Frequency measurement study of resonant vibratory gyroscopes

In this paper, frequency measurement methods of resonant vibratory gyroscopes are studied. First, the working principle and dynamic output characteristics of the resonant vibratory gyroscope are introduced, which provide a theoretical analysis base to analyze the dynamic frequency output characteristic of the resonant vibratory gyroscope. Moreover, some relevant frequency measurement methods are introduced, a frequency measurement method based on dynamic output characteristics has been proposed for the purpose of investigating the modulated output signal of resonant vibratory gyroscopes. Finally, in order to verify the feasibility of the proposed frequency measurement method, resonator oscillator and dynamic frequency measurement experiments of the resonant vibratory gyroscopes are built. It is concluded from the resonator oscillator result that the designed and observed resonant frequency of the resonator have a good match, which shows the design of resonator oscillator is feasible. It is concluded from the dynamic frequency measurement result that correlation coefficient of output fitted curve is 99.95%, and the output characteristic of the gyroscope is linear frequency output, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed frequency measurement method.     

基于Kalman滤波算法的陀螺仪动态漂移补偿研究

应用MEMS陀螺仪测量人体手臂运动姿态时,针对陀螺仪受线加速度干扰导致测量姿态发散的问题,提出基于Kalman滤波算法的姿态误差补偿方法;该方法首先将陀螺仪采集到的角速度通过方向余弦算法解算得到姿态角,并将陀螺仪动态漂移造成的姿态角误差视为时变信号,通过建立姿态角漂移误差的状态方程及观测方程,应用卡尔曼滤波算法,实现对姿态角漂移误差的估计,最终达到对陀螺仪动态漂移误差的补偿;实验与仿真结果表明,应用该算法能够有效的抑制线加速度干扰导致的陀螺仪测量的姿态发散,适用于陀螺仪对人体手臂运动姿态的测量。     

Dynamic stability of a rotating beam with a constrained damping layer

The dynamic behavior and dynamic instability of the rotating sandwich beam with a constrained damping layer subjected to axial periodic loads are studied by the finite element method. The influences of rotating speed, thickness ratio, setting angle and hub radius ratio on the resonant frequencies and modal system loss factors are presented. The regions of instability for simple and combination resonant frequencies are determined from the Mathieu equation that is obtained from the parametric excitation of the rotating sandwich beam. The regions of dynamic instability for various parameters are presented.     

The effect of nonlinearity on unstable zones of Mathieu equation

Mathieu equation is a well-known ordinary differential equation in which the excitation term appears as the non-constant coefficient. The mathematical modelling of many dynamic systems leads to Mathieu equation. The determination of the locus of unstable zone is important for the control of dynamic systems. In this paper, the stable and unstable regions of Mathieu equation are determined for three cases of linear and nonlinear equations using the homotopy perturbation method. The effect of nonlinearity is examined in the unstable zone. The results show that the transition curves of linear Mathieu equation depend on the frequency of the excitation term. However, for nonlinear equations, the curves depend also on initial conditions. In addition, increasing the amplitude of response leads to an increase in the unstable zone.     

半导体激光放大器的电路模型及噪声特性分析

给出了半导体激光（ＬＤ）放大器的电路模型，使得对半导体激光放大器的特性可以用通用电路分析软件进行分析。用该模型对谐振型光放大器光功率输出特性与失谐关系进行了模拟分析，模型的分析结果与已报道的理论和实验基本一致；用该模型还对谐振光放大器的噪声进行了分析。     

全固态腔内倍频被动调Q黄光激光器理论研究

考虑晶体热衍射损耗以及在倍频过程中的非线性腔内损耗的影响,给出了LD泵浦Cr:YAG被动调Q556nm激光的耦合速率方程,数值求解了该方程组获得输出激光的重复频率,平均输出功率,峰值功率随泵浦功率的变化特性,理论值与实验结果符合较好.     

全固态腔内倍频被动调Q绿光激光器的理论研究

将倍频过程视为一种随基波光子数变化而变化的非线性腔内损耗,对被动调Q四能级速率方程进行修正,总结出了被动调Q绿光激光器的四能级非线性速率方程.通过数值求解,对连续LD泵浦Nd:GdVO4 /Cr4+:YAG/KTP和Nd:YAG/ Cr4+:YAG/LBO腔内倍频被动调Q绿光激光器的输出特性进行了数值模拟.通过与实验数...     

Modeling a novel energy harvester working in Lame mode

A new square shaped piezoelectric bimorph structure for energy scavenging purposes has been proposed and simulated. It is derived from theoretical analysis that the output power of the structure is proportional to the value of the resonant frequency. The device working in Lame mode has a much higher resonant frequency of 2.39 MHz than devices working in ordinary bending modes, which is expected to significantly increase the energy output of radioisotope power generators (RPGs). The results of static analysis and dynamic response show that output voltage is linear with the applied load; the output power is quadratic with the applied load.     

Dynamic stability of parametrically-excited linear resonant beams under periodic axial force

The parametric dynamic stability of resonant beams with various parameters under periodic axial force is studied.It is assumed that the theoretical formulations are based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory.The governing equations of motion are derived by using the Rayleigh-Ritz method and transformed into Mathieu equations,which are formed to determine the stability criterion and stability regions for parametricallyexcited linear resonant beams.An improved stability criterion is obtained using periodic Lyapunov functions.The boundary points on the stable regions are determined by using a small parameter perturbation method.Numerical results and discussion are presented to highlight the effects of beam length,axial force and damped coefficient on the stability criterion and stability regions.While some stability rules are easy to anticipate,we draw some conclusions:with the increase of damped coefficient,stable regions arise;with the decrease of beam length,the conditions of the damped coefficient arise instead.These conclusions can provide a reference for the robust design of parametricallyexcited linear resonant sensors.     

The bound-state resonant tunneling transistor (BSRTT): Fabrication, D.C. I–V characteristics and high-frequency properties

The output characteristics of resonant tunneling transistors with a charge filled bound state quantum well base obtained by a self-consistent solution of Poisson's and Schrödinger's equations show the effect of coupling between the input and output ports of the device and the effect on the current-voltage characteristics. Using a self-aligned process transistors were fabricated which showed a current gain of 3 and transconductances of 30 mS. The output characteristics do not saturate and this is in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions. The charge and potential distributions obtained from the self-consistent calculations are used in a quasi-static analysis of the small signal parameters for a hybrid-π model, and the high-frequency performance of the transistor is analyzed.     

Investigation of pertubation effect for plasma in TM010-mode microwave excited gas laser

Characteristic equation for the cylindrical TM₀₁₀-microwave plasma cavity is given. Analytical expression and perturbation formula for the resonant frequency of TM₀₁₀ mode dependence of plasma are derived. A comparison between exact and approximate solution shows that the perturbation theory can be used accurately to analyze the detuning of the cavity caused by microwave plasma with a tolerance less than 5%.     

偏置磁场对磁致伸缩/弹性/压电层合材料磁电效应的影响

根据磁致伸缩材料的非线性本构关系得到其动态杨氏弹性模量和动态压磁系数,结合等效电路法得到磁致伸缩/弹性/压电层合材料的磁电效应与磁致伸缩材料的动态杨氏弹性模量和动态压磁系数的关系,讨论了偏置磁场对这种层合材料的谐振频率和谐振磁电电压转换系数的影响.理论推导和实验结果均表明,存在最佳偏置磁场使磁致伸缩/弹性/压电层合材料的谐振磁电电压转换系数最大. 关键词： 磁致伸缩/弹性/压电层合材料 磁电效应 偏置磁场 非线性本构关系     

谐振腔光纤陀螺光纤谐振环特性研究

对有限光源线宽情况下反射式光纤谐振环的响应特性进行了研究,得到了光纤谐振环各谐振特性参量的表示式.分析了特性参量与光源线宽和耦合器特性的关系,结合对方波调制谐振腔光纤陀螺极限灵敏度的分析,给出了设计高灵敏度谐振腔光纤陀螺光纤谐振环的要求和原则.进行了谐振腔光纤陀螺用光纤谐振环的实验研究,制作了适用于谐振腔光纤陀螺的高精细度和高谐振深度光纤谐振环.     

Vibration behaviour of stators of electrical machines,part I: Theoretical study

A general analytical method for free vibrations of thick cylindrical shells is presented in this paper. The problems associated with thick cylindrical shells are of considerable engineering importance in numerous applications. One important application of such shells is the stator of electrical machines, where the thick stator-core with teeth and windings is encased by a thin frame provided with cooling ribs. In order to design a quiet electrical machine, the accurate determination of resonant frequencies and vibrational characteristics of the stator is essential. The well known energy method is used in the analysis presented for the derivation of the frequency equation of the stator. As a first step, the analysis is applied to a simple and smooth model of thick circular cylindrical shell having substantial axial length as used in actual stators. The analysis delivers information on resonant frequencies and associated mode shapes. The method of analysis and the theoretical results obtained for the model are presented. The experimental verification of the analysis is reported in a companion paper.     

基于混合控制LLC谐振变换器的设计与分析

根据半桥LLC谐振变换器的拓扑结构,采用了一种混合控制方式,整合了电荷控制和传统频率控制两种控制方式。与目前的电荷型控制、双频率控制等常用控制方式相比,该控制方式增加的频率补偿斜坡,使得补偿器的设计十分简单,改进的线路瞬态性能可降低输出电容器值。根据基波分析法得到半桥LLC谐振变换器等效电路,确定了直流增益与品质因数、归一化频率和谐振电感与励磁电感的比值之间的关系式,并由该关系式设计出合适的谐振器件参数。通过混合控制方式与设计的LLC谐振参数搭建了一台5 kW/±85 V半桥LLC谐振变换器进行实验验证,实验结果显示,该样机动态特性良好,能够得到稳定的输出电压和具有较高的传输效率,验证了所采用的控制方法和基波分析法设计的LLC谐振参数的可行性。     

Computation of the homogeneous and forced solutions of a finite length, line-driven, submerged plate

A formulation is developed to predict the vibration response of a finite length, submerged plate due to a line drive. The formulation starts by describing the fluid in terms of elliptic cylinder coordinates, which allows the fluid loading term to be expressed in terms of Mathieu functions. By moving the fluid loading term to the right-hand side of the equation, it is considered to be a force. The operator that remains on the left-hand side is the same as that of the in vacuo plate: a fourth-order, constant coefficient, ordinary differential equation. Therefore, the problem appears to be an inhomogeneous ordinary differential equation. The solution that results has the same form as that of the in vacuo plate: the sum of a forced solution, and four homogeneous solutions, each of which is multiplied by an arbitrary constant. These constants are then chosen to satisfy the structural boundary conditions on the two ends of the plate. Results for the finite plate are compared to the infinite plate in both the wave number and spatial domains. The theoretical predictions of the plate velocity response are also compared to results from finite element analysis and show reasonable agreement over a large frequency range.     

离子推力器工作性能参数控制模型

为了研究离子推力器工作参数对输出特性的影响,通过离子推力器工作性能参数的理论计算公式,建立起离子推力器输入参数与输出参数的Simulink控制模型,根据模型分别对我国研制的30 cm口径以及20 cm口径离子推力器的工作输出参数进行了理论计算,并通过推力测量试验对理论值进行了比对和分析。比对结果表明:在推力理论计算过程中引入二价Xe离子比率和束流密度分布推力修正,以及推力均方误差修正后,推力理论值与实测值符合性较好,计算误差小于1 mN,证明了推力修正方法的合理性。     

Analyse and sound image localization experiment study on multi-channel planar surround sound system

I.IntroductionAnidealplanarsurroundsoundsystemshouldreproduceanaturalanddistinctimageandshouldnothavetheeffectofAnagepositi9ndistortion.Itshouldalsohaveagoodeffectoverawidelisteningarea)agoodcompatibilitywith8tereosystem.ItshouldnotrequiremanytransInissionchannels.InthispaPeritisproposedthataseriesofplanarsurroundsoundsystemstomeetaboverequlremellts.II-ThereproductionsignalsoftheperfectplanarsurroundsoundsystemFirstthecharacteristicsofaperfectplanarsurroundsoundsystemareanalysed.There-prod…     

Transduction of a bistable inductive generator driven by white and exponentially correlated Gaussian noise

In this theoretical study, the response of an inductive power generator with a bistable symmetric potential to stationary random environmental excitations is investigated. Both white and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck-type excitations are considered. In the white noise limit, the stationary Fokker-Plank-Kolmagorov equation is solved for the exact joint probability density function (PDF) of the response. The PDF is then used to obtain analytical expressions for the response statistics. It is shown that the expected value of the generator's output power is independent of the potential shape leading to the conclusion that under white noise excitations, bistabilities in the potential do not provide any enhancement over the traditional linear resonant generators which have a single-well potential. In the case of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (exponentially correlated) noise, an approximate expression for the mean power of the generator which depends on the potential shape, the generator's design parameters and the noise bandwidth and intensity is obtained. It is shown that there exists an optimal potential shape which maximizes the output power. This optimal shape guarantees an optimal escapement frequency between the potential wells which remains constant even as the noise intensity is varied.     

Modeling and study of dynamic performance of a valveless micropump

This work presents an approximate nonlinear analytical model for the problem of fluid-structural interaction in a valveless micropump. The model is constructed using the lumped-mass approach and takes into account the inertial force and time variation of mass density of the working fluid within the micropump chamber, pressure viscous losses of the flow through the diffuser/nozzle elements and the structural geometric nonlinearity due to the membrane mid-plane stretching. It consists of a set of coupled partial integro-differential equations which is reduced to a third order nonlinear coupled fluid-plate vibration equation by using the assumed mode method to approximate the plate dynamic deflection. An approximate analytical solution for the nonlinear vibration model is carried out using the harmonic balance method and is used to investigate the effect of various system parameters on the performance of the micropump. The obtained model and approximate analytical results are compared with those available in the open literature. The approximate analytical results show that, depending on the micropump physical parameters and membrane driving frequency, the working fluid stiffness, which arise in the present model as a result of taking into account the variation of the fluid density with time, and the membrane geometric nonlinearity can have significant effects on the predicted micropump performance and can lead to a complex nonlinear dynamic behavior. The accuracy of these results is subject to a future numerical validation of the presented approximate theoretical model.