Synthesis of Derivatives of 4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-[2-(5-mercapto-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]quinoline and 2-[2-(4-Hydroxy-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)ethyl]-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one

From 4-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline-3-propionyl chlorides hydrochlorides the corresponding thiosemicarbazides were synthesized. The cyclization of the latter both in alkaline and acidic media furnished 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-[2-(5-mercapto-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)ethyl]quinolines. The reaction of the above propionyl chlorides with anthranilic acid afforded the corresponding 2-[2-(4-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-quinolyl)ethyl]-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones.     

Brønsted acidic ionic liquids and their zwitterions: synthesis, characterization and pKa determination

Imidazolium chlorides with one or two carboxylic acid substituent groups, 1-methyl-3-alkylcarboxylic acid imidazolium chloride, [Me[(CH2)nCOOH]im]Cl (n=1, 3), and 1,3-dialkylcarboxylic acid imidazolium chloride, [[(CH2)nCOOH]2im]Cl (n=1, 3), have been synthesized via their corresponding acid esters. Deprotonation of the carboxylic acid functionalized imidazolium chlorides with triethylamine affords the corresponding zwitterions [Me[(CH2)nCOO]im] (n=1, 3) and [[(CH2)nCOOH][(CH2)nCOO]im] (n=1, 3). Subsequent reaction of the zwitterions with strong acids gives the new imidazolium salts [Me[(CH2)nCOOH]im]X (n=1, 3; X=BF4, CF3SO3) and [[(CH2)nCOOH]2im]X (n=1, 3; X=BF4, CF3SO3), which exhibit melting points as low as -61 degrees C. The solid-state structures of two of the carboxylic acid functionalized imidazolium salts have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Extensive hydrogen bonding is present between the chloride and the imidazolium, with eight Cl.H interactions below 3 A. The pK(a) values of all the salts, determined by potentiometric titration, lie between 1.33 and 4.59 at 25 degrees C.     

Synthesis of substituted diazines,diazoles, and condensed thia- and oxadiazoles

The corresponding 2-arylhydrazono-3-oxoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, 3-arylhydrazono-2-oxoimidazo [1,2-a]benzothiazoles, 2-oxoimidazolidino[3,2-a]benzimidazoles, 2-oxoimidazo[1,2-a]benzoxazoles, and 2-arylhydrazono-3-oxothiazolo[2,3-a]benzimidazoles were obtained by the condensation of arylazochloroacetyl chlorides with 2-aminopyridine, 2-aminobenzothiazole, 2-aminobenzoxazole, 2-aminobenzimidazole, and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole. 5-Arylhydrazono-1,2-diphenylimidazole-4-ones and 5-arylhydrazono-3,4-diaryl-1,2,4-oxidiazine-6-ones were synthesized by the reaction of arylazochloroacetyl chlorides with N-phenylbenzamidine and N-phenylamidoxime.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 7, pp. 930–936, July, 1971.     

Partially hydrogenated 2-amino[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as synthons for the preparation of polycondensed heterocycles: reaction with chlorocarboxylic acid chlorides

Partially hydrogenated 2-amino[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and 2-amino[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-b]quinazolines react with the chlorides of chloroacetic, 3-chloropropanoic, and 4-chlorobutanoic acids at 0–5 °C to give amides through acylation of the 2-amino group. Heating the corresponding 3-chloropropanoyl derivatives at 80–90 °C in DMF leads to selective intramolecular alkylation at N-3 to form the chlorides of partially hydrogenated [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a:4,3-a′]dipyrimidin-5-ones and pyrimido[2′,1′:3,4][1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-b]quinazolin-12-ones. It may be more convenient to prepare such compounds through one-pot processes. Some reactions of the synthesized chlorides of polycondensed heterocycles have been studied. Conditions have been found to effect the selective synthesis of free bases, oxidative aromatization or hydrolysis of the dihydropyrimidine cycle, and the selective hydrolytic cleavage or elimination of the pyrimidone ring. Some of the resulting compounds represent new mesoionic heterocycles.     

Intramolecular nitrilimine cycloadditions onto β-lactams bearing an alkenyl dipolarophile: synthesis of novel tricyclic β-lactams

A five-step synthesis of novel tricyclic β-lactams has been exploited by stereoselective intramolecular cycloadditions of appropriate nitrilimines 6 and 12. These labile intermediates were generated in situ from the corresponding hydrazonoyl chlorides giving rise to the hitherto unknown azeto[3′,4′:1,2]hexano[3,4-c]pyrazole and azeto[3′,4′:1,2]heptano[3,4-c]pyrazole skeletons.     

Esters of heterocyclic γ-amino alcohols

Reduction of cis-3-cyano-4-hydroxypiperidines with lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) gave cis-3-aminomethyl-4-hydroxypiperidines, which were converted to cis-3-dimethylaminomethyl-4-hydroxypiperidines by methylation with formaldehyde and formic acid. Acylation of the methylated compounds with benzoyl and cinnatnoyl chlorides gave the corresponding esters. Condensation of cis-3-aminomethyl-4-hydroxypiperidines with formaldehyde gave perhydropyrido[3,4-e][1,3]oxazines, which were converted to 3-methylaminomethyl-4-hydroxypiperidines by means of LAH. The cis isomers of the corresponding O,N-diacyl derivatives of these amino alcohols were obtained by acylation with acetic anhydride and benzoyl and cinnamoyl chlorides.See [1] for communication V.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1363–1368, October, 1978.     

Synthetic transformations of higher terpenoids: XIX. Synthesis of 1,7-epoxyisoindolones and 7,9a-epoxythiazolo[2,3-<Emphasis Type="Italic">a</Emphasis>]isoindolones from terpenoids

The reductive amination of methyl 16-formyllambertianate with L-leucine or L-methionine esters resulted in labdanoid furfurylamines whose acylation with maleic anhydride on chlorides of methacrylic or crotonic acids gave the corresponding unsaturated amides that readily entered into the reaction of intramolecular [4+2]-cycloaddition giving the corresponding derivatives of 10-oxa-3-azatricyclo[5.2.1.0^1,5]dec-8-en-4-one. As a result of a sequence of reactions: The amination of methyl 16-formyllambertianate with cystamine, the acylation of the obtained methyl 16-thiazolidinyllambertianate with the above mentioned acid chlorides or with maleic anhydride, and the intramolecular cyclization of the arising furfurylamine we obtained terpenoid derivayives of 7,9a-epoxyhexahydrothiazolo[2,3-a]isoindol-5-one.     

P[N(i-Bu)CH2CH2]3N: a versatile ligand for the Pd-catalyzed amination of aryl chlorides

[reaction: see text] Palladium-catalyzed amination reactions of aryl chlorides with amines proceeded in the presence of the bicyclic triaminophosphine P[N(i-Bu)CH(2)CH(2)](3)N to afford the corresponding arylamines in good to excellent yields. Electron-poor, electron-neutral, and electron-rich aryl chlorides all participated with equal ease.     

Diversity-oriented synthesis of 1,2,3,5-tetrahydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]oxadiazepines and 2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e][1,2,4]triazepines by base-induced [4 + 3] annulation reactions

The base-induced formal [4 + 3] annulation reactions of N-(ortho-chloromethyl)aryl amides with nitrones or hydrazonoyl chlorides have been reported. When nitrones are used as the 1,3-dipole, the corresponding reaction afforded a series of 1,2,3,5-tetrahydrobenzo[e][1,2,4]oxadiazepine derivatives. Highly functionalized 2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e][1,2,4]triazepine derivatives were also synthesized via an unprecedented tandem aza-Michael addition/rearrangement aromatization between N-(ortho-chloromethyl)aryl amides and hydrazonoyl chlorides.     

Di-4(3H)-quinazolinon-2-yl Derivatives from the Diacid Chlorides of Pinic and sym-Homopinic Acids

The corresponding diamides have been synthesized by the interaction of the diacid chlorides of cis-2,2-dimethyl-3-carboxycyclobutaneacetic acid (pinic acid) and cis-2,2-dimethylcyclobutane-1,3-diacetic acid (sym-homopinic acid) with two equivalents of anthranilic acid. Treatment of the diamides with formamide gave 2,2-dimethyl-1-[4(3H)-quinazolinon-2-yl]methyl-3-[4(3H)-quinazolinon-2-yl]cyclobutane and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-di[4(3H)-quinazolinon-2-ylmethyl]cyclobutane respectively.     

Synthesis and properties of bisdehydro[4n+2]annulenediones

Bisdehydro[14]- and [18]annulenediones have been synthesized by cyclic dimerization of corresponding -ethynyl acid chlorides in the presence of palladium-copper catalyst in triethylamine-benzene and fully characterized by analyses and their ¹H-NMR, mass, electronic and IR spectroscopic evidences.     

Synthesis of regioisomeric naphtho-furans <Emphasis Type="Italic">via</Emphasis> naphthyloxyalkanals

A new route to the regioisomeric 2-alkylnaphtho[2,1-b]- and 2-alkylnaphtho[1,2-b]furans via acid-catalyzed cyclization of the corresponding 2-naphthyloxyalkanals under mild conditions over Amberlyst 15 resin has been described. The 2-naphthyloxyalkanals were obtained by palladium-catalyzed reduction of 2-naphthyloxyalkanoyl chlorides.     

Ring-opening reactions of methylenecyclopropanes promoted by metal halides

The methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs) react with various metal chlorides or bromides to give the corresponding homoallylic chlorides or bromides in good yields. [reaction: see text]     

Stereochemistry of oxachlorocarbene S(N)i reactions

[reaction: see text] 3-Nortricyclyloxychlorocarbene and trans-4-methylcyclohexyloxychlorocarbene both fragment in hydrocarbon solvents with extensive loss of stereochemical integrity to the corresponding chlorides via competitive and nearly isoenergetic S(N)i-like transition states.     

Reactivity of beta-lactamido N-sulfonyl radicals

[reaction: see text] A new class of N-substituted radical has been studied. Obtained from the corresponding chlorides, beta-lactamido N-sulfonyl radicals were allylated and added onto electron-rich olefins. It has been shown that the radicals do not undergo desulfonylation and are electrophilic in nature.     

4-Functionally Substituted 3-heterylpyrazoles: XII. 4-Chlorothieno[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonyl Chlorides

3-(4-Pyrazolyl)acrylic acids reacted with excess thionyl chloride in the presence of benzyltriethylammonium chloride affording 4-chlorothieno[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonyl chlorides which were converted into the corresponding acids, esters, and amides.     

Functionally Substituted 3-Heterylpyrazoles: XI. 3-[3-Aryl(heteryl)pyrazol-4-yl]propenoic and Propanoic acids

3-Aryl(heteryl)-4-formylpyrazoles by condensation with malonic acid furnish 3-[3-aryl(heteryl)- pyrazol-4-yl]propenoic acids that in the presence of Raney nickel are reduced by hydrazine hydrate to 3-[3-aryl(heteryl)pyrazol-4-yl]propanoic acids. The successive conversion of both type acids into the corresponding acyl chlorides, esters, and amides was performed.     

A new method for the synthesis of [1,4]diazepino[6,5-b]indole derivatives

Reactions of 3-[(N-aryl-N-chloroacetyl)amino]-2-formylindoles with substituted anilines gave 1,4-diaryl-2-oxo-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro[1,4]diazepino[6,5-b]indol-4-ium chlorides and those with 4-aminopyridine yielded 4-amino-1-(1-aryl-2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrido[3,2-b]indol-3-yl)pyridinium chlorides. Reduction of 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrodiazepinoindol-4-ium chlorides afforded the corresponding hexahydro derivatives. An alternative synthesis of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro[1,4]diazepino[6,5-b]indole from 3-[N-(4-nitrophenyl)amino]-2-[(phenylimino)methyl]indole was developed. The method involves the following sequence of transformations: reduction, chloroacetylation, and intramolecular alkylation. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2193–2199, December, 2006.     

Effect of substituents in the propynyl fragment and at the nitrogen atom on the intramolecular cyclization of (3-aryl-2-propynyl)-(4-hydroxy- 2-butynyl)ammonium chlorides and also on the recyclization of the products formed

Cyclization of dialkyl(4-hydroxy-2-butynyl)[3-(α-naphthyl)-2-propynyl]ammonium chlorides using aqueous KOH solution occurs under more rigorous conditions (1:1 ratio of salt to base) than in the case of their 3-phenyl(p-chlorophenyl, alkenyl)-substituted analogs (5:1 ratio of salt to KOH). Similarly, more rigorous conditions are also needed for the cyclization of (4-hydroxy-2-butynyl)-(3-phenyl-2-propynyl)piperazinium- and dicyclohexylammonium chlorides. In addition to the cyclization products - corresponding dialkyl(7-hydroxymethyl)naphtho[1,2-f]isoindolinium or dialkyl-(4-hydroxy-methyl)benzo[f]isoindolinium chlorides, the products of recyclization of these – dialkyl-amino-phenanthro[1,2-c]furan or dialkylaminonaphtho[1,2-c]furan are also formed. The indicated derivatives become the main products of conversion of the starting salts by a change of salt to KOH ratio, 1:2, and with an increase in the time of the reaction. The results obtained can be explained by steric effect and also the lower thermal stability of the obtained naphtho[1,2-f]isoindolinium salt system compared to the analogous benzo[f]isoindolinium systems.     

The synthesis of internal standards for the quantitative determination of sphingolipids by tandem mass spectrometry

Novel internal standards have been synthesised for the quantitative determination by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) of the sphingolipids that accumulate in lysosomal storage diseases. The [d4]C16- and [d47]C24-isoforms of galactosylceramide (CMH), lactosylceramide (CDH), globotriaosylceramide (CTH), cerebroside sulphate, sphingomyelin and G(M1)-, G(M2)- and G(M3)-gangliosides were synthesised by the reaction of their lyso-forms with the acid chlorides of hexadecanoic 5,5,6,6-d4 acid ([d4]-palmitic acid) and tetracosanoic-d47 acid ([d47]-lignoceric acid), respectively. The acid chlorides were formed using oxalyl chloride. The structures of the internal standards were confirmed by MS/MS. The fragmentation pattern of each novel compound was similar to that of the corresponding natural form of the sphingolipid, making it a good internal standard for the quantitative determination of the natural sphingolipid by ESI-MS/MS. Characteristic product ions were identified for each compound.