Shock Tube Measurements of the Rate Constant of the Reaction NCN + O2

The rate constant of the comparably slow bimolecular NCN radical reaction NCN + O₂ has been measured for the first time under combustion relevant conditions using the shock tube method. The thermal decomposition of cyanogen azide (NCN₃) served as a clean high‐temperature source of NCN radicals. NCN concentration–time profiles have been detected by narrow‐bandwidth laser absorption at cm^?1. The experiments behind incident shock waves have been performed with up to 17% O₂ in the reaction gas mixture. At such high O₂ mole fractions, it was necessary to take O₂ relaxation into account that caused a gradual decrease of the temperature during the experiment. Moreover, following fast decomposition of NCN₃ and collision‐induced intersystem crossing of the initially formed singlet NCN to its triplet ground state, an unexpected and slow additional formation of triplet NCN has been observed on a 100‐μs timescale. This delayed NCN formation was attributed to a fast recombination of ¹NCN with O₂ forming a ³NCNOO adduct acting as a reservoir species for NCN. Rate constant data for the reaction NCN + O₂ have been measured at temperatures between 1674 and 2308 K. They are best represented by the Arrhenius expression . No pressure dependence has been observed at pressures between 216 and 706 mbar.     

CH2O+O[3P]→CHO+OH反应途径和变分速率常数

采用QCISD/6-311G[d,p]从头算方法,优化了吸氢反应CH2O+O[3P]→CHO+OH的反应物、过渡态和产物的几何结构,并用QCISD(t,full)/6-311G**//QCISD/6-311G**方法对各驻点进行了单点校正,得出正逆反应的活化位垒分别为38.86kJ@mol-1和67.23kJ@mol-1.IRC(内禀反应坐标)分析指出,该反应是一个C-H键断裂和H-O键生成协同进行的反应,而且在反应途径上存在一个引导反应进行的振动模式,其引导反应进行s区间为-0.4～0.75(amu)1/2.在1300～2270K温度范围内运用改进的变分过渡态理论(ICVT),计算了反应速率常数,与实验结果相当一致.     

Fe3+-H2O2-二氯荧光素化学发光体系测定药物中的扑热息痛

酸性介质中,Fe3+催化H2O2分解生成羟基自由基,进而氧化扑热息痛产生微弱的化学发光,二氯荧光素对该发光强度有较强的增敏作用。研究了影响化学发光强度的各种因素,并探讨了其可能的发光机理。在最佳化学发光条件下,其化学发光强度与扑热息痛的浓度在8.0×10-8～5.0×10-5mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为5.0×10-9mol/L,对3.5×10-6mol/L的扑热息痛平行测定9次,其相对标准偏差为2.2%。该法用于片剂中扑热息痛含量的测定,结果满意。     

过氧亚硝酸盐的化学发光反应与测定

过氧亚硝酸盐是一氧化氮衍生物,由一氧化氮和超氧阴离子反应生成,它是很强的生物氧化剂,具有很高的反应活性和不稳定性。本文详细介绍了ONOO-的化学发光分解、ONOO-与二氧化碳的化学发光反应、ONOO-化学发光测定和应用,并展望了其发展前景。引用参考文献54篇。     

鲁米诺-过氧化氢化学发光体系测定利福平

基于鲁米诺在碱性条件下可以被H2O2氧化产生化学发光,利福平对此化学发光具有增敏作用这一现象,结合流动注射技术建立了一种直接测定利福平的流动注射化学发光新方法.该方法的线性范围在1.0×10-6～2.0×10-8g·mL-1,检出限为3.0×10-9g·mL-1,对5.0×10-7g·mL-1的利福平连续进行11次平行测定,其相对标准偏差为3.0%.该法已成功测定了利福平胶囊及眼药水中利福平的含量.     

Determination of the rate coefficients of the SO2 + O + M → SO3 + M reaction

Rate coefficients of the title reaction R₃₁ (SO₂ + O + M → SO₃ + M) and R₅₆ (SO₂ + HO₂→ SO₃ + OH), important in the conversion of S(IV) to S(VI), were obtained at T = 970–1150 K and ρ_ave = 16.2 μmol cm^?3 behind reflected shock waves by a perturbation method. Shock‐heated H₂/O₂/Ar mixtures were perturbed by adding small amounts of SO₂ (1%, 2%, and 3%) and the OH temporal profiles were then measured using laser absorption spectroscopy. Reaction rate coefficients were elucidated by matching the characteristic reaction times acquired from the individual experimental absorption profiles via simultaneous optimization of k₃₁ and k₅₆ values in the reaction modeling (for satisfactory matches to the observed characteristic times, it was necessary to take into account R₅₆). In the experimental conditions of this study, R₃₁ is in the low‐pressure limit. The rate coefficient expressions fitted using the combined data of this study and the previous experimental results are k_31,0/[Ar] = 2.9 × 10³⁵ T^?6.0 exp(?4780 K/T) + 6.1 × 10²⁴ T^?3.0 exp(?1980 K/T) cm⁶ mol^?2 s^?1 at T = 300–2500 K; k₅₆ = 1.36 × 10¹¹ exp(?3420 K/T) cm³ mol^?1 s^?1 at T = 970–1150 K. Computer simulations of typical aircraft engine environments, using the reaction mechanism with the above k_31,0 and k₅₆ expressions, gave the maximum S(IV) to S(VI) conversion yield of ca. 3.5% and 2.5% for the constant density and constant pressure flow condition, respectively. Moreover, maximum conversions occur at rather higher temperatures (～1200 K) than that where the maximum k_31,0 value is located (～800 K). This is because the conversion yield is dependent upon not only the k_31,0 and k₅₆ values (production flux) but also the availability of H, O, and HO₂ in the system (consumption flux). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. *

1 This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America.

Int J Chem Kinet 42: 168–180, 2010     

高碘酸钠-过氧化氢-盐酸黄连素化学发光体系的研究

１引言 盐酸黄连素是一种用于治疗肠道感染，毒性低、副作用小的天然药物。对盐酸黄连素的测定，化学发光法未见报道。本文发现，过氧化氢存在下，磷酸介质中盐酸黄连素与高碘酸钠反应产生强的化学发光。据此结合流动注射技术建立了在ＮａＩＯ４－Ｈ３ＰＯ４－Ｈ２Ｏ２－盐酸黄连素体系中测定盐酸黄连素的化学发光新方法。方法的检出限为 ３．８×１０－９ｇ／ｍＬ。线性范围是 １．０× １０－８－ ７．０ ×１０－６ｇ／ｍＬ。相对标准偏差为 ２．３％（ Ｃ８＝ １． ０ ×１０－６ｇ／ｍＬ； ｎ＝１１）。该法与药典方法对照，结果满意。…     

CH2+O2反应的反应机理

CH2与 O2的反应是不饱和碳氢化合物燃烧过程中的一个十分重要的反应 .CH2（基态,三重态）与 O2反应的实验研究工作已有不少报导 [1－ 5],其主要产物有两 组 :H2O＋ CO和 CO2＋ H2,这些产物表明反应在反应体系的单重态位能面上发生 .至今还未见到关于 CH2＋ O2反应机理的完整的理论研究报导 .本文用 CASSCF方法详细研究了 CH2＋ O2反应的机理,给出从反应物至两组不同最终产物的完整的反应途经的描写 .1计算方法 　　计算使用量子化学高斯 98 W软件 .用从头算 CASSCF(8,8)/6-31G(d,p)方法在 CH2＋ O2单重态位能面上以优化…     

Chemiluminescence from three-body reactions in the Ba + O2 flame

A study of the spatially resolved chemiluminescence of the Ba + O₂ reaction suggests that the emission is due to production of the excited states of BaO, Ba₂O, and BaO₂ formed in three-body recombination reactions.     

吐温-40-高碘酸钾-过氧化氢化学发光体系测定中药五倍子中的单宁酸

基于单宁酸对过氧化氢和高碘酸钾溶液在温温-40存在下化学发光反应的增敏作用,结合流动注射技术,建立测定痕量单宁酸化学发光的方法,测定单宁酸的线性范围为5．0×10^-8～1．0×10^-5mol·L^-1;检出限为2．3×10^-1mol·L^-1;对于5.0×10^-6mol·L^-1单宁酸进行11次平行测定,其相对标准偏差为2．6％。对化学发光反应的机理也作了初步探讨。     

Chemiluminescence of CaCl From the Ca+Cl2 Reaction in Argon Matrix

Visible chemiluminescence in the 5800-6600 Å region was observed from the Ca+Cl₂ reaction in an argon matrix. The longer wavelength doublet progression is assigned as the A²Π_{3/2, 1/2}→X²Σ⁺ transition of CaCl, with v₀₀= 16189 and 16126 cm^?1, respectively. Emission from the vibrationally excited v' = 1 level of the A state was also observed. This is the first observation of resolved spin-orbit components in matrix chemiluminescent reactions. The progression with v₀₀=16855 cm^?1 was assigned as the B²Σ⁺→X²Σ⁺ transition of CaCl. Both transitions showed very small matrix shifts in the T₂ values. A weak band at 17185 cm^?1 was assigned as either the E²Σ→B²Σ⁺ or the a⁴Σ⁺→A²Π transition of CaCl. Ca atomic emission at 4232 and 6574 Å was also observed and it was attributed to the energy transfer processes from excited CaCl radicals.     

Mechanism and Rate Constants of the CH3+ CH2CO Reaction: A Theoretical Study

The mechanism of the reaction of ketene with methyl radical has been studied by ab initio CCSD(T)‐F12/cc‐pVQZ‐f12//B2PLYPD3/6‐311G** calculations of the potential energy surface. Temperature‐ and pressure‐dependent reaction rate constants have been computed using the Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM)–Master Equation and transition state theory methods. Three main channels have been shown to dominate the reaction; the formation of the collisionally stabilized CH₃COCH₂ radical and the production of the C₂H₅ + CO and HCCO + CH₄ bimolecular products. Relative contributions of the CH₃COCH₂, C₂H₅ + CO, and HCCO + CH₄ channels strongly depend on the reaction conditions; the formation of thermalized CH₃COCH₂ is favored at low temperatures and high pressures, HCCO + CH₄ is dominant at high temperatures, whereas the yield of C₂H₅ + CO peaks at intermediate temperatures around 1000 K. The C₂H₅ + CO channel is favored by a decrease in pressure but remains the second most important reaction pathway after HCCO + CH₄ under typical flame conditions. The calculated rate constants at different pressures are proposed for kinetic modeling of ketene reactions in combustion in the form of modified Arrhenius expressions. Only rate constant to form CH₃COCH₂ depends on pressure, whereas those to produce C₂H₅ + CO and HCCO + CH₄ appeared to be pressure independent.     

NaIO4-H2O2-盐酸异丙肾上腺素-Cu2+体系化学发光测定盐酸异丙肾上腺素

在磷酸介质中,过氧化氢存在下,加入少量Cu2+的盐酸异丙肾上腺素试液经80℃水浴加热处理后与高碘酸钠反应产生强烈的化学发光.据此,结合流动注射技术建立了一种测定盐酸异丙肾上腺素的化学发光分析新方法.方法的线性范围为1.0×10-9～7.0×10-7 g/mL,检出限为4.0×10-10g/mL,相对标准偏差为3.0%(1.0×10-8g/mL盐酸异丙肾上腺素,n=11).该法用于注射液中盐酸异丙肾上腺素的测定,回收率为97%～103%.     

F+CH2CO的反应机理和动力学研究

用G3(MP2)方法对F与CH₂CO的反应进行研究,揭示了该反应的加成-消除机理.F原子首先与CH₂CO作用形成富能的中间体CH₂FCO^*,此加成反应为无势垒过程.富能的CH₂FCO^*可进一步发生解离或异构化反应生成各种可能的产物.其中CO和CH₂F可能为反应的主要产物.根据从头算的结果,用RRKM-TST理论计算该反应的速率常数.总包反应速率常数与温度存在弱的依赖关系,与总压力无关.     

Spectroscopic and Kinetic Studies of the Reaction of CO+H(2)O and CO+O(2) and Decomposition of HCOOH on Au/H-Mordenite Catalysts

The surface species formed from the reaction of CO+H(2)O and CO+O(2) and decomposition of HCOOH on Au incorporated into H-mordenite zeolite have been studied by means of in situ FTIR spectroscopy. On H-mordenite, a bidentate formate species (2912, 1536, and 1390 cm(-1)) is produced upon exposure to the CO+H(2)O gas mixture at 323 K, as well as different carbonate-like species (1956, 1852, 1705, and 1360 cm(-1)). The latter species was extensively formed in a short time and was responsible for hindering the CO(2) adsorbed species. However, Au/H-mordenite presented different vibration modes of formate species with a high emphasis on the monodentate ones (2950, 2916, 2896, 1690, and 1340 cm(-1)). The HCOOH adsorption on Au/H-mordenite showed two bands at 1622 and 1590 cm(-1) of the nu(as)(OCO) species, suggesting the formation of two types of formate species. The decomposition rate of the formate species formed on Au moieties was faster than that formed on H-mordenite. This was consistent with the calculated activation energies of CO(2) formation that showed a lower value (40.1 kJ/mol) on the former sample than on the latter one (63.3 kJ/mol). A dehydrogenation mechanism is proposed (HCOOH-->H(2)+CO(2)) for the decomposition of HCOOH on the Au/H-mordenite catalyst. On the other hand, the Au/H-mordenite catalyst activated the CO oxidation reaction. This reaction proceeded mainly through the formation of carboxylate species at first, which tended to obviate with time, preferring the formate species. The latter species resulted from the interaction of CO with OH stretching of the zeolite assisted by the presence of gas phase O(2). The formate species is further decomposed with time to carbonate species. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

Rate data for O + OCS → SO + CO and SO + O3 → SO2 + O2 by a new time-resolved technique

Pulsed laser photolysis of O₃ in a large excess of N₂ has been used to generate O(³P) atoms in the presence of OCS. By observing chemiluminescence from the small fraction of electronically excited SO₂ formed in the reaction of SO with O₃, rate constants of (1.7 ± 0.2) × 10^?14 and (8.7 ± 1.6) × 10^?14 cm³/molecule sec have been determined at 296 ± 4 K for the reactions and In addition, it has been shown that any reaction between SO and OCS has a rate constant 10^?14 cm³/molecule sec.     

Temperature and third-body dependence of the rate constant for the reaction O + O2 + M → O3 + M

The flash photolysis resonance fluorescence technique was used to measure the rate constants of the reaction O + O₂ + M → O₃ + M (M = N₂, O₂, Ar, and He) as a function of temperature. The results for the rate constants are given by The activation energies with N₂, O₂, and Ar as third bodies are equal within the experimental error, (?1370 → 340 cal/mol), and the relative third-body efficiencies at 298 K for N₂, O₂, Ar, and He are 1.00, 0.99, 0.69, and 0.60, respectively.     

Luminol-H2O2-纳米银化学发光体系测定阿魏酸

碱性条件下,阿魏酸对Luminol-H2O2-纳米银化学发光体系有较强的抑制作用,基于此,结合流动注射技术,建立了测定阿魏酸的新方法。研究了影响化学发光强度的各种因素,并初步探讨了可能的发光机理。在最佳实验条件下,阿魏酸浓度在1.0×10-8～4.0×10-5mol/L范围内与相对发光强度呈线性关系,检出限(3σ)为2.0×10-9mol/L。对2.0×10-7mol/L的阿魏酸平行测定9次,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.3%。将该法应用于太太美容口服液中阿魏酸的测定,结果满意。     

Reaction Mechanism Investigation Using Vibrational Mode Anal—ysis for the Multichannel Reacition of CH3O＋CO

On the basis of the computed results got by the Gaussian 94 package at B3LYP/6-311 G** level,the reaction mechanism of CH3O radical with CO has been investiagted thoroughly via the vibrational model analysis ,And the relationships among the reactants,eight transition states,four intermediates and various products involved this multichannel reation are eluci-dated,The vibrational mode anaysis shows that the reaction mechanism is relialbe.