三分量光弹波导混合集成加速度传感器

三分量光弹波导M-Z干涉型集成加速度传感器的研究,为高频高精度地震勘探提供集成化的高精度传感器.利用光弹原理,分析了光弹效应检测任意方向加速度的原理.在X切Y传LiNbO3晶体上,设计制作了光波导双M-Z干涉仪及各集成器件：波导相位调制器、波导偏振器.三分量光弹波导M-Z干涉型集成加速度传感器测试表明：该传感器动态范围宽、线性性好.主要参数为：相位灵敏度达1.81×10－4Rad/m·s－2;工作频带3~1506(Hz).     

Three-component hybrid-integrated optical accelerometer based on LiNbO_3 photoelastic waveguide

A novel three-component hybrid-integrated optical accelerometer based on LiNbO3 photoelastic waveguide is presented. The photoelasitcity of LiNbO3 due to three-dimensional stress states is obtained analytically. We analyze the level of sensitivity to cross-axis accelerations which is a very important parameter for three-component accelerometer. Theoretically, the designed three-component hybrid-integrated optical accelerometer has a transverse sensitivity ratio （TSR） of zero. The sensor has a high natural frequency of 3.5 kHz and a linear broad working freauency.     

Frequency band-wise passive control of linear time invariant structural systems with H∞ optimization

A frequency band specific passive control strategy is presented based on H_∞ optimization for multi-degree of freedom (MDOF) linear time invariant (LTI) structural systems. Effective control can be achieved if passive control devices are designed by considering frequency bands of excitation. Minimization of maximum spectral norm or worst-case gain in the excitation frequency range is taken into account for the design of passive control devices for effective performance. A multi-storey shear planer frame coupled with a tuned mass damper (TMD) system as the passive control device is considered in the numerical simulation for controlling both displacement and acceleration subjected to base excitation. The band-specific H_∞ optimization problem for design of passive control devices has been transformed into GA-friendly form for the TMD system as control devices. Such a design strategy of passive control devices based on minimizing worst-case gain associated to finite frequency band is observed to provide efficient design of a TMD system with better performance than that designed based on conventional H_∞ optimization associated to entire frequency range.     

Design of new seismometer based on laser Doppler effect

In order to improve the resolution of seismic acquisition, a new seismic acquisition system based on tangential laser Doppler effect with an optimized differential optical configuration is proposed. The relative movement of the inertia object and the immobile frame is measured by laser Doppler effect, which can avoid the electromagnetic and thermometric interference, and the adoption of frequency-modulated (FM)transmission can improve the ability of anti-jamming. The frequency bandwidth is properly determined by analyzing the frequency of the Doppler signal. The velocity, displacement, acceleration, and frequency to be measured can be real-time acquired by frequency/velocity (F/V) converting the FM Doppler signal.A 100-dB dynamic range and the linear frequency range of 1.0 to 1000 Hz are realized.     

Generation of Electron Beams in the Range of Forevacuum Pressures

This paper presents the results of a study on the generation of electron beams at gas pressures ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 Torr. The fact that this range of pressures is attainable with mechanical pumps only has provoked interest in this problem. To generate an electron beam, use is made of a plasma source based on a hollow-cathode discharge in combination with a plane-parallel acceleration gap. In the given range of pressures, the peculiarities of emission and acceleration of electrons are related to the high probability of ionization of the gas in the acceleration gap and to the formation of an ion flow propagating toward the electron beam. This causes a decrease in discharge operating voltage and also an increase in plasma density in the emission region. Two types of breakdown are observed in the acceleration gap: an interelectrode breakdown and a breakdown in the plasma–electrode system. The designed electron source allows one to obtain beams of cylindrical cross section with currents of up to 1 A and energies of up to 10 keV.     

Acceleration test of substrate-packaged fiber Bragg grating sensor北大核心CSCD

To test whether the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor can endure the steady-state inertial loads caused by the acceleration and the sensing properties during the loads, a FBG strain and temperature sensor with aluminium alloy substrate package was designed, and the acceleration performance on the sensor was tested. The sizes of FBG strain and temperature sensor were designed and its package process was described. The strain and temperature sensing mechanisms of FBG sensor were analyzed, and the spectrum detection and demodulation system based on volume phase grating and linear array photodetector was developed. Finally, the acceleration test equipment was established, and the acceleration performance test of the selected FBG strain and temperature sensor was carried out in accordance with the requirements and methods of GJB150.15A acceleration test. The experimental results show that in the 2 min performance test before and after the acceleration test, the wavelength offset is below to ±50 pm, and the change of light intensity is below to 0.3 V. In acceleration test, the maximum fluctuation of wavelength offset is ±7 pm, and the light intensity is in the range of 1.3 V~4.003 V. It is proved that the designed FBG sensor has the ability to endure the acceleration loads and has the good sensing performance during the acceleration loads. Copyright ©2022 Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

基于弹光调制的红外光谱吸收法在室内VOC检测中的研究

为了保证静态干涉系统在气体定性定最分析方面稳定性高、抗干扰能力强的特点,设计了基于弹光调制实现光程静态扫描的干涉检测系统.系统由红外激光器、起偏器、弹光调制器、检偏器及CCD组成.通过弹光调制器使弹光晶体的主折射率随调制信号周期性的变化,从而产生周期性变化的光程差.通过对调制相位变化的计算,可知得到调制度随晶体长度、调...     

Relaxation of piezobirefringence in triglycine sulfate crystals

The effect of photoelastic relaxation is investigated using triglycine sulfate ferroelectric crystals as an example. The optical and deformation contributions to the photoelastic relaxation are described, and their percentage in the combined effect is determined. Consideration is given to the temperature dependences of the relaxation amplitudes of the path difference and birefringence, which are induced by mechanical stress.     

电力变压器绕组振动声纹特性分析*

为更加准确分析变压器绕组的状态特征,本文提出一种基于多物理场耦合仿真的变压器绕组振动声纹特性分析方法。根据实验条件,建立变压器绕组振动噪声模型,考虑变压器绝缘油在噪声传播过程中的作用,对S13-M-200/10型号的油浸式变压器进行短路实验,测量油箱表面的振动加速度以及周围空间的声音信号。仿真结果与实测数据对比分析,油箱表面的振动加速度集中频率为100Hz,空间声音信号集中频率为100Hz和200Hz,验证仿真模型的有效性。最后,建立变压器机械故障的仿真模型,分析得到变压器发生机械故障时,声音信号中100Hz频率分量减少,200Hz频率分量增加,为变压器绕组故障诊断提供依据。     

Performance evaluation of an optical flow technique applied to particle image velocimetry using the VSJ Standard Images

A Dynamic Programming based Optical Flow technique has been applied to the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) problem. It has been used for the extraction of dense velocity fields in a planar section of a fluid flow illuminated by a thin laser light sheet. Two (in-plane) components of the velocity vectors can be recovered using a single camera and all three components can be recovered using two or three cameras. Quantitative performance tests have been carried out on calibrated synthetic image sequences from the PIV Standard Project of the Visualization Society of Japan (VSJ). Results are presented for the 2D flow based sequences (STD01 to STD08 Standard Images) and the 3D flow based sequences (STD301, STD302, STD331 and STD337 Standard Images). The RMS error is within the 2–3% range and within the 4–8% range for recovery of the two-component and the three-component velocity vectors respectively.     

激光点火系统用高功率光纤光开关

 仿真和实验研究了一种控制Nd:YAG脉冲激光能量通断的光纤直接连接型光开关。建立光纤耦合模型,分析了光纤对准误差中对耦合效率的影响,其中横向偏移的影响最显著。采用微机电系统V型槽固定光纤,微小型凸轮作为制动器,步进电机驱动凸轮旋转,微小型凸轮与移动光纤相切,带动光纤移动,实现两光纤的错开和对准。制造了这种高功率直接连接型光纤光开关原理样机,并进行了主要性能测试。测试结果表明,这种光开关能够满足激光点火系统的大容量、高隔离度的要求。     

基于微梯形弹光晶体的大光程差PEM研究

针对目前基于弹光调制器(photoelastic modulator,PEM)的傅里叶变换光谱测量技术(PEM-FTS)的光谱分辨率低,并且PEM调制光程差有限、多次反射对入射光斑大小要求高且光能利用率低等缺点。提出一种基于微梯形八角结构弹光晶体的大光程差PEM方法。通过改进弹光晶体结构,使其为微梯形八角结构,两个通光面略微成一定夹角,该结构PEM不仅可以有效提高PEM调制的最大光程差,而且对入射光斑要求较小。理论推导分析了该PEM的最大调制光程差,并推导得出任意角、任意位置入射时PEM的最大调制光程差公式;通过多物理场耦合仿真软件COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3a对PEM的振动模态和应力分布进行分析;结合PEM的最大调制光程差和光能利用率,分析了寻找最佳入射角的方法。设计加工该PEM,其中弹光晶体选用硒化锌晶体,压电晶体选用压电石英晶体。采用波长为632.8 nm的氦氖激光进行实验分析,实验结果显示,在相同驱动电压下,该PEM的最大调制光程差是普通PEM的19.25倍,与理论仿真的相对误差为1.3%。     

Negative refraction imaging of solid acoustic waves by two-dimensional three-component phononic crystal

By using of the multiple scattering methods, we study the negative refraction imaging effect of solid acoustic waves by two-dimensional three-component phononic crystals composed of coated solid inclusions placed in solid matrix. We show that localized resonance mechanism brings on a group of flat single-mode bands in low-frequency region, which provides two equivalent frequency surfaces (EFS) close to circular. The two constant frequency surfaces correspond to two Bloch modes, a right-handed and a left-handed, whose leading mode are respectively transverse (T) and longitudinal (L) modes. The negative refraction behaviors of the two kinds of modes have been demonstrated by simulation of a Gaussian beam through a finite system. High-quality far-field imaging by a planar lens for transverse or longitudinal waves has been realized separately. This three-component phononic crystal may thus serve as a mode selector in negative refraction imaging of solid acoustic waves.     

Effect of some mechanical activation parameters on the SHS characteristics

The effect of some mechanical activation parameters (duration, ball acceleration, atmosphere) on the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) has been investigated by the example of the Ni + Al and Ti + Al systems. The main regularities of SHS wave propagation (gasless combustion) in mixtures subjected to preliminary mechanical activation significantly differ from the SHS regularities in traditional powder systems. This fact is explained primarily by the change in the reaction mixture microstructure and the formation of composite particles during mechanical activation.     

新型光弹调制干涉具研究

针对单个光弹调制器((Photoelastic Modulator,PEM))干涉具受到材料本身热、力学的限制,产生的最大光程差小,而多个PEM串联又难以控制,且多个PEM界面的多次反射将使光能大量损失等缺点,提出一种在单PEM上贴全反射膜经过多次反射有效提高最大光程的方法。理论推导分析了不同反射情况对光程差的影响,并得到任意角任意位置入射经多次反射后产生最大光程差的公式与光谱反演公式,且通过COMSOL、MATLAB、ZEMAX仿真和实验验证其可行性。实验选用的弹光晶体为硒化锌(ZeSe),压电晶体为石英,结果显示实验与理论的相对误差为0.21%,为该方法的工程应用提供了参考。     

Control of Spinning Sidebands in High Resolution NMR Spectroscopy

The presence of spinning sidebands can severely compromise the detection of low molarity analytes. Spinning sidebands have traditionally been minimized by improving the magnetic field homogeneity and by varying the spinning of the sample in a linear fashion during data acquisition. The effect of the latter is to spread the spinning sideband intensity over a range of frequencies so that the final result is a spinning sideband whose shape reflects the distribution of spinning speeds. We have designed a customized profile of spinner speed variation that optimizes the reduction of spinning sidebands. The customized profile is based on theoretical considerations of how the intensity of sidebands vary with the rate of sample rotation and also compensates for the mechanical design of the spinner mechanism. The result is a unique combination of an exponential increase in gas flow rate to balance the theoretical considerations coupled with a strategically placed rapid change in air flow to annul the sluggish response of the spinning mechanism to acceleration. The resulting sideband shape is a broad, flat, square step in the baseline that is least likely to interfere with low molarity analyte peaks.     

月球六分之一微重力环境模拟装置的设计与实现

为了对在月球上工作的机械臂进行地面仿真实验,设计并实现了一套悬吊式的、以视觉伺服方式作为随动控制系统的月球六分之一微重力模拟装置。为了能够满足高精度、大视场、大景深、高频率的成像条件,设计了以LED光源主动发光为基础的目标标志器以及基于激光测距仪及双相机多传感器融合的视觉测量系统,提出了一套目标识别、检测和位置测量的方法。采用PMAC运动控制卡作为执行机构的控制器,实现对电机的数字PID控制;经过试验验证,所设计的系统操作简单、运行稳定、微重力模拟精度高。     

Two kinds of novel birefringent dual-frequency lasers

Two kinds of novel dual-frequency He–Ne lasers are presented and described in this paper based on the birefringent laser frequency splitting technology: the full-inner cavity photoelastic dual-frequency laser and the half-inner cavity photoelastic dual-frequency laser. The frequency difference between the two kinds of dual-frequency laser can be adjusted from tens to hundreds of megahertz through adjusting the mechanical pressure exerted on the photoelastic element. The stability of the frequency differences of the two lasers are 10⁻³ and 10⁻⁵, respectively, after the lasers are turned on for a while.     

Development of Al-based multilayer optics for EUV

We report on the development of multilayer optics for the extreme ultra-violet (EUV) range. The optical performance of Al-based multilayer mirrors is discussed with regard to promising reflectivity and selectivity characteristics and the problems of the interfacial roughness for this type of multilayers. We demonstrate a possibility to reduce the average roughness by introducing additional metal layer (W or Mo) rather than depositing a buffer layer at each interface. We have prepared and tested Al/SiC, Al/W/SiC and Al/Mo/SiC multilayers of various periods for the spectral range from 15 to 40 nm, which is the range of increasing interest for high-order harmonic generation, synchrotron radiation and astrophysics. The structure of the three-component systems has been optimized in order to obtain the best reflectivity for each wavelength within the spectral range. We have shown that introduction of refractory metal in Al-based periodic stack can improve the optical performance of multilayer reflecting coatings designed for the EUV applications.     

Application of fibre-optic rotational seismometer in investigation of seismic rotational waves

Application of a fibre-optic Sagnac interferometer as a rotational seismometer is presented in this paper. It is a new device which parameters (sensitivity equal to 4.3×10⁻⁸ rad/s for 2σ) are comparable with the parameters of typical mechanical rotational seismometers. However, a direct measurement of rotation without influence of linear motions for fibre-optic rotational seismometer designed it for a direct measurement of a ground rotation component. Experimental data obtained during simultaneous application of the above two types of sensors are also presented. Research of near-field seismic events, the amplitude of which has been identified in the range of 1.5×10⁻⁶ rad/s to 2×10⁻⁷ rad/s, shows directly that, so-called, seismic rotational waves exist independently of typical seismic waves generated during earthquakes.