集成式光读出FPA红外成像系统设计

本文对读出原理、像差要求、图谱质量进行深入研究,进而对读出技术进行深度整合与简化,实现光读出FPA红外成像系统小型化、轻量化、集成化。首先,从FPA的热-机械效应出发,介绍了光读出FPA红外成像系统的工作原理;然后,针对通常采用的光读出FPA红外成像系统体积大、重量大、结构复杂缺陷,提出了高集成度的新型光读出系统;接着,在分析讨论读出光路像差容限、特点的基础上,对以异形棱镜为核心元件的光读出系统进行了具体的光学仿真设计;最后,设计了集光、机、电、软技术的集成式光读出FPA红外成像系统。对系统样机测试结果表明:在确保成像性能的前提下,光读出FPA红外成像系统的体积减小到175 mm×83 mm×105 mm。以异形棱镜为核心元件的光读出技术,在满足成像精度和灵敏度的前提下,可减小读出系统的复杂程度,有效降低了光读出FPA红外成像系统的体积和重量,从而促进光读出FPA成像系统的工业化应用。     

X射线同轴相衬成像的参数优化系统

通过对具有2维高斯型相位分布特征的物体的X射线同轴相衬成像技术进行理论分析,建立了成像系统参数优化系统。优化系统明确了图像衬度、信噪比、分辨力和探测器抽样数等成像质量评价参数对射线源能量、源焦斑尺寸、探测器分辨力、成像几何和物体结构特性等系统参数的依赖关系。采用数值模拟,分别对亚微焦点源、激光驱动微焦点源和同步辐射源3种X射线源下的成像系统相关参数进行了优化。结果表明,优化系统很好地完成了系统的优化工作。     

Design of the readout electronics for the DAMPE Silicon Tracker detector

The Silicon Tracker (STK) is one of the detectors of the DAMPE satellite used to measure the incidence direction of high energy cosmic rays. It consists of 6 X-Y double layers of silicon micro-strip detectors with 73728 readout channels. It is a great challenge to read out the channels and process the huge volume of data in the harsh environment of space. 1152 Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) and 384 ADCs are used to read out the detector channels. 192 Tracker Front-end Hybrid (TFH) modules and 8 identical Tracker Readout Board (TRB) modules are designed to control and digitalize the front signals. In this paper, the design of the readout electronics for the STK and its performance are presented in detail.     

便携式脉冲X射线成像系统研究

便携式脉冲X射线成像系统主要由脉冲X射线源、数字化记录系统和笔记本电脑组成。主要介绍了系统的硬件(脉冲源和图像采集控制卡)和应用软件的设计过程。这种便携式脉冲X射线成像系统具有剂量小、重量轻和成像质量高,目前已应用到公安系统的安全检查等部门。     

Online optimization for optical readout of a single electron spin in diamond

The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond has been developed as a promising platform for quantum sensing, especially for magnetic field measurements in the nano-tesla range with a nano-meter resolution. Optical spin readout performance has a direct effect on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of experiments. In this work, we introduce an online optimization method to customize the laser waveform for readout. Both simulations and experiments reveal that our new scheme optimizes the optically detected magnetic resonance in NV center. The SNR of optical spin readout has been witnessed a 44.1% increase in experiments. In addition, we applied the scheme to the Rabi oscillation experiment, which shows an improvement of 46.0% in contrast and a reduction of 12.1% in mean deviation compared to traditional constant laser power SNR optimization. This scheme is promising to improve sensitivities for a wide range of NV-based applications in the future.     

Silicon photomultiplier readout system for the ECAL in the PEBS and test results from the system

Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) have remarkable advantages for use in photo-detection. Compared with PMT, SiPM shows advantages of high gain, excellent time resolution, insensitivity to magnetic fields and a lower operating voltage. SiPMs from Hamamatsu are used in the electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) sub-detector in the Positron Electron Balloon Spectrometer (PEBS) experiment, a balloon-borne spectrometer experiment aiming at the precise measurement of the cosmic-ray positron fraction. This paper introduces the evaluation and test results of several SiPM detector types, the dedicated front-end application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) electronics and the design of the data acquisition system (DAQ) system.     

多个CCD交汇测量系统的理论研究

本文介绍了采用多个线阵ＣＣＤ 组成交汇测量系统的基本原理,导出了测量坐标的计算公式,并利用有关的误差理论对该方法的测量精度进行了详细分析。研究结果表明,多个ＣＣＤ 交汇测量系统能够得到较高的目标捕获几率,同时还能有效地提高坐标测量精度。对大靶面、高速小目标物体的精密测量具有重要意义     

高能X射线工业CT数据传输系统的设计

 针对高能X射线工业CT的特点,开发了基于USB2.0的数据传输系统。该传输系统主要包括USB2.0接口部分和传输控制部分。USB2.0接口部分使用Cypress公司的EZ-USB FX2系列CY7C68013A芯片,配置为从属FIFO接口模式,通过块传输方式将数据传送给上位机。传输控制部分使用Altera公司Cyclone系列EP1C6Q240C8N芯片,定义缓冲区接收来自探测部分的数据,产生逻辑控制信号和时序信号,发送数据到USB的端点缓冲区。测试表明该传输系统易于扩展,占用系统资源少,传输速率高,满足高能X射线工业CT数据传输的要求。     

A prototype scalable readout system for micro-pattern gas detectors

A scalable readout system(SRS) is designed to provide a general solution for different micro-pattern gas detectors in various applications.The system mainly consists of three kinds of modules:the ASIC card,the adapter card and the front-end card(FEC).The ASIC cards,mounted with particular ASIC chips,are designed for receiving detector signals.The adapter card is in charge of digitizing the output signals from several ASIC cards.The PEC,edged-mounted with the adapter,has field-programmable gate array(FPGA)-based reconfigurable logic and I/O interfaces,allowing users to choose different ASIC cards and adapters for different experiments,which expands the system to various applications.The FEC transfers data through Gigabit Ethernet protocol realized by a TCP processor(SiTCP) IP core in FPGA.By assembling a flexible number of FECs in parallel through Gigabit Ethernet,the readout system can be tailored to specific sizes to adapt to the experiment scales and readout requirements.In this paper,two kinds of multi-channel ASIC chip,VA140 and AGET,are applied to verify the scalability of this SRS architecture.Based on this VA140 or AGET SRS,one FEC covers 8 ASIC(VA140) cards handling 512 detector channels,or 4 ASIC(AGET) cards handling 256 detector channels,respectively.More FECs can be assembled in crates to handle thousands of detector channels.     

高能X射线工业CT扫描运动控制系统设计

 分析了高能X射线工业CT扫描运动控制系统的作用,提出了扫描运动控制系统的组成方案。控制系统由工业控制计算机、计数卡、控制卡、伺服驱动器、伺服电机、工作平台、光栅和控制软件组成。研究了在Windows驱动程序模式（WDM）下,控制系统设备驱动程序的组成。以运动控制卡为例,研究了开发控制系统设备驱动程序的方法,并分析了设备驱动程序和用户程序交互的过程。通过编写WDM驱动程序,实现了对高能X射线工业CT扫描运动系统的实时控制。实验结果表明,开发的扫描运动控制系统,可靠性和实时性满足要求。     

Pixels array matching for optical readout microcantilever array sensing system

An approach based on pixels array matching is proposed for optical readout bimaterial microcantilever focal plane array (FPA) sensing system, by which the CCD's pixel array can match the low resolution FPA properly. Compared with the old method, it has the following three advantages: (1) reduces the impact on the infrared imaging quality due to the bending deformation of the microcantilever pixels; (2) decreases the background noise and lower the infrared imaging system's noise equivalent temperature difference; (3) increases the imaging system's frame rate. A microcantilever FPA infrared imaging system with a programmable smart camera was developed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. In addition, the approach can be applied to a similar optical readout micro-array sensing system whose resolution is lower than the CCD.     

Design of the photomultiplier tube bases for high dynamic range readout in WCDA

The photomultiplier tube (PMT) used in the water Cherenkov detector array (WCDA) of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) requires a good single photoelectron (SPE) spectrum and a charge dynamic range from 1 to 4000 photoelectrons. In this paper, the bases design and improvement of the photomultiplier tube R5912 are presented. The results show that at the gain of 2.6 × 10~6 , the anode output has a good single photoelectron spectrum, and its charge non-linearity is within 5% when the number of photoelectrons (nPE) is 3500. The charge non-linearity of the 8th dynode output is within 2% when the number of nPE is 4000, which satisfies the dynamic range requirement.     

低能X射线工业CT小间隔信号采集系统

为克服探测器阵列获取速度慢、重建图像精度低的缺点,并能在低能X射线的小焦点/微焦点CT系统中完成对小型精密复杂器件的检测,研究了低能X射线工业CT的小间隔信号采集系统。系统选取DT公司0.2 mm像素尺寸、高集成度、扫描速度快的X-CARD 0.2-256G为探测器,Altera公司的Cyclone EP1C3T为主控芯片,Intel公司的LXT972A为以太网控制芯片。从数据传输的可靠、稳定、高效率角度出发,用模块化的方法给出了系统的硬件设计,用有限状态机技术完成了系统的逻辑单元设计,并对系统的动态范围进行了测试。测试实验结果表明,系统的动态范围大于4000,能够检测精密器件、准确迅速地完成信号的采集传输,满足实际工业CT对信号采集的要求。     

低能X射线工业CT小间隔信号采集系统

为克服探测器阵列获取速度慢、重建图像精度低的缺点,并能在低能X射线的小焦点/微焦点CT系统中完成对小型精密复杂器件的检测,研究了低能X射线工业CT的小间隔信号采集系统。系统选取DT公司0.2 mm像素尺寸、高集成度、扫描速度快的X-CARD 0.2-256G为探测器,Altera公司的Cyclone EP1C3T为主控芯片,Intel公司的LXT972A为以太网控制芯片。从数据传输的可靠、稳定、高效率角度出发,用模块化的方法给出了系统的硬件设计,用有限状态机技术完成了系统的逻辑单元设计,并对系统的动态范围进行了测试。测试实验结果表明,系统的动态范围大于4000,能够检测精密器件、准确迅速地完成信号的采集传输,满足实际工业CT对信号采集的要求。     

1.2m轻量化SiC主镜支撑系统优化设计

针对1.2 m轻量化SiC主镜,提出了轴向支撑采用18点Whiffle-tree结构结合压杆结构,侧向支撑采用A-Frame柔性机构结合切向支撑机构的支撑方案。从原理上对该主镜支撑方案进行了分析,说明了采用以上两种结构的优点;通过有限元方法对各个机构参数进行了分析、优化,并对整体结构进行了静力学以及热学仿真。实验显示：在参考温度下主镜面形精度（RMS）值为3.5 nm;温差达到40℃时,RMS值为11.1 nm。该设计方案满足了1.2 m轻量化SiC主镜的支撑要求,同时可以很好地抵消热应力对主镜的影响。     

Reflection confocal microscope readout system for three-dimensional photochromic optical data storage

We propose to use a reflection confocal microscope (RCM) as a readout system for digital data stored in a three-dimensional (3D) photochromic optical memory. We describe the merits and the difficulties for 3D optical memory that are associated with the use of such a RCM.It is shown by means of 3D Fourier space analysis that successful reading of 3D data can be obtained by selection of the appropriate parameter for the RCM.The system parameters include the numerical aperture of the objective lens and the wavelength of the light used for analysis (reading). Experimental results of multilayer recording and reflection confocal reading in photochromic-molecule-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) are presented. Good-contrast images are obtained.     

Compact confocal readout system for three-dimensional memories using a laser-feedback semiconductor laser

We present a compact confocal readout system for three-dimensional optical memories that uses the thresholding property of a semiconductor laser for feedback light. The system has higher axial resolution than a conventional confocal system with a pinhole. We demonstrate readout results for data recorded in two recording layers with the developed system.     

Electron-spin manipulation and resonator readout in a double-quantum-dot nanoelectromechanical system

We demonstrate how magnetically coupling a nanomechanical resonator to a double quantum dot confining two electrons can enable the manipulation of a single electron spin and the readout of the resonator's natural frequency. When the Larmor frequency matches the resonator frequency, the electron spin in one of the dots can be selectively and coherently flipped by the magnetized oscillator. By simultaneously measuring the charge state of the two-electron double quantum dots, this transition can be detected thus enabling the natural frequency and displacement of the mechanical oscillator to be determined.