一种基于Radon逆变换的半覆盖螺旋锥束CT重建算法

半覆盖螺旋锥束计算机断层成像能够扩展传统螺旋锥束计算机断层成像的成像视野, 实现小面板探测器成像超视野物体. 但是, 各角度下的投影都存在数据截断, 会使重建结果中产生截断伪影, 降低图像质量. 本文提出了一种基于Radon逆变换的半覆盖螺旋锥束重建算法, 该算法在滤波时先使用局部算子, 再使用全局算子. 局部算子不受数据截断的影响, 并且降低了运算后的值由于数据截断所造成的不连续性, 因此, 减少了随后全局运算产生的截断误差. 仿真和实际实验结果均验证了本文算法的有效性. 和现有算法的对比也表明, 本文算法针对半覆盖螺旋锥束投影具有更强的截断伪影抑制能力, 能够有效提高重建图像的质量.     

螺旋锥束计算机断层成像倾斜扇束反投影滤波局部重建算法

螺旋锥束计算机断层成像(CT)作为常用的临床诊断工具,如何尽可能地减少其辐射剂量是热点研究领域之一.局部成像利用准直器减小射线直照区域,能够有效降低CT辐射剂量.然而,局部成像会造成投影数据横向截断,产生局部重建问题.现有螺旋反投影滤波(BPF)算法只能实现局部曲面重建,难以实现局部体区域重建.在圆轨迹扇束BPF算法的基础上,通过加权修正和坐标扩展,提出了螺旋锥束CT倾斜扇束反投影滤波(TFB-BPF)重建算法.该算法把重建区域按层划分,对各层构建倾斜的扇形束几何,并使用经过加权修正的TFB-BPF算法逐层进行重建.该算法最大的优势是滤波线(与原始螺旋锥束BPF算法中PI线等价)在二维平面内选择,算法更加简洁高效,并且能够应用于局部体区域的重建.实验结果表明,算法能够有效重建物体局部体区域,并且重建图像质量较好,没有明显的截断伪影.     

基于最小区域的锥束ART算法快速图像重建

针对锥束ART算法重建速度慢的问题,考虑到工业CT重建目标尺寸差异较大的特点,提出了一种基于最小重建区域的快速三维图像重建方法。由不同视角下的锥束投影构建最小区域包络,对最小区域包络进行膨胀处理,以消除重建目标边界附近所出现的伪影,在此基础上,给出了射线穿过最小重建区域的体素索引及权因子的计算。该方法能够根据重建目标的尺寸自适应地确定最小重建区域,从而最大限度地减少了计算量。实验结果表明,该方法不仅大幅度提高了锥束ART算法的重建速度,而且有效地提高了重建质量。     

Beam hardening correction for a cone-beam CT system and its effect on spatial resolution

In this paper, we present a beam hardening correction (BHC) method in three-dimension space for a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) system in a mono-material case and investigate its effect on the spatial resolution. Due to the polychromatic character of the X-ray spectrum used, cupping and streak artifacts called beam hardening artifacts arise in the reconstructed CT images, causing reduced image quality. In addition, enhanced edges are introduced in the reconstructed CT images because of the beam hardening effect. The spatial resolution of the CBCT system is calculated from the edge response function (ERF) on different planes in space. Thus, in the CT images with beam hardening artifacts, enhanced ERFs will be extracted to calculate the modulation transfer function (MTF), obtaining a better spatial resolution that deviates from the real value. Reasonable spatial resolution can be obtained after reducing the artifacts. The 10% MTF value and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the point spread function with and without BHC are presented.     

一种圆轨迹锥束CT中截断投影数据的高效重建算法

本文基于数据重排方法, 提出了T-BPF (Tent-BPF)算法, 该算法先将锥束投影数据重排成平行投影数据, 然后使用一种推导的BPF型算法重建重排后的平行投影数据. T-BPF算法将原BPF算法反投影中变化的角度积分限变成固定的, 反投影中各层循环之间没有了相关性, 这意味着T-BPF算法较原BPF算法具有更好的可并行性. 实验结果显示: 使用GPU对256³的Shepp-Logan体模的图像重建进行并行加速, T-BPF算法在保证重建质量的前提下, 加速比达到了1036, 较原BPF算法有很大提升. T-BPF算法为截断投影数据的3D图像快速重建提供了方法. 关键词： X射线光学 CT 图像重建 GPU     

Fast parallel algorithm for three-dimensional distance-driven model in iterative computed tomography reconstruction

The projection matrix model is used to describe the physical relationship between reconstructed object and projection.Such a model has a strong influence on projection and backprojection,two vital operations in iterative computed tomographic reconstruction.The distance-driven model(DDM) is a state-of-the-art technology that simulates forward and back projections.This model has a low computational complexity and a relatively high spatial resolution;however,it includes only a few methods in a parallel operation with a matched model scheme.This study introduces a fast and parallelizable algorithm to improve the traditional DDM for computing the parallel projection and backprojection operations.Our proposed model has been implemented on a GPU(graphic processing unit) platform and has achieved satisfactory computational efficiency with no approximation.The runtime for the projection and backprojection operations with our model is approximately 4.5 s and 10.5 s per loop,respectively,with an image size of 256×256×256 and 360 projections with a size of 512×512.We compare several general algorithms that have been proposed for maximizing GPU efficiency by using the unmatched projection/backprojection models in a parallel computation.The imaging resolution is not sacrificed and remains accurate during computed tomographic reconstruction.     

基于卷积法TV模型的锥束CT散射校正方法

为了解决CT图像中散射伪影问题,提出并使用修正的泊松分布函数作为散射函数,然后利用卷积模型生成多个散射基图像,将基图像与原始重建图像的线性组合作为最终重建图像,最后,通过使重建图像的全变分函数最小求取线性组合系数最优解。该算法具有计算复杂度小、能够灵活应用于不同的成像对象的特点。实验结果表明,算法能够有效抑制散射导致的杯状和黑色带状伪影,提高图像对比度。     

基于锥束CT序列图像的三维缺陷检测方法

根据锥束CT序列图像各向同性及缺陷实体在序列图像层间位移和变化较小的特点,提出了一种适合锥束CT序列图像的三维缺陷检测方法。首先结合多目标跟踪思想,利用三维连通区域标记算法提取三维缺陷实体,并建立缺陷对应关系哈希表,以解决缺陷检测中目标轨迹的分叉;然后根据噪声目标的固有特性,对虚假缺陷信息进行有效删除,最终可获得真实缺陷目标实体,缺陷提取精度可达到像素。通过对空心涡轮叶片蜡模锥束CT图像进行实验,结果表明。该方法能准确地提取有较强噪声影响的序列图像的三维缺陷。     

锥束射线三维大视场工业CT成像方法研究

基于FDK重建算法和圆轨道锥束扫描的三维ICT(industrial computed tomography)因算法的简洁性和工程实现的可行性已成为目前主要的3D-ICT成像技术。由于受探测器长度的限制,该技术的扫描视场小,所以可检构件尺寸受到限制。为解决较大尺寸构件3D-ICT的检测问题,讨论了一种仅需旋转检台偏置的大视场3D-ICT成像方法,推导了基于FDK原理的滤波反投影(filter back-projection,FBP)重建算法。计算机模拟和实验结果证明了该技术的正确性。分析表明,其水平方向的有效扫描视野比基于FDK的圆轨道锥束扫描三维CT提高了80%以上。     

层析成像图像重建算法综述

介绍了层析成像技术的图像重建算法,并从正向问题数学模型的简化和反向问题数学模型的映射结构的角度比较了各种算法的特点和优劣。研究表明:用本质是线性算法的各种变换方法重建图像存在严重失真,而卷积滤波的引入可以使变换方法的重建效果有所改善;基于导数搜索的迭代算法对初始值依赖性强、收敛速度慢并且容易陷入局部最优解;基于Fourier变换的方法具有本质的局限性;小波变换则可以同时刻画图像时域和频域的细节特征;有限元法通过重建对象像素的智能划分可以简化正问题的复杂性;而具有物理背景的蒙特卡罗法、模拟退火法、遗传算法、粒子滤波法及神经网络法更适合于复杂且非线性的图像重建;智能化、仿生化、并行化以及各种算法的融合是层析成像图像重建算法的发展趋势。     

锥束CT平板探测器成像的余晖建模与校正方法

锥束CT具有高效率和高精度的显著特点, 在医学成像与工业无损检测等领域已得到广泛应用, 但余晖的存在降低了CT图像的质量. 本文借鉴余晖多指数衰减模型的思想, 结合平板探测器输出信号的实际衰减规律, 提出了一种新的基于多指数拟合的余晖衰减建模及校正方法. 首先进行了基于平板探测器的锥束CT成像实验, 结果表明平板探测器各像素的余晖衰减规律具有良好的一致性, 且余晖衰减规律与初始灰度的大小无关; 其后根据建立的余晖衰减模型实现了余晖的快速校正, 并分析比较了余晖校正前后投影图像和切片图像质量, 表明余晖校正后的零件轮廓清晰度得到了显著提升. 该方法无需获取探测器闪烁体成分及其衰减时间常数, 便于实际锥束CT成像系统的余晖检测与校正. 关键词： 余晖 平板探测器 锥束CT 多指数衰减     

An algorithm for computed tomography image reconstruction from limited-view projections

<正>With the development of the compressive sensing theory,the image reconstruction from the projections viewed in limited angles is one of the hot problems in the research of computed tomography technology.This paper develops an iterative algorithm for image reconstruction,which can fit most cases.This method gives an image reconstruction flow with the difference image vector,which is based on the concept that the difference image vector between the reconstructed and the reference image is sparse enough.Then the l_2-norm minimization method is used to reconstruct the difference vector to recover the image for flat subjects in limited angles.The algorithm has been tested with a thin planar phantom and a real object in limited-view projection data.Moreover,all the studies showed the satisfactory results in accuracy at a rather high reconstruction speed.     

Optimization-based image reconstruction in x-ray computed tomography by sparsity exploitation of local continuity and nonlocal spatial self-similarity

The additional sparse prior of images has been the subject of much research in problems of sparse-view computed tomography(CT) reconstruction. A method employing the image gradient sparsity is often used to reduce the sampling rate and is shown to remove the unwanted artifacts while preserve sharp edges, but may cause blocky or patchy artifacts.To eliminate this drawback, we propose a novel sparsity exploitation-based model for CT image reconstruction. In the presented model, the sparse representation and sparsity exploitation of both gradient and nonlocal gradient are investigated.The new model is shown to offer the potential for better results by introducing a similarity prior information of the image structure. Then, an effective alternating direction minimization algorithm is developed to optimize the objective function with a robust convergence result. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations have been carried out both on the simulation and real data in terms of accuracy and resolution properties. The results indicate that the proposed method can be applied for achieving better image-quality potential with the theoretically expected detailed feature preservation.     

A new method to determine the projected coordinate origin of a cone-beam CT system using elliptical projection

In order to determine the projected coordinate origin in the cone-beam CT scanning system with respect to the Feldkamp-Davis-Kress(FDK)algorithm,we propose a simple yet feasible method to accurately measure the projected coordinate origin.This method was established on the basis of the theory that the projection of a spherical object in the cone-beam field is an ellipse.We first utilized image processing and the least square estimation method to get each major axis of the elliptical Digital Radiography(DR)projections of a group of spherical objects.Then we determined the intersection point of the group of major axis by solving an over-determined equation set that was composed by the major axis equations of all the elliptical projections.Based on the experimental results,this new method was proved to be easy to implement in practical scanning systems with high accuracy and anti-noise capability.     

三维物体多重菲涅耳计算全息水印与无干扰可控重建方法

提出了一种基于三维物体的多重菲涅耳计算全息水印方法.将水印信号作为虚拟三维物体的层面,首先结合分区复用层析法和菲涅耳双随机相位编码方法产生复噪声形式的水印信号;然后对水印信号的频谱作共轭对称处理实现实值编码;为减小对宿主全息图数字重建的影响,将水印信号的频谱设置于对宿主数字重建影响小的频谱非感兴趣区域;编码后的信号以一定强度叠加于宿主全息图,水印信号恢复无需原始宿主全息图信息,可实现盲提取,对宿主全息图重建像面的二维码可扫描识别.仿真测试结果表明,所提出的方法具有较好的透明性和稳健性,在宿主全息图遭受滤波、JPEG(联合图像专家小组)压缩、高斯噪声、剪切、旋转等各种攻击的情况下,不论对宿主还是水印信号仍具有良好的数字重建质量,对重建像面的二维码仍可扫描识别;而重建像面水印信号的无干扰可控重建后处理操作解决了不同层面水印信号之间的衍射干扰问题,提高了水印信号的重建质量.虚拟光学手段的应用丰富了水印信号设计方法并提升了算法的安全性.     

扇束X射线ICT偏置扫描方式及其重构算法

对于较大尺寸构件ICT检测,为了避免采用费时的二代扫描,讨论了一种基于三代扫描的偏置扫描方式,推导了它的FBP重构算法。计算机模拟和实验结果证明了该算法的正确性。分析表明,在射线有效扇束角和探测器长度、位置不变的情况下,它的有效扫描视野在三代扫描的1.9倍以上。     

小波分析在层析图像重构中的应用研究

小波分析作为一种非平稳信号分析方法,具有良好的时（ 空）、频局部化特性和多分辨率特性。介绍了小波分析的基本原理和应用,引入小波分析进行图像重构,利用小波分解后得到的多分辨率的稀疏矩阵表示,设计了一迭代重构算法。通过计算机仿真试验,验证了小波分析在计算层析（ＣＴ） 成像光谱技术中能够应用于图像重构,并证实了小波分析的迭代重构算法是稳定、多分辨率和快速收敛的。     

Three-dimensional holographic reconstruction of two-dimensional image information from serial sections and its applications in biomedicine

An experimental study to synthesize holographically two-dimensional projections of serial sections at various depths into three-dimensional images is described. The effects caused by the position, size and resolution of virtual images during reconstruction are analysed, and the advantages and limitations of this method are discussed. An application of this experimental method — the three-dimensional reconstruction of serial sections of a newt embryo — is presented.     

基于单幅图像大尺寸实际平面上的光点定位方法

 为满足某地面实验中视觉测量系统的研制需求,研究了一种基于单幅图像的大尺寸实际平面上光点的定位方法。通过建立关于实际平面上光点3D坐标的数学模型,结合利用图像确定的通过光点的空间光束,实现了由单幅图像确定光点的3D坐标。依据具体特点,把实际平面分为高阶曲面型、分块平面型和分块曲面型3种类型,并分别给出了相应类型的光点定位方法。仿真实验验证了所提出方法的正确性,并比较分析了方法的精确性;实际试验数据表明,所提出方法可以满足尺寸为8000mm×8000mm的大型实际平面上光点的定位需求,定位误差小于1mm。     

改进的同步迭代算法在光声血管成像中的应用

光声成像结合了光学成像和声学成像的优点，是一种高分辨率，高对比度的无损伤医学成像技术.一种改进的同步迭代算法应用于光声图像重建.仿真和模拟结果表明，与传统的代数迭代算法相比，在90°，135°，180°的有限场光声成像中，此算法对测量误差的校正和迭代次数的收敛上具有较大的优势，图像重建的速度和成像质量都有了明显的提高.实验中，一种圆形扫描结构的光声成像装置，用于180°的有限场扫描，利用改进的同步迭代算法，重建出了高对比度和高分辨率（60μm）的鸡胚胎光声血管图像.实验证明，这种算法的应用，大幅度减少了数据采集时间，为光声成像技术运用于实时监测血流灌注和肿瘤光动力治疗的血管损伤效应提供了潜在的应用价值. 关键词： 光声成像 有限角度 代数迭代算法 光声血管成像