介质加载的矩形截面Cerenkov脉塞中带状电子注与慢波结构互作用的研究

本文建立了介质加载的矩形截面Cerenkov脉塞中带状电子注与慢波结构互作用的三维物理模型. 采用Borgnis函数法和场匹配法求解了多层介质中场的匹配问题, 获得了注波互作用结构的混合模热色散方程(含电子注)及其近似解. 通过数值计算, 分析了热态下介质层厚度、电子注电压、电流密度、电子注厚度及电子注与 介质层间隙距离等主要结构和电参数对注波互作用增长率的影响.     

一种矩形截面切伦柯夫脉塞金属周期慢波结构的分析方法

 分析了矩形截面切伦柯夫脉塞周期金属慢波结构的色散特性,以及结构参数的变化对色散曲线的影响。为避免慢波结构两端突变引起的反射振荡,采用等效电路法分析了用于连接光滑波导和慢波结构的渐变段。将线性形、两段形和指数形的渐变段进行了比较。指数形渐变段末端的功率反射系数最小, 并且整体的变化最平缓, 因此可将其作为实现慢波与快波间转换的较优选择。分析了频率和实际加工误差对指数形渐变段功率反射系数的影响:在频率较小时,功率反射系数也较小;固定频率下,较小的加工误差能使交界处功率反射系数的变化较平缓。在此基础上设计了一个功率反射系数小于0.01的指数渐变段,实现了工作模式和快波模式之间的良好匹配。与耦合模理论分析方法相比,等效电路方法更为简洁,二者结果相符合。     

一种矩形截面切伦柯夫脉塞金属周期慢波结构的分析方法

分析了矩形截面切伦柯夫脉塞周期金属慢波结构的色散特性,以及结构参数的变化对色散曲线的影响。为避免慢波结构两端突变引起的反射振荡,采用等效电路法分析了用于连接光滑波导和慢波结构的渐变段。将线性形、两段形和指数形的渐变段进行了比较。指数形渐变段末端的功率反射系数最小, 并且整体的变化最平缓, 因此可将其作为实现慢波与快波间转换的较优选择。分析了频率和实际加工误差对指数形渐变段功率反射系数的影响:在频率较小时,功率反射系数也较小;固定频率下,较小的加工误差能使交界处功率反射系数的变化较平缓。在此基础上设计了一个功率反射系数小于0.01的指数渐变段,实现了工作模式和快波模式之间的良好匹配。与耦合模理论分析方法相比,等效电路方法更为简洁,二者结果相符合。     

Linear theory of a dielectric-loaded rectangular Cerenkov maser with a sheet electron beam

A three-dimensional model of a dielectric-loaded rectangular Cerenkov maser with a sheet electron beam for the beam-wave interaction is proposed.Based on this model,the hybrid-mode dispersion equation is derived with the Borgnis potential function by using the field-matching method.Its approximate solution is obtained under the assumption of a dilute electron beam.By using the Ansoft high frequency structural simulator(HFSS) code,the electromagnetic field distribution in the interaction structure is given.Through numerical calculations,the effects of beam thickness,beam and dielectric-layer gap distance,beam voltage,and current density on the resonant growth rate are analysed in detail.     

Simplified nonlinear theory of the dielectric loaded rectangular Cerenkov maser

To rapidly and accurately investigate the performance of the dielectric loaded rectangular Cerenkov maser, a simplified nonlinear theory is proposed, in which the variations of wave amplitude and wave phase are determined by two coupled first-order differential equations. Through combining with the relativistic equation of motion and adopting the forward wave assumption, the evolutions of the forward wave power, the power growth rate, the axial wave number, the accumulated phase offset, and the information of the particle movement can be obtained in a single-pass calculation. For an illustrative example, this method is used to study the influences of the beam current, the gap distance between the beam and the dielectric surface, and the momentum spread on the forward wave. The variations of the saturated power and the saturation length with the working frequency for the beams with different momentum spreads have also been studied. The result shows that the beam-wave interaction is very sensitive to the electron beam state. To further verify this simplified theory, a comparison with the result produced from a rigorous method is also provided, we find that the evolution curves of the forward wave power predicted by the two methods exhibit excellent agreement. In practical applications, the developed theory can be used for the design and analysis of the rectangular Cerenkov maser.     

Linear analysis of a three-dimensional rectangular Cerenkov maser with a sheet electron beam

A linear theory of a rectangular Cerenkov maser (RCM) with a sheet electron beam is developed by using the field-match method. Based on the three-dimensional beam-wave interaction model proposed in this paper, a hybrid-mode dispersion equation and its analytical solution are derived for the RCM. Through numerical calculations, the effects of the beam-grating gap, beam thickness, current density, beam voltage and waveguide width on the linear growth rate are analysed. Moreover, the performance difference between the RCM with the closed transverse boundary and that with the upper open boundary is compared. The results show that the closed RCM model can avoid the effect of RF radiation on beam-wave interaction, which is more rational for practical applications.     

切伦柯夫相互作用中分段式慢波结构与均匀慢波结构的比较研究

 分析了切伦柯夫束波相互作用中使用单段慢波结构的缺点。指出在分段式慢波结构中，漂移段及其两端的慢波结构组成一Bragg谐振腔，当漂移段长度合适时，根据渡越时间效应理论，这种结构能减小调制束中电子的速度分散，提高束波转化效率。通过粒子模拟方法，比较了均匀慢波结构与分段式慢波结构中束波相互作用的物理图像，验证了理论分析结果，并说明了后者有束密度群聚充分，束电子速度分散小，产生微波功率高、频谱质量好，最佳工作电流大，输入电功率高等优点。     

HL-2A装置低杂波天线TE10模过渡段设计

介绍了将 3-dB 功率分配器、模式转化器、耦合器、水负载等常规波导器件发展为单元模块集成部件的基于 PAM 概念的新一代低杂波天线,利用耦合模理论分析设计了TE10 模过渡段的结构参数,使用高频电磁场仿真软件 HFSS 进行结构仿真和参数优化,得到了过渡段长度为 370mm,驻波比为 1.0012、反射损耗为-65....     

Employing a Cerenkov detector for the thickness measurement of X-rays in a scattering background

The variation in environmental scattering background is a major source of systematic errors in X- ray inspection and measurement systems. As the energy of these photons consisting of environmental scattering background is much lower generally, the Cerenkov detectors having the detection threshold are likely insensitive to them and able to exclude their influence. A thickness measurement experiment is designed to verify the idea by employing a Cerenkov detector and an ionizing chamber for comparison. Furthermore, it is also found that the application of the Cerenkov detectors is helpful to exclude another systematic error from the variation of low energy components in the spectrum incident on the detector volume.     

具有任意槽的矩形波导栅慢波结构高频特性的研究

将任意形状槽的连续轮廓近似用一系列相连的矩形阶梯近似，利用各阶梯面上导纳的匹配，以及槽与互作用区边界场的连续与匹配条件，获得了具有任意槽的矩形波导栅慢波结构的色散方程和耦合阻抗的表达式，并进行理论上的验证.加工制作了矩形槽波导栅模型，冷测表明理论值与测量值相吻合.分别求解几种特殊槽形矩形波导栅慢波结构的色散特性及耦合阻抗，其中，三角形结构的色散和耦合阻抗均最弱，而倒梯形结构色散最强，耦合阻抗最大. 关键词： 矩形波导栅 任意槽 色散特性 慢波结构     

Employing a Cerenkov detector for the thickness measurement of X-rays in a scattering background

The variation in environmental scattering background is a major source of systematic errors in X-ray inspection and measurement systems.As the energy of these photons consisting of environmental scattering background is much lower generally,the Cerenkov detectors having the detection threshold are likely insensitive to them and able to exclude their influence.A thickness measurement experiment is designed to verify the idea by employing a Cerenkov detector and an ionizing chamber for comparison.Furthermore,it is also found that the application of the Cerenkov detectors is helpful to exclude another systematic error from the variation of low energy components in the spectrum incident on the detector volume.     

Analysis of the relationship between neutron dose and Cerenkov photons under neutron irradiation through Monte Carlo method

To theoretically explore the feasibility of neutron dose characterized by Cerenkov photons, the relationship between Cerenkov photons and neutron dose in a water phantom was quantified using the Monte Carlo toolkit Geant4. Results showed that the ratio of the neutron dose deposited by secondary electrons above Cerenkov threshold energy to the total neutron dose is approximately a constant for monoenergetic neutrons from 0.01 eV to 100 eV. With the initial neutron beam energy from 0.01 eV to 100 eV, the number of Cerenkov photons has a good correlation with the total neutron dose along the central axis of the water phantom. The changes of neutron energy spectrum and mechanism analysis also explored at different depths. And the ratio of total neutron dose to the intensity of Cerenkov photons is independent of neutron energy for neutrons from 0.01 eV to 100 eV. These findings indicate that Cerenkov radiation also has potential in the application of neutron dose measurement in some specific fields.     

变周期慢波系统内同步问题的研究

由于行波管的工作依赖于其慢波系统中的电子注与沿轴传输交变电磁场之间的相互作用而完成,而这样的相互作用要求沿轴传输的交变电磁场必须与电子注有着近乎同步的速度,所以慢波系统内的同步问题就成了研究行波管的一个很重要的问题.而变周期慢波系统是将一般慢波系统的周期进行变化而形成的,它可以比原周期慢波系统有着更宽的带宽,更高的互作用效率,还可以选择空间谐波.本文分析了变周期慢波系统内的空间谐波,提出了使慢波系统内的一次空间谐波一直与电子注同步所需要满足的原则,最后以变周期折叠波导为例,证明了这个原则. 关键词： 变周期 慢波系统 空间谐波 同步     

光强局部选通成像器中光锥耦合技术研究

为了实现景物在强光照射下能够分辨图像的细节,在液晶的光强局部选通成像器中,使用光锥将TFT-LCD液晶耦合到CCD相机上以实现图像的实时传递。通过理论分析和计算,采用光锥耦合获得的耦合效率为14.24%,而透镜耦合则只有1.83%,由前者耦合后构成的局部选通系统,其调制传递函数曲线中奈奎斯特频率为0.518,极限分辨率为34 lp/mm,由此制作的器件,在对高照度下图像的细节分辨,明显高于透镜耦合的器件。分析了造成该系统MTF下降的因素,并提出了进一步改善MTF的技术措施。     

新型反绕双螺旋线慢波系统的分析与设计

 基于降低工艺难度的目的,提出了一种新型反绕双螺旋线慢波系统,该系统的正绕反绕螺旋线半径不等。利用3维电磁软件CST MWS仿真分析了结构参数对色散和耦合阻抗的影响。结果表明：耦合阻抗在螺旋带内半径较大时没有明显下降;减小螺旋带宽度有利于降低相速度和提高耦合阻抗;在一定范围内,相速度随螺距的减小而增大。在此基础上,结合工程要求设计了8 mm波段行波管的新型反绕双螺旋线慢波系统,耦合阻抗达到21 Ω,工作电压约为20 kV,同时由于电子通道半径较大,降低了对电子光学系统的要求;纵向翼片加载的引进较为有效地展宽了带宽。     

基于场匹配法的双排矩形栅慢波结构高频特性研究

本文运用场匹配法对具有任意位错的双排矩形栅慢波结构的场分布、色散特性及耦合阻抗进行了研究．研究结果表明,场匹配法推导的色散特性与仿真软件CST和HFSS计算的结果完全一致,耦合阻抗介于CST和HFSS之间．在此基础上,详细研究了上下两排系统之间位错对色散特性及耦合阻抗的影响．当位错严格为半个周期时,第一阻带消失,第一个模式最高截止频率与第二个模式最低截止频率重叠,发生简并;当位错为0．45倍周期时,在保证耦合阻抗不变的情况下,基模的通带虽降低了2．8GHz,但阻带却增大了7．9GHz,从而可以有效避免简并及模式竞争的发生．     

基于矩形谐振环的新型复合周期结构左手材料研究

通过实验及仿真研究了基于矩形谐振环的新型三角形和三矩形开口谐振环金属线复合周期结构左手材料.仿真研究了以金属铜三角谐振环和三矩形谐振环（SRRs）为基本单元的周期结构负磁导率材料,结果显示两种谐振环均能产生很好的谐振效果,即能产生负磁导率;设计、制作并实验和仿真研究了三角谐振环和三矩形谐振环金属线复合周期结构左手材料,实验结果分别在9.5—13.3GHz和9.8—12.5GHz出现良好的负折射效应,与仿真结果具有较好的一致性.该研究对新型周期结构左手材料的研究、设计和研制具有重要的科学意义和应用前景. 关键词： 左手材料 负折射 三角形谐振环 三矩形谐振环     

Optimal design of sub-wavelength metal rectangular gratings for polarizing beam splitter based on effective medium theory

A novel optimal design of sub-wavelength metal rectangular gratings for the polarizing beam splitter (PBS) is proposed. The method is based on effective medium theory and the method of designing single layer antireflection coating. The polarization performance of PBS is discussed by rigorous couple-wave analysis (RCWA) method at a wavelength of 1550~nm. The result shows that sub-wavelength metal rectangular grating is characterized by a high reflectivity, like metal films for TE polarization, and high transmissivity, like dielectric films for TM polarization. The optimal design accords well with the results simulated by RCWA method.     

矩形波导TM_(11)-TE_(10)模式转换器的初步设计

设计了一种矩形波导隔断插板式TM11-TE10模式转换器。其结构是在矩形波导横截面窄边的中部,平行于横截面宽边插入一块金属平板,将其等分为上下两个矩形波导,将TM11模式转换为分别位于上下两个矩形波导内相位相反的TE10模式。然后分别在上下两个矩形波导内,平行于窄边等间距地插入一组金属薄板。TE10模式微波经过轴向长度差为合适值的上下两组插板后,相移差变为180°,使原本相位相反的TE10模式转为同向,最后通过阻抗渐变合成单个波导的TE10模式。该模式转换器可与带状电子束高功率微波源共轴,其横向最大尺寸可与带状电子束高功率微波源矩形输出口保持一致,轴向长度较短,结构简单、紧凑。利用有限元算法仿真软件,对该设计方案进行了验证和初步优化设计。初步的设计结果表明:当相对带宽为10%时,TM11至TE10模式的转换效率大于-0.45 dB,可满足带状电子束高功率微波源对输出结构的设计要求。     

矩形晶格高偏振、低损耗铋锗镓光子晶体光纤的结构设计及性能分析

非对称结构光子晶体光纤应用广泛。其良好的偏振特性、灵活的色散调控能力以及低限制损耗品质,对于优化与改善偏振光纤器件、非线性光学光纤、光通信光纤、光纤传感器等性能发挥着关键的作用。选用高折射率铋锗镓激光玻璃为材料,设计了八边形阵列、矩形晶格排列的光子晶体光纤,纤芯缺陷区包层及外包层均为圆形空气孔。模拟实验数据显示,结构参数为M=0.5,0.6时,在波长为1.55 μm处的双折射系数分别为1.16×10⁻²和1.33×10⁻²;在近红外波段短波区,矩形晶格结构光子晶体光纤的色散范围分别在±30 ps·nm⁻¹·km⁻¹之间及−18～32 ps·nm⁻¹·km⁻¹之间。色散斜率较低,曲线具有零色散点,展现了良好的连续谱调控能力;在1.00～1.90 μm波段内,当M=0.5,0.6时,光纤限制损耗稳定在10⁻⁷～10⁻⁹ dB·km⁻¹之间;在1.55 μm处,限制损耗测量值分别为2.32×10⁻⁷和1.62×10⁻⁸ dB·km⁻¹。