禁带中的短脉冲通过光子晶体后基本保持形状不变,而对同样的短脉冲通过传统的一维光子晶体的透射脉冲则出现严重畸变.当考虑负折射率材料的色散时,讨论了位相时间随光脉冲载波频率的变化情况.     

Large amplitude point-vibration measurement with optical-fiber moiré-based technique

We describe a technique that is used for the real-time measurement of the vibration of an object point. The technique can be used when the vibration is characterized by a large amplitude, i.e. several millimeters. The technique has additional advantages that it requires no special surface treatment and is insensitive to object in-plane displacements that are small. In this technique an object point is illuminated by a small diameter beam (at an angle) that is structured with straight parallel fringes. The illuminated object point is then imaged onto a Ronchi ruling. The total light transmitted through the Ronchi ruling is then used to recover the vibration of the object point, in real time, by using well-known servo techniques.     

A simplified holography based superresolution system

In this paper we are proposing a simple idea based on holography to achieve superresolution. The object is illuminated by three fibers which maintain the mutual coherence between the light waves. The object in-plane rotation along with fiber-based illumination is used to achieve superresolution. The object in a 4f optical system is illuminated by an on-axis fiber to make the central part of the object׳s spectrum to the pass through the limiting square-aperture placed at the Fourier plane and the corresponding hologram of the image is recorded at the image plane. The on-axis fiber is switched off and the two off axis fibers (one positioned on the vertical axis and the other positioned on diagonal) are switched on one by one for each orientation of the object position. Four orientations of object in-plane rotation are used differing in angle by 90°. This will allow the recording of eight holographic images in addition to the one recorded with on-axis fiber. The three fibers are at the vertices of a right angled isosceles triangle and are aligned toward the centre of the lens following the fiber plane to generate plane waves for object illumination. The nine holographic images are processed for construction of object׳s original spectrum, the inverse of which gives the super-resolved image of the original object. Mathematical modeling and simulations are reported.     

Molecular effect in the formation of the energy spectrum upon the transmission of low-energy hydrogen ions through ultrathin carbon foils

The energy spectra of ions transmitted through ultrathin diamond-like foils irradiated by H⁺, H⁺₂, and H⁺₃ ions with energies from 2 to 12 keV/nucleon are studied. For molecular ions incident on the target with identical velocities, a considerable broadening of the energy spectrum is observed with an increase in the ion mass. The spectrum halfwidth reduced to the identical particle velocity remains constant for each type of incident ion, irrespective of the foil thickness.     

用类He离子谱线强度比测量激光产生等离子体电子温度和密度

一、引言在X光激光(XRL)和惯性约束聚变(ICF)研究中,等离子体电子温度和密度是表征等离子体状态的重要参数之一。虽然等离子体辐射各谱线强度与发射源的温度,密度和离子丰度直接相关,但要得到各谱线的绝对强度是很困难的,因为用于测量谱线强度探测器的绝对刻度相当困难。早在70年代初,苏联Aglitskii等首次用类He离子谱线强度比测量等离子体电子温度和密度。由于用该方法测量等离子体电子温度和密度可避免对探测器绝对     

Holography based super resolution

This paper describes the simulation of a simple technique of superresolution based on holographic imaging in spectral domain. The input beam assembly containing 25 optical fibers with different orientations and positions is placed to illuminate the object in the 4f optical system. The position and orientation of each fiber is calculated with respect to the central fiber in the array. The positions and orientations of the fibers are related to the shift of object spectrum at aperture plane. During the imaging process each fiber is operated once in the whole procedure to illuminate the input object transparency which gives shift to the object spectrum in the spectral domain. This shift of the spectrum is equal to the integral multiple of the pass band aperture width. During the operation of single fiber (ON-state) all other fibers are in OFF-state at that time. The hologram recorded by each fiber at the CCD plane is stored in computer memory. At the end of illumination process total 25 holograms are recorded by the whole fiber array and by applying some post processing and specific algorithm single super resolved image is obtained. The superresolved image is five times better than the band-limited image. The work is demonstrated using computer simulation only.     

Design of the spatial filter window for digital holographic convolution reconstruction of object beam field

In the convolution reconstruction process of digital holographic object beam field, the object beam fields with different magnifications can be obtained when the reconstructing beams are spherical waves with different wave curvature radii. This paper presents a theoretical and experimental discussion on the useful spatial frequency spectrum of the hologram numerically illuminated by the spherical wave. The result shows that there would be an image in the spatial frequency spectrum of digital hologram, which is completely the same as the object, if the wave surface radius of the spherical wave is equal to the distance from the object to the CCD sensor. Taking this image as a reference and designing a filter, the position of the reconstructed images with different magnifications can be predicted correctly in the reconstructed plane. Additionally, since the spectrum distribution of zero-order diffraction can be forecasted accurately in theory, its contribution can be effectively eliminated through changing the spatial filter shape; then a reconstructed object field containing more high-frequency information can be obtained.     

星间激光通信光束微弧度跟瞄性能检测装置的设计原理

基于矢量折射定理,研究了透射光束通过双棱镜实现微弧度量级偏转的设计原理,解决了星间激光通信精跟瞄检测的难题。推导了正交双棱镜实现光束偏转的精确公式,提出以水平张角和垂直张角表达光束视场,并说明了单棱镜实现光束偏转的一般情况。根据设计指标和计算结果确定了棱镜的主要参量,进而对光束的偏转结果进行了数值模拟。最后的实验结果与模拟结果基本一致。结果表明:取棱镜棱角α为4°时,棱镜每旋转1′,透射光束变化约1μrad;分别控制双棱镜在其最小偏向角一侧小角度偏转,可以实现光束在水平方向和垂直方向500μrad范围内的精确扫描,装置的扫描精度可以达到0.2μrad。     

Parallel-quadrature phase-shifting digital holographic microscopy using polarization beam splitter

We present a digital holography microscopy technique based on a parallel-quadrature phase-shifting method. Two π/2 phase-shifted holograms are recorded simultaneously using polarization phase-shifting principle, slightly off-axis recording geometry, and two identical CCD sensors. The parallel phase-shifting is realized by combining circularly polarized object beam with a 45° degree polarized reference beam through a polarizing beam splitter. DC term is eliminated by subtracting the two holograms from each other and the object information is reconstructed after selecting the frequency spectrum of the real image. Both amplitude and phase object reconstruction results are presented. Simultaneous recording eliminates phase errors caused by mechanical vibrations and air turbulences. The slightly off-axis recording geometry with phase-shifting allows a much larger dimension of the spatial filter for reconstruction of the object information. This leads to better reconstruction capability than traditional off-axis holography.     

Spectral Changes of Partially Coherent Light Transmitted from a Dielectric Slab

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光子晶体中缺陷的色散导致的群速度降低

利用传输矩阵方法计算了包含色散媒质缺陷的一维光子晶体的复透射系数，其中色散媒质用洛仑兹振子模型描述。计算了由复透射系数定义的等效复折射率并由此研究了频谱位于缺陷模频率附近的光脉冲的群速度。结果发现，由于缺陷模附近的透射谱敏感地依赖于缺陷层的光学厚度，而缺陷层的色散使缺陷层光学厚度随频率变化而改变，从而使包含缺陷的光子晶体的等效色散性质明显地依赖于缺陷的色散行为。由于光脉冲是由多种频率成分的单色场迭加构成的，透射脉冲由各单色场透射后重新迭加构成，因此波包的传播由介质的等效色散性质决定。与包含无色散缺陷的光子晶体相比，缺陷的色散可导致极慢的群速度。通过改变振子强度，群速度可从极慢光速转变为超光速(superluminal)。     

Object recognition through a multi-mode fiber

Optical Review - We present a method of recognizing an object through a multi-mode fiber. A number of speckle patterns transmitted through a multi-mode fiber are provided to a classifier based on...     

On the design of a multi-carrier correlation delay-shift keying system

This paper presents the design of a multi-carrier correlation delay-shift keying (MC-CDSK) system for the operation in wireless environments. In the proposed system, the sum of a chaotic sequence and it delayed version is considered to be a reference sequence and transmitted through a predefined subcarrier. The input data is divided into multiple pairs of bit sub-sequences, where the first and second ones of each pair are spread in the frequency domain by directly multiplying with the chaotic sequence and the delayed version, respectively. The sum of two resulting signals for each pair is then transmitted on a corresponding subcarrier. In the receiving side, the reference sequence retrieved from the predefined subcarrier and the signal retrieved from each of the remaining subcarriers are correlated with the delayed version of the other ones to recover the corresponding bit sub-sequence pair. The recovered pairs are combined to an output data. Schemes for the transmitter and receiver are designed and their operation over a multipath Rayleigh fading channel is described. The system performance is evaluated via theoretical analysis and then verified by numerical simulation. Our findings show that MC-CDSK system can improve communication features, i.e., bit error rate (BER) performance, energy and spectrum efficiency compared to those of the conventional CDSK.     

Supercontinuum and third-harmonic generation accompanying optical filamentation as first-order scattering processes

It is demonstrated numerically that the supercontinuum generation and third-harmonic generation that accompany optical filamentation in nonlinear dispersive bulk media can be described as first-order scattering processes akin to the first Born approximation. In particular, for an incident ultrashort pulse the angularly resolved spectrum of the transmitted pulse is shown to be accurately determined using first-order scattering of the incident field from the nonlinearly modified refractive index due to the optical filament. Thus, although an optical filament is a highly nonlinear object, the accompanying supercontinuum generation and third-harmonic generation are driven parametrically by the filament and have negligible back action upon it.