Macroscopic resonant tunneling in an rf-SQUID flux qubit

We have observed the macroscopic resonant tunneling of magnetic flux between macroscopically distinct quantum states in a superconducting flux qubit.The dependences of the macroscopic resonant tunneling on the barrier height of the potential well,the flux bias and the initial state are investigated.Detailed measurements of the tunneling rate as a function of the flux bias reveal the feature of the quantum noise in the superconducting flux qubit.     

Tuning an rf-SQUID flux qubit system＇s potential with magnetic flux bias

At an extremely low temperature of 20 mK, we measured the loop current in a tunable rf superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) with a dc-SQUID. By adjusting the magnetic flux applied to the rf-SQUID loop (Φ f ) and the small dc-SQUID (Φ cjj f ), respectively, the potential shape of the system can be fully controlled in situ. Variation in the transition step and overlap size in the switching current with a barrier flux bias are analyzed, from which we can obtain some relevant device parameters and build a model to explain the experimental phenomenon.     

Design of a gap tunable flux qubit with FastHenry

In the preparations of superconducting qubits, circuit design is a vital process because the parameters and layout of the circuit not only determine the way we address the qubits, but also strongly affect the qubit coherence properties. One of the most important circuit parameters, which needs to be carefully designed, is the mutual inductance among different parts of a superconducting circuit. In this paper we demonstrate how to design a gap-tunable flux qubit by layout design and inductance extraction using a fast field solver Fast Henry. The energy spectrum of the gap-tunable flux qubit shows that the measured parameters are close to the design values.     

The initial decoherence of the mesoscopic Josephson junction flux qubit

For a mesoscopic radio frequency superconducting quantum interference device (rfSQUID), at a degeneracy point, the system reduces to a quantum two-state system which can be used as a flux qubit. When the noise environment is equivalent to a harmonic oscillators bath, by virtue of an operator-norm measure for the short time decoherence, this paper investigates the initial decoherence of the flux qubit operating in the ohmic noise environment and illustrates its property by means of the numerical evaluation.     

Controlled decoherence of three-level rf-SQUID qubit with asymmetric potential

A scheme is proposed to controll the decoherence of three-level rf-SQUID qubit with asymmetric potential by designing an external electric circuit for superconductive flux qubit. The results show that it may not only raise the gate speed but also extend decoherence time for a three-level structure.     

声子和杂质对三角束缚势量子点量子比特性质的影响

本文以含有类氢杂质的三角束缚势量子点为基础,应用Pekar变分方法,电子与体纵光学声子强耦合的条件下得出了电子的基态和第一激发态的本征能量及基态和第一激发态的波函数,量子点中这样的二能级体系可作为一个量子比特.讨论了能量与库仑结合参数,耦合强度,受限长度以及极角的变化关系.     

Flux qubit with a large loop size and tunable Josephson junctions

We present the design of a superconducting flux qubit with a large loop inductance. The large loop inductance is desirable for coupling between qubits. The loop is configured into a gradiometer form that could reduce the interference from environmental magnetic noise. A combined Josephson junction, i.e., a DC-SQUID is used to replace the small Josephson junction in the usual 3-JJ (Josephaon junction) flux qubit, leading to a tunable energy gap by using an independent external flux line. We perform numerical calculations to investigate the dependence of the energy gap on qubit parameters such as junction capacitance, critical current, loop inductance, and the ratio of junction energy between small and large junctions in the flux qubit. We suggest a range of values for the parameters.     

Macroscopic resonant tunneling in an rf-SQUID flux qubit under a single-cycle sinusoidal driving

We experimentally demonstrate the observation of macroscopic resonant tunneling(MRT) phenomenon of the macroscopic distinct flux states in a radio frequency superconducting quantum interference device(rf-SQUID) under a singlecycle sinusoidal driving.The population of the qubit exhibits interference patterns corresponding to resonant tunneling peaks between states in the adjacent potential wells.The dynamics of the qubit depends significantly on the amplitude,frequency,and initial phase of the driving signal.We do the numerical simulations considering the intra-well and interwell relaxation mechanism,which agree well with the experimental results.This approach provides an effective way to manipulate the qubit population by adjusting the parameters of the external driving field.     

Quantum entanglement and control in a capacitively coupled charge qubit circuit

The macroscopic quantum entanglement in capacitively coupled SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device)-based charge qubits is investigated theoretically. The entanglement characteristic is discussed by employing the quantum Rabi oscillations and the concurrence. An interesting conclusion is obtained, i.e., the magnetic fluxes Ф_x1 and Ф_x2 through the superconducting loops can adjust the entanglement degree between the qubits.     

抛物线性限制势二能级系统量子点量子比特的温度效应

应用Pekar变分方法,在抛物量子点中电子与体纵光学声子强耦合条件下,得出了电子的基态和第一激发态的本征能量及基态和第一激发态的本征波函数.以量子点中这样的二能级体系作为一个量子比特.当电子处于基态和第一激发态的叠加态时,计算出电子在时空中作周期性振荡的概率分布.并且得出了概率分布随温度及耦合强度的变化关系. 关键词： 量子点 量子比特 温度效应     

Controlled decoherence of floating flux qubits

In Born-Markov approximation,this paper calculates the energy relaxation time T 1 and the decoherence time T 2 of a floating flux qubit by solving the set of Bloch-Redfield equations.It shows that there are two main factors influencing the floating flux qubits:coupling capacitor in the circuit and the environment resistor.It also discusses how to improve the quantum coherence time of a qubit.Through shunt connecting/series connecting inductive elements,an inductive environment resistor is obtained and further the reactance component of the environment resistor is improved,which is beneficial to the enhancement of decoherence time of floating flux qubits.     

抛物线性限制势量子点量子比特及其光学声子效应

在抛物量子点中电子与体纵光学声子强耦合的条件下,应用Peaker变分方法得出了电子的基态和第一激发态的本征能量及基态和第一激发态本征波函数.量子点中这样的二能级体系可作为一个量子比特.当电子处于基态和第一激发态的叠加态时,计算出电子在空间的概率分布作周期性振荡.并且得出了振荡周期随受限长度及耦合强度的变化关系. 关键词： 量子点 量子信息 量子比特     

Properties of strong-coupling magneto-bipolaron qubit in quantum dot under magnetic field

Based on the variational method of Pekar type, we study the energies and the wave-functions of the ground and the first-excited states of magneto-bipolaron, which is strongly coupled to the LO phonon in a parabolic potential quantum dot under an applied magnetic field, thus built up a quantum dot magneto-bipolaron qubit. The results show that the oscillation period of the probability density of the two electrons in the qubit decreases with increasing electron–phonon coupling strength α, resonant frequency of the magnetic field ω_c, confinement strength of the quantum dot ω_0, and dielectric constant ratio of the medium η; the probability density of the two electrons in the qubit oscillates periodically with increasing time t, angular coordinate φ_2, and dielectric constant ratio of the medium η; the probability of electron appearing near the center of the quantum dot is larger, and the probability of electron appearing away from the center of the quantum dot is much smaller.     

磁场方向调制的InAs量子点分子量子比特

在有效质量近似条件下研究了由两个垂直耦合自组织InAs量子点组成的双电子量子点分子的电子结构，在此基础上利用系统的总自旋提出了一种磁场方向调制的量子比特方案.电子的相关效应可以导致系统的总自旋在0和1之间转换，值得注意的是，通过调节外部磁场的方向来实现这种转换，而不是像以往那样通过改变外部磁场的大小.结果支持利用系统的总自旋作为磁场方向调制的量子比特的可能性，而且因为高质量的垂直耦合量子点分子的制作工艺已经成熟，所以这是一个非常现实的量子比特设计方案. 关键词： 量子点分子 磁场方向调制 量子比特     

库仑势对抛物量子点量子比特消相干的影响

采用Pekar类型的变分方法,在电子与体纵光学声子强耦合的条件下,计算得出了抛物量子点中电子的基态能量和第一激发态能量及其相应的本征波函数.量子点中这样的二能级体系可以作为一个量子比特.由于声子的自发辐射,造成量子比特的消相干,讨论了消相干时间与库仑结合参数,耦合强度,受限长度,色散系数的变化关系. 关键词： 量子点 量子比特 量子信息 消相干     

Coulomb bound potential quantum rod qubit

We study the eigenenergies and the eigenfunctions of the ground and the first excited states of an electron, which is strongly coupled to LO-phonon in a quantum rod with a hydrogen-like impurity at the center by using the variational method of Pekar type. This quantum rod system may be used as a two-level quantum qubit. When the electron is in the superposition state of the ground and the first-excited states, the probability density of the electron oscillates in the quantum rod. It is found that the probability density and the oscillation period are individually increased and decreased due to the presence of the Coulomb interaction between the electron and the hydrogen-like impurity. The oscillation period is an increasing function of the ellipsoid aspect ratio and the effective confinement lengths of the quantum rod, whereas it is a decreasing one of the electron–phonon coupling strength.     

Spectroscopy and coherent manipulation of single and coupled flux qubits

Measurements of three-junction flux qubits, both single flux qubits and coupled flux qubits, using a coupled direct current superconducting quantum interference device （dc-SQUID） for readout are reported. The measurement procedure is described in detail. We performed spectroscopy measurements and coherent manipulations of the qubit states on a single flux qubit, demonstrating quantum energy levels and Rabi oscillations, with Rabi oscillation decay time TRabi =- 78 ns and energy relaxation time T~ = 315 ns. We found that the value of TRabi depends strongly on the mutual inductance between the qubit and the magnetic coil. We also performed spectroscopy measurements on inductively coupled flux qubits.     

固态量子比特的量子测量

文章介绍了作者用介观输运器件[如量子点接触（QPC）或单电子晶体管（SET）]测量固态量子比特的原理和特性，特别着重地介绍了作者最近在处理被测量子比特和介观测量仪器之间的关联方面的新进展。     

Observation of flux qubit states with the help of a superconducting differential double contour interferometer

The critical current of a new structure, the superconducting differential double contour interferometer (DDCI), investigated recently, depends on the parity of the sum of quantum numbers of the two superconducting loops connected in two points by two Josephson junctions. The theory confirms that the DDCI structure can be used for the ideal readout of quantum states of the flux qubit. Large jumps in the critical current and voltage enables to observe continuously the change in time the state of the flux qubit. Such observations can have fundamental importance for the investigation of macroscopic quantum systems with strongly discrete spectrum such as the flux qubit. The DDCI structure can also be used for precise measurement of a very weak magnetic field.