产品多方面差异下双寡头定位定价模型

建立在同类产品存在多方面差异条件下双寡头企业两阶段动态定位定价博弈模型,在市场中存在不同类型消费者时,求出了使企业利润最大化的子博弈精炼纳什均衡,并深入分析了消费者对两家企业平均偏好效用差(ΔU)和企业的运输成本率(t)对企业定位定价策略的影响.     

有限理性双寡头博弈模型的复杂性分析

以Bowley博弈模型为核心,将寡头的调整速度作为企业的竞争策略,并对该模型Nash均衡点的稳定域进行分析;通过数值仿真把双寡头的策略区域分为均衡区、周期区和混沌区。研究发现双寡头博弈市场中,寡头为了获得更大的利润而不断改变自身产量策略,这是市场出现周期波动、甚至陷入混沌的根本内因.     

电信运营商双寡头定价机制设计

电信市场存在运营商之间的竞争关系,运营商针对异质性消费者的定价机制设计更是直接影响其利润的实现,本文利用机制设计方法,分析了电信运营商的双寡头垄断定价策略,研究发现:(1)运营商的核心利润来源于低类型消费者的总剩余。低类型消费者的消费扭曲来源于运营商提供给高类型消费者过高的信息成本。要想改善低类型消费者的不满和消费扭曲,需要降低对高类型消费者的优惠幅度。(2)电信运营商的最优定价随竞争对手的价格同向变动。(3)电信运营商最优定价与消费者对该运营商的服务体验成正比,与消费者对竞争对手运营商的服务体验成反比。所以,运营商应当不断优化自己网络的服务质量,提高消费者的服务体验,进而才能有涨价的空间。     

基于双边市场理论的金融超市竞争定价策略研究

基于双边市场理论,重点分析金融超市在双寡头垄断情形下的竞争定价策略。即在在一般定价模型的基础上,构建起加入金融超市双边用户交易次数为歧视标准的价格歧视竞争模型。并且围绕金融超市追求长期利益和短期利益两种不同动机,对采取该策略均衡时最终用户的均衡进入价格、金融超市利润和市场份额进行比较分析。最后,给出金融超市实施价格歧视策略的对策和建议。     

随机环境下再制造产品的定价策略研究

再制造产品的定价是逆向供应链中重要的决策问题之一。依据目前我国废旧品回收和再制造的运作机制,在随机环境下建立了以传统生产厂为主导、再制造工厂为从属的Stackelberg博弈模型,分析了新产品与再制造产品的差异定价策略,结合数值算例给出了最优的定价结果。并进一步将模型进行扩展,考虑了二者形成垂直纳什均衡以及存在集成厂商时的情形。研究表明:集成厂商对两种产品的定价最高,系统收益也最大,Stack-elberg情形次之,纳什均衡时最低。     

无标底招标项目中招投标各方的博弈研究

在无标底招标项目中,招投标各方之间存在诸多博弈现象.本文根据项目管理和博弈的方法,对投标方的投标策略和支付函数进行了深入的分析.同时,利用价值效益评价决策的方法建立了招标方的评标计分模型和中标评价模型,并根据招标方的评标偏好性,提出了招标方的评标策略集和中标策略集.最后,对招投标双方的多种博弈现象进行了讨论,提出了双方的纳什均衡策略和不同条件下的双方最优中标策略和最优投标策略.     

汽车生产厂家的定价策略博弈模型

讨论了企业在经营管理中的最优化问题,构建了汽车行业在寡头垄断市场中各厂商之间的定价博弈模型.利用统计学中的多元线性回归模型给出两种不同型号汽车的销售量和价格的经验的需求函数关系式,检验了此模型的拟合优度,对其整体显著性的进行了F检验,并对偏回归系数的显著性进行了t检验,探讨了两寡头垄断企业的产品的需求函数为二元线性函数的伯特兰德模型,获得了其纳什均衡解的一般结论,并给出了某两型号汽车的定价博弈的具体均衡结果.     

双寡头数字平台竞争中基于卖家是否多归属的三级价格歧视

本文建立了一个卖家和买家具有偏好异质性的双寡头数字平台的竞争模型。研究了卖家和买家均可以选择多归属(即加入两家平台)的情况下,平台基于卖家是否选择多归属对其进行三级价格歧视对社会福利以及平台定价策略的影响。研究发现该三级价格歧视会导致卖家剩余增加,但是买家剩余和社会总福利都会降低。主要原因在于价格歧视使双寡头平台对卖家的竞争更激烈,从而降低了平台针对卖家的定价。这种三级价格歧视还会改变平台针对卖家、买家的定价策略,导致倾斜定价现象出现：两家平台针对卖家的定价均降低、针对买家的定价均增加的同时还会使加入两家平台的卖家和买家数量均减少。当卖家和买家非对称或平台提供服务在任意异质性水平时,上述结论具有稳健性。     

一种n人静态博弈纯策略纳什均衡存在性判别法

本首先给出了n人静态博弈纯策略纳什均衡存在的充要条件。然后给出n人静态博弈纯策略纳什均衡存在性的一种判别方法。最后在判别纯策略纳什均衡存在的条件下，给出判定该静态博弈存在多少纯策略纳什均衡以及哪些纯策略组合是纯策略纳什均衡(解)的方法。     

多因素企税博弈模型

建立了一个综合考虑多种因素的企税博弈模型,解得模型的混合纳什均衡点,以及国家税务机关的查税概率公式和骗税罚款系数公式,讨论了各种相关参数对博弈结果的影响,为国家防止偷骗税行为制定合理的税收检查概率和罚款系数提供了可供操作的理论工具,提出了降低企业骗税概率的建议.     

Pareto Optimal Allocation and Price Equilibrium for a Duopoly with Negative Externality

A spatial competition model involving decisions made by consumers and firms is proposed. A regulating agent assigns the demand, taking into account the price, transport and externality cost, and minimizing the joint consumer cost to obtain a Pareto optimal allocation. Assuming the Pareto optimal allocation, firms fix prices in order to maximize the profit. An equilibrium problem is studied and some results are presented. The problem and results are illustrated with an example.     

寡头垄断市场排污收费的政府调控模型

基于完全信息博弈理论,阐述了寡头垄断市场的排污收费古诺模型.建立了具有政府宏观调控机制的博弈模型,并对调控效果进行了分析.     

寡头市场的一类动态博弈模型

首先讨论了寡头垄断市场中n批厂商分批(每批至少有两个以上的厂商)先后进入某行业各批厂商依次且每批同时选择其产量的动态博弈模型的子博弈精练解及其相关结论,探讨了此结论与有关问题的比较分析,并给出此问题的几种特殊情况,说明了此模型的广泛性和实用性.     

Kopel寡头博弈模型的演化分析

利用非线性动力学理论研究了Kopel寡头模型的一类双参数分支情形—1∶4共振.与单参数分支相比,1∶4共振作为单参数分支的退化情形可以描述该双参数分支点邻域内的分支分布问题,利用数值模拟探讨了一些该模型的复杂动力学性质.     

纵向差异化下的双寡头说服性广告竞争

构建了一个纵向差异化下的双寡头说服行广告竞争模型,考查了均衡时双寡头企业的相对市场份额、均衡价格、企业利润及其决定因素,并对其进行比较静态分析,得出了若干有价值的结论,并构造了一个梯形分布的算例来对结论进行了验证.     

Market power analysis in electricity markets using supply function equilibrium model

This paper presents a surveillance method based on the gametheory which is used by the ISO to find whether a power supplierin an electricity market has market power. The paper uses thesupply function equilibrium model to analyse the generationsuppliers’ bidding behaviour and models the ISO's marketpower monitoring problem as a bi-level multi-objective problem.The outer sub-problem is a multi-objective problem which maximizessuppliers’ payoffs, while the inner one is the ISO's marketclearing problem based on the locational marginal pricing mechanism.A discrete method is adopted to find ‘good enough’solutions, in a continuous bidding strategy space, which arethe intersection of all suppliers’ optimal response spacesaccording to Nash equilibrium. The paper utilizes the IEEE 118-bussystem to illustrate the application of the proposed methodwith three suppliers as price setters in the energy market andthe other generators as price takers. The numerical resultsshow that the transmission congestion may enhance the suppliers’ability to exercise market power. Likewise, suppliers’gaming behaviour could relieve the transmission congestion.It is shown that applying price caps is an efficient way ofmitigating market power.     

All Stackelberg Location Equilibria in the Hotelling's Duopoly Model on a Tree with Parametric Prices

The sequential Hotelling's duopoly model on a tree was studied by Eiselt (1992), who developed conditions for the existence of location equilibria when location decisions are nodes and prices are parametric. In this paper, this competition model is also analyzed, but considering that locations for the two firms can be any pair of points on the tree, nodes or points in the edges. First, a condition is given under which both the leader and the follower get a positive profit. In this setting, the problem of finding optimal locations for each of them is studied with different and equal prices. In both cases, the set of optimal locations for the follower is generated for any location of the leader as well as the set of optimal locations for the leader. As a consequence the entire set of Stackelberg solutions to this competition model is obtained.     

Duopoly competition in networks

This paper presents a new approach to modeling competition between firms in network-based industries, i.e. industries where the firms' technology decisions correspond to choices of networks. Industries having this structure include transportation, telecommunications, and some service industries. Competition is studied between two firms who make both network design decisions and price decisions for services. This situation is modeled as a game, an equilibrium solution corresponding to a Nash equilibrium is defined, and properties of the solution are characterized. Necessary and sufficient conditions are shown for equilibrium solutions and existence of equilibrium solutions is demonstrated. Among the results is that each firm will maximize its own profit by minimizing total industry cost of providing services. An example demonstrating results is presented.