Isolation, enzyme-bound structure, and activity of platensimycin A1 from Streptomyces platensis

Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis is emerging as a valuable target for antibacterial agents. Platensimycin and platencin are novel natural products that were reported recently to inhibit the FabF and FabF/FabH condensing enzymes, respectively, present in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway. Selective inhibition of these enzymes by platensimycin and platencin accounts for their potent antibiotic activity. We have continued our quest to find additional members of this class of compounds leading to discovery of platensimycin A₁, a hydroxylated congener. We report herein the isolation, structure, antibacterial and enzymatic activities, and co-crystal structure bound to Escherichia coli FabF. The lower activity of platensimycin A₁ suggests that substitution at C-14 is detrimental for the activity.     

Chemical constituents from Sambucus adnata and their protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activities

The MeOH extract from the whole plants of Sambucus adnata has shown significant protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activity. Chemical study on the extract resulted in the isolation of thirteen compounds, including a novel triterpene (1). The structure of 1 was determined to be 1α,3β-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-11-one-3-yl palmitate on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. Among the isolated compounds, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid and (±)-boehmenan showed the most potent PTP1B inhibitory activity in vitro with the IC(50) values of 4.1, 14.4 and 43.5 μm, respectively. The kinetic analysis indicated that (±)-boehmenan inhibits PTP1B activity in a competitive manner.     

Conduramine F-1 epoxides: synthesis and their glycosidase inhibitory activities

Starting from (±)-7-oxanorbornenone ((±)-14), (±)-(1RS,2RS,3SR,6SR)-6-azidocyclohex-4-en-1,2,3-triol ((±)-24) and (±)-(1RS,2RS,3SR,6RS)-6-azidocyclohex-4-en-1,2,3-triol ((±)-26) were obtained. Epoxidation of the latter cyclohexene derivative gave two epoxides (±)-30 and (±)-31 that were converted into (±)-conduramine F-1 epoxides (±)-10 and (±)-11 and N-substituted derivatives (±)-12 and (±)-13. Compound (±)-(1RS,2SR,3RS,4SR,5RS,6SR)-5-({[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl}amino)-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-2,3,4-triol ((±)-12c) is a good, non-competitive inhibitor of β-xylosidase from Aspergillus niger (K_i=2.2 μM), and (±)-(1RS,2RS,3SR,4RS,5SR,6SR)-5-{[(biphenyl-4-yl)methyl]amino}-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-2,3,4-triol ((±)-13d) is a good inhibitor of α-glucosidase from brewer's yeast (K_i=2.8 μM, non-competitive).     

Isolation,characterization, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of flavonoids from the leaves of Perilla frutescens

Abstract

Phytochemical investigation of the water extract from the leaves of Perilla frutescens (Lamiaceae) led to the isolation of a new flavanone, a new chalcone, and a new aurone, namely, (2S)-5,7-dimethoxy-8,4'-dihydroxyflavanone (1), 2',4'-dimethoxy-4,5',6'-trihydroxychalcone (2), and (Z)-4,6-dimethoxy-7,4'-dihydroxyaurone (3), respectively. The structures were unambiguously elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. And the absolute configuration of 1 was determined by analysis of electronic circular dichroism spectrum. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase in vitro. Among them, 2 showed more potent activity than the positive control allopurinol, a well-known XO inhibitor clinically used for treatment of gout. Lineweaver-Burk transformation of the inhibition kinetics data demonstrated that it was a mixed-type inhibitor.

     

Synthesis,structure, urease inhibitory,and cytotoxic activities of two complexes with protocatechuic acid derivative and phenanthroline

Two complexes, [Cu^II(L¹)(phen)₂](ClO₄) (1) and [Ni^II₂(L¹)₂(phen)₂(MeOH)₂](ClO₄)₂ (2), with HL¹, a ligand derived from protocatechuic acid (=2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine-6-carboxylic acid) and phen (=1,10-phenanthroline) were synthesized and characterized by C, H, and N elemental analysis, UV–vis, FT-IR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, which revealed that 1 is mononuclear and 2 is dinuclear. Both complexes crystallized in monoclinic space group C2/c. The urease inhibitory activity and in vitro cytotoxic activity of 1 and 2 were tested. The complexes showed strong inhibitory activity against jack bean urease and significantly suppressed the growth of A549, L929, and SW620 cell lines.     

Isolation, structure determination, and synthesis of neodysiherbaine A, a new excitatory amino acid from a marine sponge

[structure: see text] A new excitatory amino acid, neodysiherbaine A (2), was isolated as a minor constituent of the aqueous extract from the marine sponge Dysidea herbacea. The structure was deduced by spectroscopic methods and established unambiguously by the total synthesis. The present synthesis, including as a key step cross-coupling of the 6/5-bicyclic core with an amino acid residue, is useful in constructing its structural analogues.     

Total synthesis of rutamycin B, a macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces aureofaciens.

Rutamycin B (2) was synthesized from three principal subunits, spiroketal 75, keto aldehyde 83, and aldehyde 108. First, triol 62 was assembled by Julia coupling of sulfone 56 with aldehyde 58 followed by an acid-catalyzed spiroketalization. The three hydroxyl functions of 62 were successfully differentiated, leading to phosphonate 75. The latter was condensed in a Wadsworth-Emmons reaction with 83, prepared in six steps from (R)-aldehyde 76, to give 92. Coupling of the titanium enolate of 92 with 108 afforded Felkin product 109 with high stereoselectivity in a process that is critically dependent on the presence of the p-methoxybenzyl ether in the aldehyde. Transformation of 109 via aldehyde 116 to vinylboronate 122 was followed by macrocyclization under Suzuki conditions to yield 123. Exhaustive desilylation of the latter yielded rutamycin B.     

Isolation from atelia herbert-smithii pittier (sophoreae,leguminosae) and x-ray structure of cis-1-amino-3-hydroxymethyl-cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid,an achiral non-protein amino acid

barcis-1-Amino-3-hydroxymethyl-cyclobutane-1-carboxylic Acid (1) has been isolated from Atelia herbert-smithii Pittier (Leguminosae) and its structure determined by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic methods. By a study of the 1H NMR spectrum of the crude extract, the relative amount of (I) to that of methanoproline in the plant was shown to be 1 to 1.15.     

Isolation and structure elucidation of two new alkaloids,pandamarilactonine-C and -D,from Pandanus amaryllifolius and revision of relative stereochemistry of pandamarilactonine-A and -B by total synthesis

Two new pyrrolidine alkaloids, pandamarilactonine-C and -D, were isolated from Pandanus amaryllifolius. Based on the total synthesis of pandamarilactonine-C and its related alkaloid, pandamarilactonine-A, the relative stereochemistry of pandamarilactonine-A and -B, which was previously proposed by spectroscopic analysis, was revised.     

Spirodionic acid, a novel metabolite from Streptomyces sp., part 1: structure elucidation and Diels-Alder-type biosynthesis

Spirodionic acid (1), a novel microbial metabolite with a spiro[4.5]decene skeleton, the 6-ethyl-2H-pyrone 5, dihydrosarkomycin (6), and other metabolites were isolated from the strain Streptomyces sp. Tü 6077. Structural elucidation was accomplished by NMR spectroscopic and mass-spectrometric studies, and the biosyntheses of compounds 1, 5, and 6 were investigated by feeding experiments with (13)C-labeled precursors. All results indicate a biogenetic sequence with metabolite 5 and sarkomycin (7) as precursors in the formation of spirocyclus 1 through an intermolecular Diels-Alder-type reaction.     

Isolation, structure, and absolute stereochemistry of platensimycin, a broad spectrum antibiotic discovered using an antisense differential sensitivity strategy

Fatty acids are essential for survival of bacteria and are synthesized by a series of enzymes including the elongation enzymes, beta-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase I/II (FabF/B). Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis is one of the new targets for the discovery and development of antibacterial agents. Platensimycin (1a) is a novel broad spectrum Gram-positive antibiotic produced by Streptomyces platensis. It was discovered by target-based whole-cell screening strategy using antisense differential sensitivity assay. It inhibits bacterial growth by selectively inhibiting condensing enzyme FabF of the fatty acid synthesis pathway and was isolated by a two-step process, a capture step followed by reversed-phase HPLC. The structure was elucidated by 2D NMR methods and confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis of a bromo derivative. It was determined that potential reactivity of the enone moiety does not play a key role in the biological activity of platensimycin. However, cyclohexenone ring conformation renders for the stronger binding interaction with the enzyme. The isolation, structure elucidation, derivatization, and biological activity of 6,7-dihydroplatensimycin are described.     

Structure and semisynthesis of platensimide A, produced by Streptomyces platensis

Platensimycin and platencin are novel natural product antibiotics that inhibit bacterial growth by inhibiting condensing enzymes FabF and FabF/FabH of fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, respectively. Continued search for the natural congeners of these compounds led to the isolation of platensic acid, the free C-17 tetracyclic enoic acid, and platensimide A, a 2,4-diaminobutyric acid amide derivative. Isolation, structure, semisynthesis, and activity of these compounds are described.     

Ba~1~-~xCa~xSn~yTi~1~-~yO~3纳米材料的、合成结构与性能

采用常压水相法,在100℃以下制备了一系列Ba~1~-~xCa~xSn~yTi~1~-~yO~3固溶体纳米粉末(0≤x≤0.5,0≤y≤0.3),经XRD物相分析和d-间距-组成图证明,产品为立方晶系的完全互溶取代固溶体,结果符合Vegard定律。TEM形貌观察,粒子为均匀球形,平均粒径70nm。通过制陶实验,分别测定了该系列固溶体的室温介电常数以及介电常数随温度的变化,结果发现,用软化学方法在BaTiO~3中掺入适量钙和锡,由于掺杂离子均匀进入母体晶格,引起T~c降低,室温介电常数达9800,经BaTiO~3纯相提高6倍,而介电损失却降低50%。     

A simple, efficient, and enantiocontrolled synthesis of a near-structural mimic of platensimycin

A close structural relative of platensimycin was synthesized efficiently in nine steps.     

Stereoselective synthesis and structure of butalactin and lactone II isolated from Streptomyces species

Butalactin (1a) and lactone II (2a) have been synthesized starting from (S)-malic acid and sorbic acid by a straightforward route. The absolute stereochemistry of 1a and 2a was unambiguously established by this synthesis.     

Design, synthesis and inhibitory activities of 8-(substituted styrol-formamido)phenyl-xanthine derivatives on monoamine oxidase B

The design and synthesis of two series of 8-(substituted styrol-formamido)phenyl-xanthine derivatives are described. Their in vitro monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibition were tested and the effect of substituents on the N-7, phenyl and the substituted positions are discussed. It was observed that compound 9b displayed significant MAO-B inhibition activity and selectivity, fluorine substitution plays a key role in the selectivity of MAO-B inhibition, and the styrol-formamido group at position-3' may enhance the activity and selectivity of 8-phenyl-xanthine analogues. These results suggest that such compounds may be utilized for the development of new candidate MAO-B inhibitors for treatment of Parkinson's disease.     

Production and characterization of biosurfactant from marine Streptomyces species B3

The present study demonstrates the production and properties of a biosurfactant isolated from marine Streptomyces species B3. The production of the biosurfactant was found to be higher in medium containing sucrose and lower in the medium containing glycerol. Yeast extract was the best nitrogen source for the production of the biosurfactant. The isolated biosurfactant reduced the surface tension of water to 29 mN/m. The purified biosurfactant was shown critical micelle concentrations of 110 mg/l. The emulsifying activity and stability of the biosurfactant was investigated at different salinities, pH, and temperature. The biosurfactant was effective at very low concentrations over a wide range of temperature, pH, and salt concentration. The purified biosurfactant was shown strong antimicrobial activity. The biosurfactant was produced from the marine Streptomyces sp. using non-hydrocarbon substrates such as sucrose that was readily available and not required extensive purification procedure. Streptomyces species B3 can be used for microbially enhanced oil recovery process.