Particle beam optics and the physics of accelerators

This paper discusses the search for neutrino oscillations as a probe for the possibility of small neutrino masses. None of the experiments provides definitive evidence for neutrino mass, but there is a strong indication of a mass from the study of neutrinos from the Sun. If non-zero neutrino masses are definitely confirmed, it would have important implications for particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology.     

Speckle-metric-optimization-based adaptive optics for laser beam projection and coherent beam combining

Maximization of a projected laser beam's power density at a remotely located extended object (speckle target) can be achieved by using an adaptive optics (AO) technique based on sensing and optimization of the target-return speckle field's statistical characteristics, referred to here as speckle metrics (SM). SM AO was demonstrated in a target-in-the-loop coherent beam combining experiment using a bistatic laser beam projection system composed of a coherent fiber-array transmitter and a power-in-the-bucket receiver. SM sensing utilized a 50 MHz rate dithering of the projected beam that provided a stair-mode approximation of the outgoing combined beam's wavefront tip and tilt with subaperture piston phases. Fiber-integrated phase shifters were used for both the dithering and SM optimization with stochastic parallel gradient descent control.     

轴棱锥产生无衍射光束自再现特性的几何光学分析

由几何光学方法分析轴棱锥产生无衍射光束自再现特性,很好地解释了无衍射光束自再现的形成原理.在菲涅耳近似条件下,利用菲涅耳衍射理论可以对光传输进行很好地描述;而光束经过障碍物后的很小距离内,菲涅耳衍射近似条件已不满足,衍射理论不再适合描述光束的传输特性,这时可以利用几何光学分析光束传输特性.首先从几何光学角度对轴棱锥产生无衍射光束的自再现特性进行了详细的描述,并对光束传输进行仿真,最后通过实验验证轴棱锥产生无衍射光束的自再现特性,实验结果与理论分析相符合. 关键词： 无衍射光束 几何光学 轴棱锥 自再现     

Design of proton beam optics to realize beam distribution transformation in C-ADS HTBT

The linac to the transmuter beam transport line (LTBT) connecting the end of the linac to the spallation target is a critical sub-system in the accelerator driven system (ADS). It has the function of transporting the accel-erated high power proton beam to the target with a beam footprint satisfying the special requirements of the minor actinide (MA) transmuter. In this paper, a preliminary conceptual design of the hurling magnet to transmuter beam transport section (HTBT), as a part of the LTBT, for the China ADS (C-ADS) system is proposed and developed. In this design, a novel hurling magnet with a two dimensional amplitude modulation (AM) of 1 kHz and scanning of more than 10 kHz at 360 in transverse directions is used to realize a 300 mm diameter uniform distribution of beam on target. The preliminary beam optics design of C-ADS HTBT optimized to minimize the beam loss on the vacuum chamber and the radiation damage caused by back-scattering neutrons will be reported.     

Remote nano-optical beam focusing lens by illusion optics

In this paper, as a new application of illusion optics, a nano-optical plasmonic focusing lens structure is proposed to manipulate the light remotely by employing illusion optics theory. Plasmonic nano-optic lenses that enable super-focusing beyond the diffraction limit have been proposed as an alternative to the conventional dielectric-based refractive lenses. In the presence of an illusion device, the electromagnetic plane-waves can penetrate into a metal layer and a clear focus appears. When the illusion device is removed, waves are blocked to transmit through the metal wall. In comparison with conventional methods, our proposed method avoids any physical changes or damages in the original structure. The proposed structure can be realized by isotropic layered materials, using effective medium theory. The special feature of the proposed structure and the device concepts introduced in this work gives it an opportunity to be used as a flexible element in ultrahigh nano-scale integrated circuits for miniaturization and tuning purposes.     

光束通过硬边光阑光学系统变换的改进算法

使用傅里叶级数与有限个复高斯函数之和的乘积作为硬边光阑的窗口函数的近似式,提出了含硬边光阑近轴ABCD光学系统对光束变换的改进算法。以高斯光束的变换为例,推导出了一个表示为初等函数之和的近似解析传输公式。给出了数值计算结果,并与直接积分Collins公式和使用Wen方法的结果作了比较。研究表明,改进算法能兼顾计算精度和机时,并能用于远场和近场。而使用Wen方法时,在近场（小于0.12倍菲涅尔距离）有明显误差。     

变焦距投影光学系统中的远心光路设计

介绍了含有棱镜系统的数字光处理器（DLP）投影仪连续变焦距远心镜头的设计。通过对DLP投影镜头与数字微反射镜器件之间的全反射棱镜系统进行分析，发现采用像方远心光路设计方法，可使投影系统产生的杂光大大减少。进一步研究变焦距系统远心光路的结构特征，得出了使系统在整个变焦过程中都处于远心位置的光阑轴向位移方程。借助给光阑固联一个透镜（与补偿组共同补偿变倍组）所产生的像面移动，得到了变焦曲线平缓、光焦度分配均匀且成像质量较好的投影镜头。     

Automatic compensation of laser beam focusing parameters for flying optics

Flying optics technologies are used for a range of applications such as a large workpiece processing and laser texturing. It is essential to compensate the variations of laser beam focus parameters while the focus head is moving. A flying optics automatic compensation approach is proposed to achieve invariable laser focal size, focus depth and focus position through computer controlled objective lens and focus lens position. A simple mechanical control method is also presented for the realization of constant beam parameters for flying optics. Numerical simulation is illustrated for a CO₂ laser texturing application. The flying optics parameters compensation is simple and easy to control.     

Two-dimensional hard x-ray beam compression by combined focusing and waveguide optics

A two-dimensionally confining x-ray channel waveguide structure is combined with a high gain Kirkpatrick-Baez prefocusing mirror system yielding a hard x-ray beam with a cross section of 25 x 47 nm(2) (FWHM). Unlike the previously employed resonant beam coupling scheme, the incoming beam is coupled in from the front side of the waveguide and the waveguided beam is no longer accompanied by spurious reflected or transmitted beams. The field distribution in the waveguide channel has been calculated numerically. The calculated transmission and far-field intensity pattern are in good agreement with the experimental results.     

Practices and Standards for Data and Processing at the APS

The handling of datasets at scientific user facilities is becoming progressively more challenging as advances in sources and detectors drive increasingly aggressive data acquisition rates. The ability to share and process these data depends on the ability of the originator of the data and the persons making use of that data to unequivocally agree on what these data mean. This understanding is driven by use of standardized data formats.     

航空高度FPGA单粒子翻转飞行实验及失效分析

随着微电子工艺的发展,小尺寸、高密度及低电压的器件越来越多地应用于航空电子设备。许多科研人员发现高层大气及外太空的带电粒子带来的粒子辐射会对航空电子器件产生严重的影响。基于民用航空局方的要求,鉴于机载设备对单粒子翻转效应的隐患以及航空机载设备国产化的迫切需求,开展FPGA器件用于机载电子设备可能遭遇的单粒子翻转效应的风险问题研究。分析了主流FPGA在航空飞行高度的飞行实验数据,进一步论证其是否满足民用航空的需求。大量数据的分析结果证明,以当下主流FPGA芯片的工艺尺寸、工作电压的条件,单粒子翻转效应是一个不容忽视的问题。即便是航空飞行高度甚至是地面高度,FPGA芯片因单粒子翻转导致失效也是无法满足民用航空设备的安全性要求。     

基于自适应光学技术控制光束近场场强

在双变形镜自适应光学系统中,需要主激光出射时与信标光的振幅分布一致、相位共轭,当主激光到达目标时光波的分布与目标上发射的信标光光波分布相同,主激光的振幅和相位都得到校正。根据双变形镜自适应光学技术的概念,提出一种基于自适应光学技术控制光束近场场强的方法,从而实验验证双变形镜技术的可行性。该方法利用哈特曼传感器探测到的波前信息,对变形镜进行控制,实现了对光束近场场强的控制。仿真结果表明该系统对光束近场强度能进行较好地校正,使校正前后光束振幅的残余均方差值从0.310 0降为0.052 2,同时实验也验证了这种方法的可行性。     

基于自适应光学技术控制光束近场场强

在双变形镜自适应光学系统中,需要主激光出射时与信标光的振幅分布一致、相位共轭,当主激光到达目标时光波的分布与目标上发射的信标光光波分布相同,主激光的振幅和相位都得到校正。根据双变形镜自适应光学技术的概念,提出一种基于自适应光学技术控制光束近场场强的方法,从而实验验证双变形镜技术的可行性。该方法利用哈特曼传感器探测到的波前信息,对变形镜进行控制,实现了对光束近场场强的控制。仿真结果表明该系统对光束近场强度能进行较好地校正,使校正前后光束振幅的残余均方差值从0.310 0降为0.052 2,同时实验也验证了这种方法的可行性。     

Laser beam cleanup using improved model-based wavefront sensorless adaptive optics

An improved model-based wavefront sensorless adaptive optics algorithm is proposed for laser beam cleanup.Deformable mirror(DM) eigenmodes are used to replace traditional Lukosz modes in order to avoid DM fitting errors. The traditional method is based on a sophisticated calibration process and solving linear equations. In our method, coefficients of DM eigenmodes are estimated by adding bidirectional modal biases into the system and then solving parabolic equations. The calibration process is omitted in our method, which makes it more feasible.From simulation and experimental results, the corrective accuracy of the improved method is higher than the traditional one.     

BEPCⅡ LINAC束流光学匹配及轨道校正计算研究

 北京正负电子对撞机直线注入器(BEPCⅡ LINAC)的升级改进要求建立束流光学匹配计算和轨道校正系统，为此对束流光学匹配计算和轨道校正计算的方法进行了研究，并采用VC++语言编写了相应的程序，利用最小二乘法原理进行了束流光学匹配计算，模拟了束流轨道校正，取得了较为理想的结果。     

Optical characterization and laser damage of fused silica optics after ion beam sputtering

The sputtering process of fused silica bombarded by Ar ion beam is simulated with the SRIM software. The effects of ion beam energy and incident angle on sputtering yield and surface damage are computed. Since ion beam sputtering will result in defects in fused silica, such as E′ color centers and other lattice defects and probably Argon bubbles, the optimized sputtering energy is selected below 1 keV so that the projected range of Ar ions is less than 10 Å. The experimental results show that the scratches in subsurface of fused silica can be smoothed obviously and better surface can be obtained as the optimized parameters are used for ion beam sputtering. The laser induced damage threshold of fused silica increases by about 18% after ion beam sputtering.     

胶粘光学元件的热应力和变形分析

由于光学元件和装配材料热膨胀系数的不匹配,在环境温度变化时会导致光学元件中产生热应力,并引起光学元件表面产生变形,影响光学系统的性能.针对光学元件的粘接固定方式讨论了连续边缘粘接引起的热应力和变形的分析方程,得出连续边缘粘接无热厚度的解析方程.采用有限元分析软件对胶粘固定光学元件进行了建模和热应力分析,得出光学元件边界...     

Workshop on high energy X-ray scattering at the APS

SPring-8 has been successfully increasing the use of its cutting-edge facilities by industrial researchers and continuously improving the system for supporting new users when carrying out experiments. The most important factor contributing to this success is the synchronicity of both the appointment of new staff and the implementation of new propulsion programs. As a result, nearly 300 research proposals were accepted in 2006 from industries in various fields, such as electronics, materials, life science, energy and the environment, and the beamtime assigned to industrial use was about 20% of the total user beamtime.     

Coherent beam combination of an optical array using adaptive fiber optics collimators

A novel adaptive-fiber-optics-collimator (AFOC) compensating both piston-type and tip/tilt-type phase errors of output beam is introduced, and has been employed in experiments of coherent beam combination (CBC) of a delta distributed fiber array. Feedback control is realized using stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) algorithm. Excellent CBC effect has been achieved when piston and tip/tilt errors among beamlets corrected. The necessity of wavefront tip/tilt control in CBC is verified. Experimental results exhibit great potential applications of this kind of AFOC in fiber amplifier arrays.     

Wiggler聚焦带状注速调管电子光学系统的设计

带状注速调管可以在高频段实现高功率微波输出,电子光学系统是带状注速调管的关键部件。阐述了Wiggler双平面聚焦理论,设计了新型椭圆形柱面阴极和椭圆形聚焦极结构,阴极曲率半径为17 mm,长轴10 mm,短轴4 mm;聚焦极长轴28.8 mm,短轴10.4 mm。采用这种结构可以直接产生椭圆形带状电子注,且阴极发射电流密度较为均匀。设计了周期长度为8 mm,总长度为108 mm,中间带有凹槽并可以实现双平面聚焦的Wiggler结构,模拟显示电子注填充因子在75%左右,通过率达到100%。设计了新型的菱形收集极结构,电子轨迹在收集极内发散均匀。